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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai analisis kebijakan bea keluar atas komoditikelapa sawit dan biji kakao. Pemerintah memiliki kewenangan untuk menetapkantarif yang digunakan sebagai instrumen kebijakan fiskal menahan ekspor yangterus meningkat. Tarif progresif yang ditetapkan bertujuan untuk mengikuti hargapasar internasional yang fluktuatif, untuk menjaga kebutuhan dalam negeri, sertameningkatkan program hilirisasi dalam industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untukmengetahui bagaimana proses pembuatan kebijakan bea keluar atas keduakomoditi ini karena pertimbangan yang ada dalam peraturan tersebut tidak cukup.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis datakualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perlakuanantar kedua komoditi tersebut karena terdapat perbedaan karakteristik baik darisegi tanaman, tujuan serta kepentingan yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini jugamenunjukkan bahwa perubahan tarif yang terjadi dikarenakan adanya harga pasaryang tidak menentu.

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ABSTRACTThis Thesis discussed about the analysis of difference in treatment over tax policyfor palm and cocoa. The government has the authority to set tariff which is usedas fiscal instrument to restrain the increasing export. A progressive tariffs set tofollow the rise and fall of the international market price, to keep domesticdemand, and to increase the downstream industry program. This research wasconducted to know how the process of policy making about duties of cocoa andpalm because consideration of each regulation is not enough. This research usesqualitative approach with qualitative data collection procedures. The results ofthis research show there is a difference treatment for both commodities as both ofthem have different characteristic in terms of crops, goals, and interests. Thisresearch also shows that the tariff changes due the fluctuate market price."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai proses formulasi kebijakan insentif Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan atas lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan (wawancara mendalam) dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses formulasi kebijakan insentif Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan bagi lahan pertanian berlangsung pada saat pembahasan Raperda Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan. Pembuatan Kebijakan Insentif tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh posisi Kabupaten Sleman yang strategis sehingga rawan akan fenomena konversi lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian, dan alternatif kebijakan yang dipilih sebagai insentif Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan bagi lahan pertanian adalah pengurangan tarif Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan yang kemudian dicantumkan dalam Pasal 8 Peraturan daerah tersebut.

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This undergraduate thesis was conducted to get a overview of how the process of formulations policy property tax incentive on agricultural land in the Sleman Regency. This study used a qualitative approach to techniques of collecting data through field reasearch (Indepth-Interview) and literatur study. The results of this research show that the process of formulation policy property tax insentive on agricultural land takes place at the time of the discussion of the draft regulation the number 11 in 2012 about the rural and urban property tax. The incentive policies backed by the creation of the strategic position of Sleman Regency so prone to the phenomenon of conversion of farmland to non farmland, and alternative policy chosen as tax incentives for agricultural land is the reduction of tax rates was then be stated in the section 8 regulations of the area."

"Kebijakan PMK.124/PMK.011/2013 dikeluarkan untuk menjaga stabilisasi perekonomian nasional karena ada krisis ekonomi yang terjadi di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh kebijakan the Fed, defisit neraca perdagangan dan defisit transaksi berjalan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa latar belakang pemberian insentif pajak dan implikasinya terhadap wajib pajak industri tekstil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif dan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pemerintah memberikan insentif pajak kepada industri tekstil karena penyumbang devisa terbesar non-migas, penyerapan tenaga kerja yang besar, dan selalu mengalami surplus ekspor. Sedangkan implikasi bagi pemerintah dan industri tekstil adalah pengurangan pendapatan negara selama September-Desember 2013, tidak terjadinya pemutusan hubungan kerja, dan cash flow perusahaan yang lebih sehat.

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The policy of PMK.124/PMK.011/2013 to keep the stabilization of national economy due to economic crisis in Indonesia caused by Fed policy, trade deficit and current account deficit. The purpose of this research was to analyze background and implications of tax incentives to taxpayers textile industry. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive design and method of data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews and literature studies.

