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"This book, the first comprehensive, integrated treatment of the subject, Assay development : fundamentals and practices covers the essentials and techniques involved in carrying out an assay project in either a biotechnology/drug discovery setting or a platform setting. After discussing the basics, it explains the treatment of assays for purified protein, cell-based assays, and high-throughput screening. It includes good practices and case studies. "

"Ikan cakalang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan pelagis bernilai ekonomis yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui aspek biologi, status keberlanjutan pengelolaan, dan menyusun model dan strategi pengembangan pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan. Metode pengambilan sampel ikan cakalang secara acak terhadap kapal pancing tonda yang mendarat di PPN Palabuhanratu. Sedangkan untuk analisis status keberlanjutan menggunakan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), dan untuk menyusun prioritas strategi menggunakan metode Proses Hirarki Analitik (AHP). Aspek biologi menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin menunjukkan bahwa ikan betina lebih banyak dari pada ikan jantan. Ikan cakalang yang tertangkap kebanyakan pada TKG III sebesar 42%, dimana telah mengalami pemijahan. Hasil analisis potensial lestari (MSY) sebesar 741.039 kg/tahun, fmsy = 1.392 unit dan CPUEopt adalah 532.050 kg/unit; Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap ikan cakalang di PPN Palabuhanratu secara multidimensi dalam kondisi kurang berkelanjutan (nilai indeks 46,19). Strategi yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan skala prioritas adalah 1) Pengaturan alat bantu penangkapan ikan, 2) Penentuan selektivitas alat penangkapan ikan, 3) Pembatasan upaya penangkapan ikan, 4) Peningkatan kualitas SDM, 5) Pengaturan perubahan target tangkapan sementara sesuai musim, 6) Pengelolaan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by catch), 7) Peningkatan pengawasan penangkapan ikan, 8) Pengembangan alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, 9) Meningkatkan nilai GDP, 10) Pengaturan kepemilikan sumberdaya, 11) Kebijakan dalam pengelolaan perikanan mempertimbangkan kearifan lokal nelayan setempat, 12) Meningkatkan Peran Sektor Perikanan, dan 13) Status konflik.

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Skipjack tuna is one of the major pelagic fish resources which has economic value that landed on PPN Palabuhanratu. The research aims to determine the biological aspects, determine the status management of sustainability, and model and strategy of sustainability development management. Sampling methods is randomly collect the skipjacks tuna on the trolling ship that landed in PPN Palabuanratu. Moreover, in the purpose of analysis of sustainability status is using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), to arrange the strategic priorities is using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Biological aspects show allometric growth pattern is negative. Sex ratio showed that female fish are more than the male fish. Tuna were caught mostly on TKG III by 42%, which has undergone spawning. The results of the analysis of the sustainable potential (MSY) is 741.039 kg/year, fmsy = 1.392 units and CPUEopt is 532.050 kg/unit. The status of sustainability management in multidimension point of view, skipjack tuna fisheries activities in PPN Palabuhanratu is less sustainable condition (index value of 46.19). The strategies that need to do based on priority scale are: 1) setting up the fishing tools, 2) Determination of the selectivity of fishing tools, 3) Restriction of fishing activities, 4) improving the quality of human resources, 5) Settip up the changes of temporary target catch according to season, 6) Management of side catches value (by catch), 7) Improving monitoring of fishing, 8) Developing of fishing tools that are environmentally friendly, 9) Increase the value of GDP, 10) Admission of resource ownership, 11) Policy in fisheries management that considering the value of local fishermes, 12) Increase the Role of Fisheries Sector, and 13) Status of conflict."

"This book covers the methods and applications of bioassays in pharmaceutical science to quantify drug activity and evaluate the validity of models. It demonstrates the numerous systems available and that each system interprets the activity of drug molecules in different ways. The authors discuss the various models put forward to link the experimental observations and the events taking place on a cell or molecular level between the drug and experimental object, providing the principal and technological guide for successful research of drug research and clinical therapy."

"This thesis demonstrates a technology that enables pipetting-free high-throughput screening (HTS) on a miniaturized platform, eliminating the need for thousands of one-by-one pipetting and conventional liquid handling systems. This platform enhances accessibility to HTS and enables HTS to be used in small-to-medium scale laboratories. In addition, it allows large-scale combinatorial screening with a small number of valuable cells, such as patients primary cancer cells. This technique will have a high impact for widespread use of HTS in the era of personalized medicine.In this thesis, the author firstly describes the need and concept of partipetting for pipetting-free HTS platform. It is realized by the one-step pipetting and self-assembly of encoded drug-laden microparticles (DLPs) on the microwells. Next, the technical implementations required for the platform demonstration are described. It includes preparation of encoded DLPs, plastic chip fabrication, and realization of automated system. Lastly, screening of sequential drug combinations using this platform is demonstrated. This shows the potential of the proposed technology for various applications. "

