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"Timor Timur menjadi salah satu arena bagi penerapan kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat. Hal ini tampak pada saat Indonesia mulai mengintegrasikan wilayah tersebut ke NKRI, pemerintah AS memberikan dukungan penuh, baik politis maupun security assistance. Namun ketika tokoh komunis Ramos Horta - yang didukung oleh East Timor Action Network (ETAN) yang berbasis di AS - memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Timor Timur, pemerintah AS memberi peluang yang sangat luas bagi lepasnya Timor Timur dari NKR1. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya perubahan kebiiakan AS dalam menghadapi ancaman dan tantangan global yang berorientasi pada keamanan nasionalnya.

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East Timor is one of the arenas for U.S. foreign policy implementation. This matter seemed when Indonesia began to integrate the territorial to Republic of Indonesia, the U.S. Government fully supported both politically and security assistance. But when Ramos Horta - who supported by East Timor Action Network (ETAN) that based in the USA - struggle for East Timor independence, the U.S. Government gave widely oppornmities for the released of East Timor iiom Republic of Indonesia. This situation occurred due to there was a changing on U.S. foreign policy in dealing with global threat and challenging which oriented to its national security."

"Penulisan disertasi ini dilatari suatu penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan di lokasi pemukiman barumasyarakat Timor Timur di wilayah Timor Barat seperti; Kabupaten Kupang, Timor TengahSelatan, Timor Tengah Utara, dan Belu. Hasil Jajak Pendapat Timor Timur 1999 berdampak padapertikaian dan pergolakan antara kelompok prointegrasi dan prokemerdekaan sehingga terjadipengungsian masyarakat secara masif ke Timor Barat. Pengungsian, penerimaan dan penangananmasyarakat Timor Timur di Timor Barat selama tahun 1999-2009 ditempatkan sebagaipermasalahan utama. Karena itu, tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yangmelatarbelakangi pengungsian masyarakat Timor Timur ke Timor Barat pascajajak pendapat 1999.Kemudian menganalisis proses pengungsian masyarakat Timor Timur ke Timor Barat sertapenerimaan dan penangananya selama 1999-2002. Selanjutnya, menganalisis kehidupan sosial,budaya, dan ekonomi masyarakat Timor Timur di lokasi-lokasi pemukiman baru Timor Baratdalam kurun waktu 2002-2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan antara lain; studi lapangan,wawancara masyarakat dan pemerintah, serta studi pustaka dan sumber-sumber sezaman. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan beberapa temuan antara lain; Pertama, terbentuk ragam pergerakan yangberpola dalam proses pengungsian. Kedua, terdapat perubahan konkret yang bermanfaat bagimasyarakat pengungsi, namun ada juga kelemahan dalam penanganan sehingga menimbulkanbanyak permasalahan. Ketiga, masyarakat pengungsi yang relokasi ke pemukiman barumengalami dekadensi hidup sejahtera sehingga harus diberdayakan demi kesejahteraan.

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The writing of the dissertation is based on a field research conducted in the new settlements of

East Timorese community in the West Timor region, such as Kupang Regency, South Central

Timor Regency, North Central Timor Regency, and Belu Regency. The results of the 1999 East

Timor Referendum had an impact on uprising and upheaval between pro-integration and proindependence

groups. It was resulting massive displacement of people to West Timor. The

displacement and handling of the East Timorese people in West Timor during 1999-2009 was

formulated as the main problem. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the factors behind

the displacement of the East Timorese to West Timor after the 1999 Referendum. Then to analyze

the process of refugee of the East Timorese to West Timor related to its acceptance and handling

during 1999-2002. Furthermore, analyzing the social, cultural, and economic life of the East

Timorese people in the new settlements West Timor in the period 2002-2009. The research

methods include field studies, community and government interviews, sources of contemporary

and literature studies. The results of research showed several findings; Firstly, various movements

were patterned in the process of displacement. Secondly, there are concrete changes as beneficial

for the refugee community, but also weaknesses in handling that cause many problems. Thirdly,

refugee communities who have relocated to new settlements have experienced decadence of

prosperity and must be empowered for their welfare."

"The North East after Brexit arises from new research and activities at Northumbria University to shape the future of public sector management in the region. Across a range of new themes and governance, work is focused on how public sector agencies can work better together to shape the Northern economy in the future."