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"Meningkatnya risiko kejadian obesitas pada remaja disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan frekuensi konsumsi fast food siswa SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang pada tahun 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Data karakteristik personal, pengaruh lingkungan sosial, aksesibilitas, dan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi dan besar porsi fast food diperoleh dari semi-quantitative FFQ. Kuesioner dan FFQ tersebut diberikan kepada 205 siswa SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang yang dipilih dengan sistem sampling acak sederhana. Selain itu, digunakan pula perangkat lunak Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 untuk mengukur jarak sekolah terhadap restoran fast food. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 54,6% responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh peer group (p=0,001), besar uang saku (p=0,010), dan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food (p=0,000) dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda, pengaruh paparan iklan fast food merupakan faktor dominan dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Siswa dengan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food yang kuat berpeluang 2,6 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan siswa dengan pengaruh lemah setelah dikontrol variabel status pekerjaan ibu, uang saku, dan pengaruh peer group. Diperlukan edukasi gizi mengenai gizi seimbang, anjuran konsumsi zat gizi harian, jenis, kandungan, dan dampak konsumsi fast food agar siswa terhindar dari konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan.

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The risk of adolescents obesity has increased by some factors, one of the them is the excessive of fast food consumption. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factor in fast food consumption frequency among the students of SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang in 2014. This study used a quantitative method and cross-sectional design. It used questionnaire about personal characteristics, social influences, accessibility, amount of pocket money, and fast food advertisements influences. Semi-quantitative FFQ also used to determine the fast food frequency. Those questionnaires were given to 205 SMA Islamic Village students which selected by simple random sampling. Moreover, this study also used software Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 to determine the proximity between school and fast food restaurants.

Result showed that 54,6% of respondents consumed fast food often. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in peer group influences (p=0,001), amount of pocket money (p=0,010), and fast food advertisements influences (p=0,000) in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Based on multiple regression analysis, fast food advertisements influence is the dominant factor in determining fast food consumption frequency. Students who have strong influences from fast food advertisements has an opportunity 2,6x more often to consume fast food than students who have weak influences after controled by other factors, such as mother employment status, amount of pocket money, and peer group influences. Nutrition education about balance diet, nutrition daily allowance, and fast food is needed to prevent the students consume excessive fast food."

"Konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan kejadian obesitas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma Depok tahun 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan kepada 148 mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma Depok yang dipilih dengan systematic random sampling. Data karakteristik individu, karakteristik makanan, dan karakteristik lingkungan diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi fast food diperoleh dari FFQ. Selain itu, digunakan pula perangkat lunak Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 untuk mengukur jarak restoran fast food terhadap kampus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 51,4 responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering ge;3x/minggu. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh teman p=0,001, besar uang saku p=0,050, dan pengaruh media promosi p=0,005 dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda, pengaruh teman merupakan faktor dominan dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman yang kuat berpeluang 2,9 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman lemah setelah dikontrol variabel uang saku, harga dan pengaruh media promosi. Diperlukan edukasi pada mahasiswa mengenai dampak mengonsumsi fast food berlebihan agar lebih bijaksana dalam mengikuti ajakan teman untuk mengonsumsi fast food. Walaupun pertemanan itu penting, tetapi kesehatan diri sendiri juga lebih penting.

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Excessive consumption of fast food can increase the incidence of obesity and other health problems in adolescents. This study aims to determine the dominant factor of the frequency of modern fast food consumption among students Gunadarma University Depok in 2017. The research method used is quantitative with cross sectional study design conducted to 148 students Gunadarma University Depok selected by systematic random sampling. It used questionnaire about individual characteristics, food characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while data of frequency fast food consumption from FFQ. In addition, this study also used software Google Maps Geo Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 to determine the proximity between campus and fast food restaurants.

Result showed that 51,4 of respondents consumed fast food often ge 3x week. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in the influence of friends p 0.001, amount of pocket money p 0.050, and the influence of promotional media p 0.005 in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Based on the result of multiple logistic regression analysis, friend influence is the dominant factor in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Students with strong friend influences are 2.9 times more likely to eat fast food often compared to poor friend influences after control by other factors such as amount of pocket money, price and influence of promotional media."