The results of this research is that the government give tax incentives to the textile industry as the largest foreign exchange earner of non-oil and gas, large employment, and always had a surplus of exports. While the implications for government and textile industry is the reduction in state revenue during the September to December 2013, the non-occurrence of a termination, and the company's cash flow become more healthier."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi kebijakan pada penerapan tarif progresif dalam rangka pelaksanaan pemungutan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan di DKI Jakarta dimaksudkan untuk memberikan progresivitas sehingga dapat dirasakan adil bagi Wajib Pajak. Namun pada penerapan kebijakannya ditemukan permasalahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan dalam penerapan tarif progresif PBB P2 di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap aktor-aktor pelaksana kebijakan dan studi literatur. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yakni implementasi penerapan tarif progresif PBB P2 yang belum baik ditinjau dari realisasi penerimaan PBB P2 tahun 2013 sebesar Rp 3.372.759.801.356 atau 93,79% yang belum optimal serta kendala dalam pelaksanaan penerapan tarif progresif PBB P2 berupa resistensi dari masyarakat DKI Jakarta dan upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut.

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ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis discusses about implementation of progressive rates of land and building tax on rural and urban sector collection intended to provide a progression that can be perceived fairly for the taxpayer. However, the implementation of policies found problems. This study aims to analyze policy implementation in the application of progressive rates of land and building tax on rural and urban sector collection in Jakarta. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews of the actors implementing the policy and literature review. The results of this research is the implementation of application of progressive rates of land and building tax on rural and urban sector is not good in terms of realization of the land and building tax on rural and urban sector acceptance in 2013 is IDR 3,372,759,801,356, or 93.79%, which is not optimal and obstacle in the implementation of progressive rates the land and building tax on rural and urban sector such as resistance from people of Jakarta and government efforts to overcome that obstacle."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang analisis kebijakan optimalisasi pajak daerah dari kendaraan bermotor dalam mendukung infrastruktur jalan dan sarana transportasi di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivistme dengan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya kebijakan optimalisasi pajak daerah yang beragam sesuai jenis pajak dari kendaraan bermotor antara lain dengan cara melakukan koordinasi dengan dinas kependudukan untuk meningkatkan akurasi tarif pajak progresif, himbauan untuk mendaftarkan diri dan melaporkan transaksi jual beli kendaraan milik Wajib Pajak, Optimalisasi Nilai Jual Kendaraan Bermotor, melakukan kerjasama dengan KPK dan BPKP untuk memeriksa penyedia bahan bakar, Penagihan piutang pajak, pengukuhan wajib pajak dan optimalisasi online system. Masalah yang dihadapi dalam melakukan pengoptimalan pajak daerah adalah rendahnya kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakan, lemahnya penegakan hukum, belum tervalidasi dengan baik data Wajib Pajak, turunnya jumlah penjualan kendaraan bermotor, adanya perbedaan tarif pajak kendaraan bermotor antar wilayah di DKI Jakarta, kebijakan mobil murah, minat masyarakat yang kurang untuk melakukan bea balik nama, kurangnya ketebukaan informasi terkait delivery order pada penjualan bahan bakar, dan belum terlaksananya program pemindahan on street ke off street. Disarankan untuk segera menerapkan tarif pajak progresif yang baru, melakukan sinkronisasi database Dinas Pelayanan Pajak DKI Jakarta dengan pengelola parkir secara online system dan menaikan tarif parkir.

