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"Penulisan ini disusundalam penjabaranatas penelitian di Pasar Tanah Abang terkait pungutan liar yang telah membudaya, dianalisis secara kriminologis, dan bertujuan agar dapat memberikan pemahaman mengapa permasalahan tersebut sulit untuk diatasi. Asumsi awal penulis bahwa analisis dapat dilakukan melalui enam focal concernsdari teori budaya kelas menengah ke bawah oleh Walter Miller. Namun, ditemukan bahwa selain enam focal concerns, permasalahan ini terjadi karena adanya hubungan kekeluargaan, informative function of reinforcement, gangguan internal, dan gagalnya pemolisian komunitas. Dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data primer, penulis mewawancarai beberapa warga kawasan Pasar Tanah Abang sebagai pihak yang memahami dan terlibat langsung dengan pungutan liar serta melakukan pengamatan di kawasan tersebut agar dapat memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif. Hingga pada akhirnya setelah memahami mengapa pungutan liar sulit diatasi, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk memberikan saran yang tepat dalam rangka mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan efektif.

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This study is compiled in a form ofelucidation of field research in The Tanah Abang Market, discussed about extortion or illegal payments that has been entrenched, criminology analyzed, and aims to provide an understanding why the problem is difficult to overcome. The initial assumption is the analysis can be done through the six focal concerns of middle-class cultural theory by Walter Miller. However, it was found that in addition to the six focal concerns, this problem occurs because of the ties of kinship, informative function of reinforcement, internal disturbance, and the failure of community policing.

By using primary data collection techniques, the author interviewed several residents around Tanah Abang Market area as the parties who understand and engage directly with the extortion and observed around the region in order to provide a comprehensive explanation. Ultimately, after understanding why the extortion difficult to overcome, this study is expected to be useful in providing the right advices in order to get over these problems effectively."

"International crime and justice is an emerging field that covers crime and justice from a global perspective. This book introduces the nature of international and transnational crimes, theoretical foundations to understanding the relationship between social change and the waxing and waning of the crime opportunity structure, globalization, migration, culture conflicts, and the emerging legal frameworks for their prevention and control. It presents the challenges involved in delivering justice and international cooperative efforts to deter, detect, and respond to international and transnational crimes; and the need for international research and data resources to go beyond anecdote and impressionistic accounts to testing and developing theories to build the discipline that bring tangible improvements to the peace, security and well-being of the globalizing world. A timely analysis of a complex subject of international crime and justice for students, scholars, policymakers and advocates who strive for the pursuit of justice for millions of victims."

"ABSTRAKUpaya pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi sebagai bagian integral dari pencegahan dan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi telah menjadi suatu keharusan disamping menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelakunya. Pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang saat ini diterapkan melalui pemidanaan pengadilan tidak efektif dan efisien ketika aparat penegak hukum dihadapkan pada situasi-situasi sulit akibat pelaku tindak pidana korupsi yang melarikan diri dari proses hukum dengan membawa serta aset hasil tindak pidana korupsinya ke luar yurisdiksi Indonesia. Diperlukan suatu mekanisme alternatif dalam rangka melaksanakan perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang tidak bergantung pada putusan pemidanaan. Mekanisme ini perlu diimplementasikan sebagai bagian dari kebijakan hukum pidana di Indonesia dibarengi penguatan dan sinergitas pelaksanaan kerja sama internasional, mengingat begitu banyak jumlah nilai aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang dialihkan dan disimpan di negara-negara luar.

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ABSTRACTThe effort to return the proceeds of corruption crime as an integral part of the prevention and eradication corruption crime has been an obligation beside to punish the offender itself. The return of the proceeds of crime nowadays through the conviction based asset forfeiture has not been effective and efficient because the law enforcement officers face a difficult circumstances when the offender fled the jurisdictions taking with him the proceeds of corruption crime. It needed an alternative mechanism to confiscate the proceeds of corruption crime which is not dependent on the sentencing conviction as known as the non-conviction based asset forfeiture mechanism. This mechanism should be implemented as an comprehensive part of the criminal law policy in Indonesia side by side with the strengthen effort of international cooperation with foreign jurisdiction as a consequences which should be consider that there too many the value of proceeds of corruption crime removed to foreign jurisdictions."