"Sering mengonsumsi fast food dapat berdampak pada kenaikan berat badan dan munculnya penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan frekuensi konsumsi fast food pada Mahasiswa FISIP UI Tahun 2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi crosssectional. Data karakteristik personal, lingkungan, aksesibilitas, dan paparan media diperoleh dari kuesioner, data frekuensi konsumsi fast food dan besar porsi fast food diperoleh dari semi-quantitative FFQ, serta data konsumsi harian didapat dari 2x24- hours food recall. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada 127 responden yang dipilih dengan system random sampling, setelah mengisi kuesioner, responden diwawancara dengan FFQ dan food recall.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 48% responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengetahuan gizi dan fast food (p=0,001), preferensi fast food (p=0,001), pengaruh peer group (p=0,008), jarak restoran fast food (p=0,001), uang saku (p=0,001), katerpaparan iklan (p=0,017), dan keterpaparan promosi (p=0,000). Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda, pengaruh keterpaparan promosi merupakan faktor dominan dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food (p=0,000). Mahasiswa dengan pengaruh keterpaparan promosi yang kuat memiliki peluang 10,5 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan mahasiswa dengan pengaruh lemah setelah dikontrol pengetahuan gizi, preferensi fast food, jarak restoran fast food, dan keterpaparan iklan.

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The excessive of fast food consumption can have an impact to gain weight and increase risk of degenerative disease. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factor in fast food consumption among college student of FISIP UI in 2016. The research method is quantitative and cross sectional design. Data about personal characteristics, social influences, accessibility, and media influences are collected by a questionnaire, semi-quantitative FFQ used to determine fast food frequency, and 2x24 hours food recall also used to determine daily consumption. The questionnaires were given to 127 college student at FISIP UI which selected by simple random sampling, after filled the questionnaire, respondents being interviewed with Semi-quantitative FFQ and food recall questionnaire.

Result showed that 48% of respondents had higher frequency of fast food consumption. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in proportion of nutrition and fast food knowledge (p=0,001), fast food preference (0,001), peer group effect (p=0,008), fast food restaurant`s distance (p=0,001), daily allowance (p=0,001), fast food advertisement effect (p=0,017), and fast food promotion effect (p=0,000). Based on multiple regression analysis, fast food promotion is a dominant factor in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Student who had a higher fast food promotion has an opportunity 10,5x higher frequency of fast food consumption than who`s had a lower fast food promotion after controlled by nutrition and fast food knowledge, fast food preference, fast food restaurant`s distance, and fast food advertisement."

"Berdasarkan survei survei awal yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 56% siswa SMA di salah satu sekolah swasta di Tangerang menggunakan suplemen makanan. Angka ini ternyata lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan prevalensi penggunaan suplemen makanan di dunia (31%). Dari hal tersebut, peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi penggunaan suplemen makanan pada siswa SMA serta menilai hubungan antara status kesehatan dan faktor lainnya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April di SMA Islamic Village Tangerang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 135 responden yang dipilih secara systematic random sampling. Konsumsi suplemen makanan merupakan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini. Sedangkan variabel bebas terdiri dari status gizi (Indeks Massa Tubuh), riwayat si, riwayat penyakit kronis, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein, konsumsi sayur, konsumsi buah, praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua, keterpaparan media promosi, dan pengaruh teman sebaya. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi kuesioner, form FFQ-SQ, timbangan seca, microtoise, dan food model. Penelitian ini melibatkan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat berupa uji chi square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi pengguna suplemen makanan pada siswa SMA Islamic Village Tangerang Tahun 2012 sebesar 53,3%. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit kronis, praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua, keterpaparan media massa, dan pengaruh teman sebaya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit kronis dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,020) sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Rock (2007). Hubungan yang bermakna antara praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) juga didukung dengan penelitian Ramadani (2005). Adanya hubungan antara keterpaparan media promosi dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) juga sejalan dengan penelitian Putri (2004). Sedangkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengaruh teman sebaya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) didukung oleh penelitian O’Dea (2003). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit kronis dengan faktor lingkungan sosial dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Selain itu, diperoleh saran bagi pihak siswa dan orang tua agar lebih selektif dalam memilih produk suplemen makanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, serta bagi pihak sekolah dan pihak pemerintah (dinas kesehatan dan pendidikan Kabupaten Tangerang) agar lebih mensosialisasikan informasi terkait gizi kepada masyarakat.

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There has been 56% of private high school students in Tangerang using food supplement based on the early survey that has been made. It was higher than the number of food supplement users in the world (31%) so that the researcher was interested to find out the proportion of the food supplement users in senior high students and also to evaluate the association between health status and the other factors with food supplement consumption.

This study used a cross sectional design study. It was held in April 2012 at Islamic Village Tangerang Senior High. There were 135 respondents which was selected by systematic random sampling. The food supplement consumption was a dependent variable of this study, meanwhile the body mass index, infectious disease history, chronic disease history, gender, nutrition knowledges, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, supplement consumption by parents, media exposure, and also peers influences were independent variable. Questionnaire, FFQ-SQ form, seca scale, microtoise, and food model were used as the instruments of this study. This study used two kind of analysis, there were univariate analysis and bivariate analysis which was chi square test.

