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"Faktor politik, ekonomi, historis, sosial-budaya dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan pada masyarakat migran. Di dunia terdapat beberapa lokasi migran, di antaranya di sepanjang perbatasan Thailand-Myanmar yang diperkirakan lebih dari 1 juta orang Myanmar bermigrasi ke Thailand. Area tersebut merupakan tempat dengan prevalensi tertinggi malaria di Asia dan peningkatan jumlah penderita Tuberkulosis. Kementerian Kesehatan Thailand dan Myanmar mengadakan pertemuan untuk kerjasama untuk menang-gulangi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di perbatasan tersebut. Sebagai tindak lanjut pertemuan tersebut, Organisasi Kesehatan se Dunia (WHO) yang ditunjang United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), menyediakan dana aktifitas program terebut. Hal ini termasuk diadakannya Program Kesehatan Perbatasan yang dimulai pada tahun 2001. Program ini untuk meningkatkan taraf kesehatan penduduk migrant. Salah satu elemen kunci ialah ialah pengumpulan data dan membuat sistem, koordinasi, pelatihan dan distribusi informasi. Implikasi keberhasilan program terkait dengan koordinasi yang sedang berjalan dengan beberapa pelaku program, termasuk pemerintah, lembaga sosial masyarakat, donor, peneliti, dan beberapa agensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Beberapa hasil program tersebut dapat dijadikan bahan pembelajaran di tempat serupa yang lain, dan memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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AbstractMigrant populations are often vulnerable, and various political, economic, cultural, historical and social situations can make it especially challenging to address public health issues. Not attending to these issues poses increased risks for the migrants, the people in the country they live in, eventually, the rest of the world. There are many locations high density with density population migrants throughout the world, amongst there are the Thailand/Myanmar border it is estimated more than one million migrants have crossed from Myanmar into Thailand. This area has one of Asia?s highest malaria infection rates and an increased prevalence of tuberculosis. In 2000, the Ministers of Health of Thailand and Myanmar met jointly to address the public health issues in the border area. Following this meeting the World Health Organization, supported by United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), provided funding to support program activities. This included the establishment of the Border Health Program which was initiated in 2001. The Thai/Myanmar Border Health Program sought to improve the health of the most vulnerable populations on the border, and key elements of the program were data collection and system development, coordination, training and information distribution. Implicit to the success of the program was ongoing coordination with the various players, including the governments, non-governmental organizations (?NGOs?), donors, researchers and UN agencies. Several lessons were learned which can be applied in similar settings, and needs for research and study were identified."

"This book contains the opinion of Karl Marx's economic critique. Describes the surplus value, profits, commodities, and capital. The book is provided with a name index, an index of authorities and a subject index. "

"In 2021 Thailand’s Ministry of Labour reported that approximately 2.4 million migrant workers had been permitted to work in Thailand, with two-thirds arriving from Myanmar (Samnak Borihan Raeng Ngan Tang Dao Krom Karn Jad Ha Ngan 2021). For decades, this large number of migrant workers from Myanmar has benefited the Thailand-Myanmar border trade, both directly and indirectly, including the remittances that Burmese migrant workers send to their families back home. This paper studies how the economic activities revolving around border trade developed. It describes how informal remittances from Myanmar migrant workers have become one of the key elements of the massive illicit border trade and introduces the possibility of digital technology replacing traditional informal remittance methods. The data presented here was collected by way of semi-structured interviews with 32 Burmese migrant workers living and working in Samutsakorn Province, nine Thai border traders in Mae Sot, officials, and a Thai financial technology company operating in Myanmar. The interviews revealed that most of the migrant workers had experience using mobile banking and financial applications, they were familiar with the technology, and they were aware of its capacity as an alternative method of sending money back home. However, many still preferred to use informal banking as it benefited them the most. The border traders interviewed for this paper further confirmed that there was still no threat of consequences for payment offsetting. Therefore, the digitalization of banking strengthens the informal banking system as it both hastens and improves the processes of money distribution."