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"[ABSTRAKListrik adalah kebutuhan pokok untuk kegiatan dan aktivitas manusia, terutama untuk kegiatan ekonomi. PLTU Suralaya adalah PLTU berbahan bakar batubara, yang mempunyai kapasitas untuk menghasil listrik yang murah namun juga menghasil polusi yang besar juga. PLTU Suralaya menghasilkan listrik yang digunakan untuk seluruh penduduk yang terhubung pada jaringan Jawa, Madura dan Bali, namun polusi udara yang dihasilkan memiliki perilaku-perilaku tertentu dan berdampak pada penduduk di sekitar PLTU Suralaya. Atas dasar dari deskripsi tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perilaku spasial polusi udara yang terbentuk dan efek apa saja yang dialami penduduk yang berdomisili di sekitar PLTU Suralaya. Dalam penelitian ini, untuk menentukan polusi udara menggunakan zat SO2 sebagai indikatornya. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pemetaan dan pengolahan citra satelit, survey, dan wawancara.Perilaku Spasial pencemaran polusi udara terbentuk 4 fase, yakni : fase I (musim penghujan), fase II (musim peralihan kemarau), fase III (musim kemarau), dan fase IV (musim peralihan hujan). Perilaku spasial pencemaran polusi udara tahun 2005 adalah mengikuti pola pergerakkan angin muson. Sedangkan perilaku spasial pencemaran polusi udara tahun 2014 memiliki pergerakkan dari barat menuju timur. Efek dari polusi polusi udara tidak dirasakan oleh PLTU Suralaya, namun efeknya dirasakan di area lain yakni Kota Cilegon

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ABSTRACTElectricity is a basic need for human activity, mainly for economic activities. PLTU Suralaya is a coal-fired power plant, which has the capacity to produce cheap electricity but also generate substantial pollution as well. PLTU Suralaya generate electricity that is used for the entire population residing in Java, Madura and Bali, but the resulting air pollution have spatial behaviors and the impacts on residents around Suralaya. On the basis of this description, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial behavior of air pollution is formed and any effects experienced by people who live around Suralaya. In this research, SO2 will be used for indicator as air pollution. The method used in this research is a method of mapping and satellite image processing, surveys, and interviews.Spatial Behavior of air pollution formed four phases, namely: Phase I (rainy season), phase II (intermediate dry season), Phase III (dry season), and phase IV (transition rainy season). Spatial behavior of air pollution in 2005 was followed the movement pattern of the monsoons. While the spatial behavior of air pollution in 2014 has movement from west to east. Effects of air pollution is not felt by residents in Suralaya, but the effect is felt in other areas of the Cilegon;Electricity is a basic need for human activity, mainly for economic activities. PLTU Suralaya is a coal-fired power plant, which has the capacity to produce cheap electricity but also generate substantial pollution as well. PLTU Suralaya generate electricity that is used for the entire population residing in Java, Madura and Bali, but the resulting air pollution have spatial behaviors and the impacts on residents around Suralaya. On the basis of this description, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial behavior of air pollution is formed and any effects experienced by people who live around Suralaya. In this research, SO2 will be used for indicator as air pollution. The method used in this research is a method of mapping and satellite image processing, surveys, and interviews.Spatial Behavior of air pollution formed four phases, namely: Phase I (rainy season), phase II (intermediate dry season), Phase III (dry season), and phase IV (transition rainy season). Spatial behavior of air pollution in 2005 was followed the movement pattern of the monsoons. While the spatial behavior of air pollution in 2014 has movement from west to east. Effects of air pollution is not felt by residents in Suralaya, but the effect is felt in other areas of the Cilegon, Electricity is a basic need for human activity, mainly for economic activities. PLTU Suralaya is a coal-fired power plant, which has the capacity to produce cheap electricity but also generate substantial pollution as well. PLTU Suralaya generate electricity that is used for the entire population residing in Java, Madura and Bali, but the resulting air pollution have spatial behaviors and the impacts on residents around Suralaya. On the basis of this description, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial behavior of air pollution is formed and any effects experienced by people who live around Suralaya. In this research, SO2 will be used for indicator as air pollution. The method used in this research is a method of mapping and satellite image processing, surveys, and interviews.Spatial Behavior of air pollution formed four phases, namely: Phase I (rainy season), phase II (intermediate dry season), Phase III (dry season), and phase IV (transition rainy season). Spatial behavior of air pollution in 2005 was followed the movement pattern of the monsoons. While the spatial behavior of air pollution in 2014 has movement from west to east. Effects of air pollution is not felt by residents in Suralaya, but the effect is felt in other areas of the Cilegon]"