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ABSTRACTThis research describes the analysis of the optimization of vehicle local tax policy to support road and transportation infrastructure development in DKI Jakarta. This research uses a post positivist approach with qualitative data analysis. Result of this research is describes that the optimization of vehicle local tax policy which is applied variously based on the vehicle tax can be obtained by doing several action, such as; working together with the office of Demographic Affairs to increase the accuracy of progressive tax rate, appealing the taxpayer to register and to report their vehicle trading activities, optimizing the vehicle sales value, working together with KPK and BPKP to evaluate the fuel supplier, collecting of outstanding tax receivables, strengthening the registration of taxpayer and optimize online system. Problems encountered in conducting the optimization of vehicle local tax policy can be identified as follow, lack of tax compliance, minimum law enforcement, the taxpayer data is not well validated, declining number of vehicle sales, different tax rate applied within DKI Jakarta, application of low cost green car (LCGC) policy, less public interest to do a transfer of vehicle tax, undisclosed information in refer to the delivery order of fuel distribution and the transfer program on street to off street parking not yet implemented. It is advised to immediately apply the new progressive tax rate, synchronize the database between data at the tax office and parking operator by using online system and increasing the parking tariff, This research describes the analysis of the optimization of vehicle local tax policy to support road and transportation infrastructure development in DKI Jakarta. This research uses a post positivist approach with qualitative data analysis. Result of this research is describes that the optimization of vehicle local tax policy which is applied variously based on the vehicle tax can be obtained by doing several action, such as; working together with the office of Demographic Affairs to increase the accuracy of progressive tax rate, appealing the taxpayer to register and to report their vehicle trading activities, optimizing the vehicle sales value, working together with KPK and BPKP to evaluate the fuel supplier, collecting of outstanding tax receivables, strengthening the registration of taxpayer and optimize online system. Problems encountered in conducting the optimization of vehicle local tax policy can be identified as follow, lack of tax compliance, minimum law enforcement, the taxpayer data is not well validated, declining number of vehicle sales, different tax rate applied within DKI Jakarta, application of low cost green car (LCGC) policy, less public interest to do a transfer of vehicle tax, undisclosed information in refer to the delivery order of fuel distribution and the transfer program on street to off street parking not yet implemented. It is advised to immediately apply the new progressive tax rate, synchronize the database between data at the tax office and parking operator by using online system and increasing the parking tariff]"

"In 2015, along with the implementation of taxpayer development year, DGT as an extension of government released a policy which facilitates the elimination of administrative sanction through filing. This policy is also refered to as reinventing policy. A similar policy was also enacted in 2008, under the name of sunset policy. Government released these policies in order to increase state revenue derived from tax sector which has been considered as unable to reach the maximum amount of revenue and to strengthen the database owned by DGT. This research was a study case about the evaluation of the 2008 sunset policy and 2015 reinventing policy that were implemented in a Pratama-level tax office in Depok Cimanggis. This was a qualitative research and its result indicated that sunset policy was successful in increasing the obedience of taxpayers as well as increasing tax revenue for that particular tax office. On the contrary, reinventing policy in 2015 was considered unsuccessful in terms of increasing obedience as well as tax revenue."

"Dalam rangka merealisasi pertumbuhan ekonomi agar meningkatkan daya serap tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, telah terjadi peningkatan kegiatan industri. Peningkatan kegiatan industri yang mengandalkan energi fosil dalam jangka panjang dapat memicu kontribusi emisi semakin tinggi yang tidak diperhitungan melalui pasar produsen dan konsumen. Perlu upaya pemerintah agar terjadi transformasi pergeseran dari industri tinggi karbon (high carbon industries) ke aktivitas industri ke arah resoruces efficiency dan mendorong penggunaan sumber energi baru terbarukan menuju industri rendah karbon (low carbon industries). Seperti yang terjadi di berbagai Negara, untuk mendorong investasi dan kegiatan di sektor industri rendah karbon, Pemerintah memberikan berbagai insentif pajak. Namun berbagai insentif yang secara fiscal juga merupakan subsidi pemerintah melalui pengorbanan penerimaan pajak tersebut, dirasakan belum cukup efektif. Disertasi ini bertujuan merekonstruksi kebijakan insentif pajak untuk mendorong industri rendah karbon. Analisa hasil penelitian dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan dan mengevaluasi kondisi kebijakan insentif pajak saat ini, menganalisa faktor-faktor penghambat dan kelemahan instrumen kebijakan insentif pajak serta mengusulkan desain rekonstruksi kebijakan insentif pajak yang dapat dibangun menuju industri rendah karbon di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kronstruktivisme dan menggunakan qualitatif system dynamics. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan insentif pajak masih diberikan secara parsial, tersebar, serta belum terfokus pada upaya penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) pada sektor industri sehingga kebijakan insentif pajak dinilai masih belum efektif. Berdasarkan lima kriteria prinsip perpajakan yang ideal menunjukkan bahwa administrasi pelaksanaan pemberian insentif pajak tidak sederhana. Insentif pajak tidak bersifat netral dan tidak menarik industri karena tidak ekonomis. Peraturan pajak yang tidak transparan dan birokrasi pemerintah telah menghambat sehingga implementasinya masih sulit. Hambatan dan kelemahan pemberian insentif pajak yaitu kurangnya koordinasi para implementor kebijakan, pengukuran insentif yang belum optimal, tidak adanya blueprint pengembangan industri, dan kebijakan yang tidak memihak industri dalam negeri dan industri kecil. Desain rekonstruksi kebijakan insentif pajak yang diusulkan harus mempertimbangkan empat aspek yaitu prinsip pemberian insentif pajak, bentuk insentif pajak, manfaat insentif pajak dan syarat pemberian insentif pajak. Desain rekonstruksi insentif pajak yang ditawarkan diyakini dapat menjadi kunci untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku industri ke arah efisiensi energi dan beralih ke energi baru terbarukan untuk mendorong industri rendah karbon dan menghasilkan keunggulan kompetitif.