The result of this study was showed that there were 53,3% food supplement users among Islamic Village Tangerang students in 2012. Besides, there were a significant assocation between chronic disease history, supplement consumption by parents, media exposure, and also peers influences with food supplement consumption. A significant association between a chronic disease history and food supplements consumption (p value = 0.020) was in line with research by Rock (2007). A significant association between supplement consumption by parents with food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) are also supported Ramadani's research in 2005. An association between media exposure with the food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) also in line with research by Putri (2004). While a significant association between peers influences with the food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) supported by O'Dea’s research in 2003.

In conclusion, this study showed that there are a significant association between chronic disease history and social environment influences with food supplements consumption. Besides, it was obtained the suggestions for the students also the parents to be more selective in choosing food supplements product that suit their needs and for the school and government to socialize nutrition information to society, especially for high school students."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang kegemukan dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya pada siswa SD X di Bekasi tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran prevalensi kegemukan dan membuktikan konsumsi junk food sebagai faktor dominan dari kegemukan pada populasi studi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasional pada siswa kelas IV dan V SD X di Bekasi selama bulan April 2017. Proses pengambilan data meliputi pengukuran antropometri menggunakan microtoise dan timbangan yang telah divalidasi, wawancara food recall 24 jam, dan pengisian angket untuk mengetahui informasi terkait pola makan dan aktivitas fisik.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 55,9 siswa yang gemuk IMT/U Z-score > 1,00. Faktor risiko yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan kegemukan adalah asupan energi, asupan lemak, konsumsi junk food, jenis kelamin, dan berat badan lahir. Konsumsi junk food terbukti sebagai faktor dominan. Peneliti merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan edukasi gizi dan kontrol terhadap konsumsi junk food.

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This study explores overweight obesity and the risk factors in students of SD X Bekasi 2017. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of overweight obesity and to determine its dominant factor in the study population. This study uses cross sectional design with observational approach to grade 4 and 5 students of SD X Bekasi in April 2017. The collection data processes are consist of anthropometric measurement using calibrated microtoise and digital weight scale and dietary assessment using 24 hour food recall interview and self administer questionnaire about dietary and physical activity pattern.

The result of this study shows that 55,9 students are overweight obese BMI Z score 1,00. The risk factors that have significant difference with overweight obesity are energy intake, fat intake, junk food consumption, sex, and birth weight. Junk food consumption is identified as the dominant factor. Recommendations from this study are to increase nutritional education and to control junk food consumption."

"Fast food modern adalah makanan cepat saji yang berasal dari luar negeri, umumnya berasal dari negara barat, atau jenis fast food dalam negeri yang memiliki karakteristik menyerupai fast food luar negeri, contohnya fried chicken, french fries, pizza, dan lain-lain. Umumnya fast food modern memiliki kandungan gizi yang tidak seimbang, yaitu tinggi kalori, lemak, protein, dan garam. Frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern yang berlebihan akan berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan remaja, di antaranya overweight dan obesitas yang kemudian akan berisiko menimbulkan berbagai penyakit degeneratif di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada remaja di SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta tahun 2024. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini, yaitu frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern. Sementara variabel independennya adalah jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi dan fast food, preferensi fast food, sikap terhadap fast food, pendidikan terakhir ayah, pendidikan terakhir ibu, pekerjaan ayah, pekerjaan ibu, pengaruh peer group, penggunaan layanan Online Food Delivery (OFD), uang saku, serta pengaruh media sosial. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei tahun 2024 kepada 160 siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian angket secara daring (online). Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar, yaitu sebanyak 80% remaja mengonsumsi fast food modern dengan frekuensi sering (≥ 3 kali/minggu). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara preferensi fast food (p-value = 0,036; OR = 2,534; 95% CI = 1,128 - 5,691), pendidikan terakhir ayah (p-value = 0,000; OR = 10,290; 95% CI = 2,983 – 35,495), pendidikan terakhir ibu (p-value = 0,007; OR = 3,824; 95% CI = 1,474 – 9,918), pengaruh peer group (p-value = 0,018; OR = 2,778; 95% CI = 1,248 – 6,183), uang saku (p-value = 0,040; OR = 2,459; 95% CI = 1,115 – 5,426), dan pengaruh media sosial (p-value = 0,048; OR = 2,434; 95% CI = 1,086 – 5,455) dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada remaja. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar para remaja membatasi frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern (< 3 kali/minggu) dan beralih ke pola hidup yang lebih sehat dengan mengonsumsi makanan yang bergizi seimbang, yaitu mengandung karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serta sayur dan buah yang cukup. Selain itu, para remaja juga disarankan untuk membatasi konsumsi gula, garam, dan lemak.