"Batubara mempunyai peran utama sebagai sumber energi dalam upaya menyediakan pasokan listrik global, terhitung hampir 40% dari konsumsi global. Indonesia masih bergantung kepada batubara sebagai bahan bakar PLTU karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah, harga batubara yang murah dan biaya produksi yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan biaya produksi menggunakan bahan bakar lain. Namun, kelemahan pemanfaatan batubara adalah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan polusi udara. Salah satu emisi terbesar yang dihasilkan PLTU batubara adalah emisi CO2 yang dapat mengakibatkan Global Warming Potential (GWP) atau pemanasan global dan emisi SO2 yang dapat mengakibatkan Acidification Potential (AP) atau pengasaman kondisi udara. Total emisi GWP di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 adalah sebesar 889 MT CO2 eq, Indonesia perlu mengurangi tingkat emisi hingga dibawah 662 MTCO2 eq pada tahun 2030 dan dibawah 51 MTCO2 eq pada tahun 2050, agar berada dalam kisaran 'fair-share' yang kompatibel dengan skenario Paris Agreeement. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengurangi emisi GWP dan AP dari sektor kelistrikan adalah dengan meningkatkan peran energi baru dan terbarukan dalam bauran energi Indonesia dari 11.4% pada tahun 2019 menjadi 23% pada tahun 2028. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh nilai emisi CO2 dan SO2 serta dampak lingkungannya, yaitu GWP dengan parameter ton CO2-eq / GWh dan AP dengan parameter ton-SO2 eq / GWh. Metode LCA terdiri dari tujuan dan definisi ruang lingkup, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) dan interpretasi. Batasan sistem LCA pada penelitian ini adalah gate to gate LCA. Objek penelitian ini adalah salah satu PLTU batubara terbesar di Indonesia yang menggunakan batubara kalori sedang. Simulasi LCA dengan menggunakan SimaPro 9.0 mendapatkan nilai Global Warming Potential sebesar 783-ton CO2e/GWh dan Acidification Potential sebesar 0.599-ton SO2e/GWh. Berdasarkan nilai GWP hasil perhitungan LCA, didapat total emisi GWP dari PLTU batubara tahun 2019 sebesar 138,6 MT CO2 eq. Jika Indonesia tidak melakukan upaya yang optimal (business as usual), maka pada tahun 2030 emisi GWP Indonesia akan mencapai 1.817 MT CO2e. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya agar kenaikan emisi GWP, khususnya dari PLTU batubara yang memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar agar sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia dalam Paris Agreeement.

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Coal has a major role as an energy source in an effort to provide global electricity supply, accounting for nearly 40% of global consumption. Indonesia still depends on coal as the fuel for PLTU because of its abundant availability and the price of production which is cheaper than other fuels. However, the disadvantage of using coal is that it has a significant impact on increasing air pollution. One of the biggest emissions produced by coal-fired power plants is CO2 which can cause Global Warming Potential (GWP) and SO2 which can lead to Acidification Potential (AP) which results in acidification of air conditions. Total GWP emissions in Indonesia in 2019 amounted to 889 MT CO2eq, Indonesia needs to reduce its emissions to below 662 MT CO2eq in 2030 and 51 MT CO2eq in 2050 to be within the 'fair-share' range compatible with the Paris Agreement scenario global 1.5 ° C. One of the efforts made by the government to reduce GWP emissions from the electricity sector is by increasing the share of new and renewable energy in Indonesia's energy mix from 11.4% in 2019 to 23% in 2030. This study aims to obtain the amount of emissions (CO2, CO2) and the environmental impact of GWP and AP with the parameters tones CO2eq / GWh and ton-SO2 eq / GWh from electrical energy generated from the electricity production process at coal-fired power plants based on LCA study with SimaPro 9.0 software. The LCA method consists of the objectives and scope definition, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and interpretation. The limitation of the LCA system in this study is the gate to gate LCA. The object of this research is one of the largest coal power plants in Indonesia which uses medium calorie coal as its fuel. The LCA simulation with SimaPro 9.0 obtained a Global Warming Potential value of 783-ton CO2eq / GWh and an Acidification Potential of 0.599-ton SO2eq / GWh. Total GWP emissions from coal-fired power plants in 2019 amounted to 138.6 MT CO2 eq or 15.5% of Indonesia's total GWP emissions of 889 MT CO2eq. If the government does not make optimal efforts (business as usual), then in 2030 Indonesia's GWP emissions will reach 1,817 MT CO2e. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase GWP emissions, especially from coal-fired power plants, which make a large enough contribution in line with Indonesia's commitment in the Paris Agreement."

"Salah satu pemanfaatan gas suar bakar adalah sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit. Pembangkit Listrik X adalah PLTGU existing yang menghasilkan daya listrik 410 MW dengan menggunakan bahan bakar gas alam sebanyak 87,74 MMSCFD. Pada penelitian ini gas suar bakar akan dijadikan bahan bakar pengganti gas alam untuk membangkitkan listrik 410 MW. Total maksimum laju alir gas suar bakar yang tersedia adalah 7,9 MMSCFD. Pemanfaatan gas suar bakar sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik akan menurunkan biaya bahan bakar namun juga menambah biaya investasi berupa alat kompresor. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dua skenario, yaitu skenario existing menggunakan bahan bakar gas alam dan skenario menggunakan variasi laju alir gas suar bakar terhadap laju alir gas alam sebagai bahan bakar Pembangkit Listrik X. Skenario yang paling memberikan keuntungan dari pada desain existing adalah saat menggunakan laju alir gas suar bakar sebesar 7,9 MMSCFD dengan laju alir gas alam sebesar 79,06 MMSCFD. NPV skenario desain tersebut 56.976.160,22 dengan pay back period 14,84 tahun.

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Utilization of flare gas is as fuel for power plants. Power plant X is the existing gas and steam power plant that generates 410 MW of electrical power using natural gas fuel as much as 87.74 MMSCFD. In this study flare gas will be used as fuel instead of natural gas to generate 410 MW of electricity. The maximum total flare gas flow rate provided is 7.9 MMSCFD. Utilization of flare gas as power plant fuel will reduce fuel costs but also add to the cost of investment of compressor tool.

In this study two scenarios will be compared, the existing scenarios using natural gas fuel and scenarios using a variation of the flow rate of gas flaring on the flow rate of natural gas as fuel for power plants X. Scenario would benefit from the existing design are currently using flow rate gas flare 7,9 MMSCFD and natural gas with flow rate 79,06 MMSCFD. The design scenarios NPV is 56.976.160,22 with a payback period of the plant investation is 14,84 years."