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To realize the economic growth that absorpt of labor and improve the welfare society there has been an increase in industrial activities.The increase of industrial activities which still rely on fossil fuels in the long term can lead to higher emission contribution. This emission is not calculated in producer and consumer markets. It should be the government's efforts to transform high-carbon industries to resources efficiency of industrial activity. The government also should encourage the use of renewable energy sources towards low carbon industries. In many countries, to encourage investment and activities at low carbon industries, the goverment provide the tax incentives. However various fiscal incentives which are also a government subsidy through the sacrifice of the tax revenue, is not effective. This research is aimed to analize why the reconstruction design of tax incentives policies is needed that would lead to lowcarbon industries.

This research applies qualitative system dynamics and Nvivo. The evaluation result show that the tax incentives schemes are granted partial, scattered, and have not focused on efforts to reduce green house gases (GHG) emissions in the industrial sectors thus tax incentive policies have not been effective.The evaluation results based on five ideal principles of taxation show that the tax administration implementation are not simple. In addition, tax incentives are not neutral and not efficient. Further, tax rules are not transparent and the government bureaucracy implementation is still complicated.

Barriers and weaknesses of the tax incentives are caused by firstly, lack of coordination among the policy implementor, secondly, insentives measurements are not optimal, thirdly, lack of industrial development blueprint and lastly, policies tend to be pro-capitalist. The reconstruction of proposed tax incentive policies have to consider four aspects which consists of the principle of grant, the type, the benefit and the terms of tax incentives. Reconstruction design of tax incentives offered is believed to be the key driving to change industry behavior towards energy efficiency, switching the use of conventional energy toward renewable energy, encouraging low-carbon industries and generating competitive advantage."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika politik yang terjadi saat kebijakan Devolusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Indonesia diimplementasikan di DKI Jakarta. Kebijakan Devolusi PBB-P2 ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan finansial pemerintah daerah dan juga untuk meningkatkan proses demokrasi di tingkat daerah. Selain ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan pemerintah daerah, pelaksanaan Devolusi PBB-P2 juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan intensitas komunikasi politik antara rakyat dengan pemerintah daerahnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Devolusi PBB-P2 merupakan langkah tepat dalam kerangka desentralisasi fiskal untuk mendukung otonomi daerah, karena terbukti memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi APBD Pemerintah DKI Jakarta dari sektor penerimaan pajak. Melalui Peraturan Daerah Gubernur DKI Jakarta diberikan wewenang untuk melakukan penyesuaian NJOP setiap tahunnya melalui Peraturan Gubernur. Dalam perjalanannya, masyarakat DKI Jakarta mengeluhkan penyesuaian NJOP yang dilakukan oleh Gubernur karena berdampak pada tingginya jumlah kenaikan PBB-P2 yang harus dibayarkan masyarakat. Hal ini kemudian berdampak pada munculnya gejolak politik di masyarakat yang memunculkan isu penggusuran masyarakat kelas menengah ke bawah ke luar Jakarta sehingga Jakarta hanya akan dihuni oleh masyarakat kelas menengah ke atas yang mayoritas berasal dari etnis tertentu. Gejolak politik ini kemudian membuat Gubernur DKI Jakarta mengeluarkan Peraturan yang memberikan pembebasan pembayaran PBB-P2 bagi masyarakat dengan NJOP di bawah Rp 1 Miliar. Kebijakan ini dinilai sangat meringankan masyarakat kelas menengah ke bawah, namun di sisi lain kebijakan ini dianggap sebagai langkah Gubernur untuk mencari dukungan politik dalam menyambut Pilgub tahun 2017 mendatang. Pandangan ini didasari akan fakta bahwa Pergub hanya bersifat sementara dan dapat berubah setiap tahunnya. Implikasi teori menunjukkan bahwa belum adanya pemahaman akan pajak sebagai instrumen politik yang berdimensi sosio-politik dan sosio ekonomi seperti yang disebutkan oleh Edi Slamet Irianto.