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Modern fast food is a type of fast food that originates from foreign countries, typically from Western countries, or a type of domestic fast food that has characteristics resembling foreign fast food, such as fried chicken, french fries, pizza, and others. Generally, modern fast food has an unbalanced nutritional content, being high in calories, fat, protein, and salt. Excessive consumption of modern fast food can negatively impact adolescent health, leading to issues like overweight and obesity, which in turn increase the risk of various degenerative diseases in the future. This study aims to identify factors associated with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among adolescents at SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta in 2024. The dependent variable in this study is the frequency of modern fast food consumption. The independent variables are gender, nutrition and fast food knowledge, fast food preference, attitude towards fast food, father's latest education, mother's latest education, father's occupation, mother's occupation, peer group influence, use of Online Food Delivery (OFD) services, pocket money, and social media influence. This research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was conducted in May 2024 on 160 students from grades X and XI at SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through online questionnaires. The collected data was then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that the majority, 80% of adolescents, consume modern fast food frequently (≥ 3 times/week). The study also reveals significant relationships between fast food preference (p-value = 0,036; OR = 2,534; 95% CI = 1,128 - 5,691), father's latest education (p-value = 0,000; OR = 10,290; 95% CI = 2,983 – 35,495), mother's latest education (p-value = 0,007; OR = 3,824; 95% CI = 1,474 – 9,918), peer group influence (p-value = 0,018; OR = 2,778; 95% CI = 1,248 – 6,183), pocket money (p-value = 0,040; OR = 2,459; 95% CI = 1,115 – 5,426), and social media influence (p-value = 0,048; OR = 2,434; 95% CI = 1,086 – 5,455) with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among adolescents. Therefore, it is recommended that adolescents limit their frequency of modern fast food consumption (< 3 times/week) and switch to a healthier lifestyle by consuming nutritionally balanced foods, which contains adequate amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, as well as vegetables and fruits. Additionally, adolescents are also advised to limit their intake of sugar, salt, and fat.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebiasaan konsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast food) pada siswa-siswi SMAN 46 Jakarta selama masa pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Besar sampel dihitung menggunakan rumus estimasi proporsi dan proportionate sampling untuk perhitungan sampel pada setiap tingkatan kelasnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November-Desember 2021 kepada 253 siswa-siswi kelas X, XI, dan XII SMAN 46 Jakarta yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified sampling dan kuota untuk pengambilan pada setiap stratanya. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner daring berupa google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 70,4% siswa-siswi sering mengonsumsi fast food. Hasil faktor predisposisi yaitu tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu tinggi sebesar 88,1% dan 87,4%, siswa memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang terkait gizi seimbang dan fast food sebesar 58,1%, serta sikap yang positif sebesar 51,4%. Hasil faktor pemungkin menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 57,7% siswa memiliki jarak tempat tinggal yang sedang (1-5 kilometer) ke gerai makanan fast food terdekat dan sebesar 53,4% sering menggunakan layanan pesan-antar makanan online. Hasil faktor penguat menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 55,7% siswa tidak didukung keluarga untuk mengonsumsi fast food, 54,5% siswa didukung teman sebaya, dan 68,8% siswa terpengaruh media sosial.

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The study aimed to describe the fast food consumption habits of students at SMAN 46 Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. This study is a descriptive quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The sample size is calculated using estimation and proportionate sampling for each stratum. This research was conducted in November-December 2021 among 253 students in grades X, XI, and XII of SMAN 46 Jakarta, who were selected using a stratified sampling and quotas technique for dataa collection at each grade level. Data was collected by filling out a questionnaire of Google form. The results showed that 70.4% of students often consumed fast food. The results of predisposing factors are that both fathers and mothers have high education levels by 88.1% and 87.4%, respectively, students have less knowledge related to nutrition and fast food by 58.1%, and positive attitudes by 51.4%. The results of the enabling factors showed that 57.7% of students have a moderate distance from their residence (1–5 kilometers) to the nearest fast food outlet, and 53.4% often use online food delivery services. The results of the reinforcing factors showed that 55.7% of students were not supported by their families to consume fast food, 54.5% of students were supported by their peers, and 68.8% of students were influenced by social media."

"Rendahnya tingkat literasi pangan dan gizi pada remaja dapat membentuk perilaku makan tidak sehat dan dapat berlangsung hingga dewasa, hal ini dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mereka. Literasi pangan dan gizi dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, kebiasaan makan keluarga, pengaruh teman sebaya, penggunaan media, dan peran guru. Untuk melihat faktor dominan tingkat literasi pangan dan gizi berdasarkan faktor tersebut, dilakukan penelitian studi cross-sectional pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2021. Penelitian melibatkan 135 siswa/i SMA Negeri 3 Depok, dipilih menggunakan metode quota sampling serta pengisian kuesioner secara daring. Hasil penelitian menemukan sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat literasi pangan dan gizi yang baik yaitu sebesar 71,1%. Hasil bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna pada tingkat literasi pangan dan gizi remaja hanya berdasarkan penggunaan media (p-value=0,000) serta penggunaan media merupakan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan tingkat literasi pangan dan gizi remaja (OR = 6,5). Untuk itu, faktor penggunaan media pada remaja dapat dipertimbangkan dalam upaya meningkatkan literasi pangan dan gizi para siswa/i.

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The low level of food and nutrition literacy in adolescents tends to develop unhealthy eating behaviors which last until adulthood, this can affect their health. Food and nutrition literacy can be influenced by various factors, such as gender, education level of father and mother, family income, family eating habits, peer influence, media use, and the role of teacher. To see the dominant factor in the level of food and nutrition literacy based on these factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2021. The study involved 135 students of SMA Negeri 3 Depok, selected using the quota sampling method and filling out online questionnaires. The results of the study found that most of the respondents had a good level of food and nutrition literacy, which was 71.1%. The bivariate and multivariate results showed that there was a significant difference in the proportion of food literacy and adolescent nutrition based only on media use (p-value = 0.000) and media use was the most dominant factor associated with adolescent food and nutrition literacylevels (OR = 6.5). For this reason, the factor of media use in adolescents can be considered in an effort to improve food and nutrition literacy for students.

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"Keadaan gizi kurang atau lebih terjadi karena kegagalan mencapai konsumsi gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pola konsumsi mahasiswa UNJ - Rawamangun, seperti jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi dan sikap pemenuhan gizi. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis terhadap data sekunder yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2001. Pengambilan data secara cross-sectional dilakukan terhadap 327 mahasiswa UNJ tahun 2000. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dan multivariat dengan perangkat komputer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 48 % responden memiliki pola konsumsi yang balk. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p < 0,05) antara status sosial ekonomi dan sikap pemenuhan gizi dengan pola konsumsi mahasiswa UNJ. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan kepada pengelola program kesehatan dan program pendidikan agar diberikan penyuluhan gizi yang diharapkan dapat mengubah sikap pemenuhan gizi yang positif. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan mengukur jumlah konsumsi atau asupan gizi mahasiswa UNJ untuk mengetahui pola konsumsinya.

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Factors Associated to Meal Pattern of Students in Universitas Negeri Jakarta, in 2000The under nutrition and over nutrition occurs doe to the failure in balance nutrition. The objective of this study is to investigate related the meal pattern of students in Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) - Rawamangun, such as a gender, socio-economic status, nutritional knowledge and the attitude of nutritive food.

This study used secondary data analysis that carried out in June 2001. A cross-sectional study was conducted with sample of 327 students districts in Universitas Negeri Jakarta were collected in 2000. Data analysis conducted of logistic regression analysis and multivariable method was done using statistic package.

The result showed that 48 % of respondent have a good meal pattern. There were significant correlations between socio-economic status and attitude to the nutritive food with students meal pattern (p < 0,05).

The nutritional education program to promote nutritional guidelines should be conducted forward good attitude of nutritive food.

Hopefully another study could be conducted to know a better and stronger association between meal pattern with food consumption or food intake."

"The impact of Urbanization to food habits and socio-demographic characteristics was examined by comparing a total of 150 elderly subjects from rural, low income urban and middle income urban community (50 in each area) in Bandung district, West Java. All subjects had the same ethnicity (Sundanese). Urban subjects should migrated to the city for at least 30 years.

Data collection was done from January to March 1996. The data was collected through personal interview, anthropometric assessment and in-depth interview to selected individuals. These data collection was aimed to obtain information on food habits, health status, psychological well-being and nutritional status. Changes in food habits was gathered by using list of food which included current and past consumption frequency. Health status data was collected through subjective health reported by the subjects. Nutritional status was assessed by using several anthropometric measurement namely weight, height, armspan and calf circumference.

Changes in consumption frequency of several food items were found between current and past situation and also among areas. Several indicators of psychological well-being were also found significantly different among the three areas. No difference of nutritional status indices among areas were found."