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This study discusses the political dynamics that occur when the policy of Devolution of Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) in Indonesia is implemented in Jakarta. PBB-P2 Devolution policies aimed to improve the financial capability of local governments and also to improve the democratic process at the local. In addition aimed to increase the income of local government, the implementation of the devolution of land and property tax is also expected to increase the intensity of political communication between the people and local authorities. This thesis used qualitative method with descriptive approach.

The results of this thesis indicate that the devolution of land and building tax is a right chioce to support regional autonomy in the fiscal decentralization framework. It is shown that the devolution of land and property tax provide additional revenue for the budget of the local government from tax revenue. Trough Local Regulations, Jakarta Governor is authorized to make adjustments of Appraisal of Taxable Value annually through Governor Regulation. In practice, the people of Jakarta complained the adjusment Appraisal of Taxable Value that set by the governor because it resulted in higher taxes to be paid. This condition then led to political turmoil in the society. Some people said that Governor wants to evict lower middle class society to move outside Jakarta so Jakarta would only occupied by upper middle class society which is mostly dominated by a particular ethnic.

This political turmoil led the Governor to issue the regulation which gives Land and Building tax exemption for people who have Land and Building whose value below one million rupiah. This policy is considered to be very alleviate to lower-middle class, but on the other side of this policy is considered as a strategy from Governor to seeking political support in welcoming the governor's election in the year 2017. This view is based on the fact that Guvernor Regulation is only temporary and are subject to change annually. Implications of the theory suggests that there is still little understanding of the taxes as a political instrument, which has dimension of socio-political and socio-economic as mentioned by Edi Slamet Irianto."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang aplikasi kebijakan pemberian insentif pajak dan kepabeanan terhadap kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan iptek yang dilakukan oleh badan usaha. Latar belakang masalah adalah bahwa perlu adanya dukungan pemerintah terhadap perkembangan penelitian dan pengembangan iptek di Indonesia yaitu melalui kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Selain itu adanya pengaturan-pengaturan yang berbeda tentang pemberian insentif pajak dan kepabeanan yang dibentuk oleh kementerian dan lembaga serta bagaimana kementerian dan lembaga melaksanakan kebijakan pemerintah tersebut. Kegunaan penelitian ini akan memberikan rekomendasi dalam mengaplikasikan kebijakan pemerintah dalam hal pemberian insentif pajak dan kepabeanan terhadap kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan iptek yang dilakukan oleh badan usaha. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mendorong pemerintah untuk memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pelaksanaan suatu kebijakan dan mencegah tumpang tindih level pengaturan peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga memudahkan badan usaha untuk menggunakan fasilitas yang diatur dalam kebijakan ini, dengan demikian juga meningkatkan perkembangan iptek dalam negeri.

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This thesis discusses the application of tax policy and customs incentives for science and technology research and development activities conducted by enterprises. The background of the problem is that the need for government support for the development of the research and development of science and technology in Indonesia is through the policies issued by the government. Besides the different arrangements on tax and customs incentives set up by ministries and agencies as well as how the ministries and agencies implement government policy.

The usefulness of this study will provide recommendations to apply government policy in terms of tax and customs incentives for science and technology research and development activities conducted by enterprises. Research conducted by the authors is a normative legal research.

Results of this study are encouraging the government to provide legal certainty in the implementation of a policy and prevent overlapping levels of regulation of legislation making it easier for enterprises to use the facilities set out in this policy, thereby also increasing the development of science and technology in the country."