"Resveratrol merupakan antioksidan polifenol yang utamanya berasal dari minyak biji anggur, memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif pada kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasi solid lipid nanopartikel (SLN) resveratrol dan mengevaluasi kemampuan SLN resveratrol sebagai nanovesikel resveratrol berpenetrasi melalui kulit. Pada penelitian ini, SLN dibuat dengan metode emulsifikasi pelarut. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi SLN, mencakup ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, efisiensi penjerapan resveratrol dan morfologi SLN. SLN Resveratrol dengan gliseril monostearat 0,5% menunjukkan morfologi sferis dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 334,4+8,95 nm, rata-rata indeks polidispersitas 0,289+0,062, rata-rata efisiensi penjerapan resveratrol 48,706+1,319 %, dan ratarata zeta potential ? 27,53+0,802 mV. Studi penetrasi in vitro pada krim SLN resveratrol 10% menghasilkan fluks 6,64 + 0,19 μg/cm2/jam sementara fluks krim resveratrol 6,09 + 0,84 μg/cm2/jam. Hasil penetapan kapasitas antioksidan menunjukkan krim SLN resveratrol 10% memiliki IC50 inhibisi DPPH 87,92 ppm, dibandingkan dengan krim resveratrol memiliki IC50 inhibisi DPPH 280,04 ppm.

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Resveratrol is an antioxidant polyphenol from grape seed oil, shows a potent antioxidant activity that could be beneficial in protection skin from oxidative stress. The objective of this investigation was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of resveratrol and to evaluate the potential of SLNs as nanovesicle to penentrate the skin layer. The SLN of resveratrol was prepared by solvent emulsification method. The developed SLN resveratrol were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency of resveratrol and morphology. Resveratrol loaded SLN with glyceryl monostearate 0.5% presented spherical morphology with mean particle size 334.4+8.95 nm, mean polydispersity index 0.289+0.062, mean entrapment efficiency of resveratrol 48.706+1.319% and mean zeta potential ? 27.53+0.802 mV. In vitro penetration studies of cream enriched with SLN resveratrol 10% were showed fluks 6.64+0.19 μg/cm2/hour and fluks of cream enriched with resveratrol 6.09+0.84 μg/cm2/hour. Antioxidant capacity assay of cream enriched with SLN resveratrol 10% were showed IC50 DPPH inhibition 87.92 ppm, in comparison to cream enriched with resveratrol showed IC50 DPPH inhibition 280.04 ppm."

"ABSTRAKUji Western blot masih menjadi gold standard untuk konfirmasi diagnosis infeksi HIV yang memerlukan ketiga protein utama HIV, yaitu env, pol, dan gag. Kekurangan pada uji ini yaitu kemungkinan adanya kontaminasi dengan protein selular manusia serta pembuatannya yang relatif mahal. Selain itu, diversitas HIV-1 yang tinggi menyebabkan uji western blot menjadi kurang sensiftif. Penggunaan antigen rekombinan yang imunodominan dan lestari menjadi alternatif lain. Uji RIBA Recombinant Immunoblot Assay pada penelitian ini menggunakan antigen rekombinan dari keempat subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan di Indonesia, yaitu subtipe CRF01_AE, B, CRF02_AG, dan C. Antigen rekombinan Gag p24 , Pol IDR , Env gp41 IDR diekspresikan pada sistem ekspresi E.coli dan dipurifikasi menggunakan kromatografi Ni-NTA. Antigen rekombinan yang telah dimurnikan dilihat reaktivitasnya terhadap sampel serum pasien dengan HIV-AIDS sebanyak 50 sampel dan non HIV-AIDS 45 sampel. Sebanyak 21 sampel HIV-AIDS dan 3 sampel non HIV-AIDS dilakukan uji menggunakan kit Western blot MP Diagnostics HIV blot 2.2 sebagai perbandingan terhadap uji RIBA yang menggunakan metode Western blot. Hasil perbandingan memperlihatkan hasil uji RIBA memiliki reaktivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hasil uji kit MP Diagnostics HIV Blot 2.2 dengan persentase reaktivitas terhadap protein p24 95,2 20/21 , protein Pol 85,7 18/21 , dan protein gp41 100 21/21 . Pada uji RIBA, 5 sampel tidak menunjukkan reaktivitas terhadap antigen rekombinan Pol IDR dan 4 sampel tidak menunjukkan reaktivitas terhadap antigen rekombinan Gag p24 . Seluruh sampel menunjukkan reaktivitasnya terhadap antigen rekombinan Env gp41 IDR . Penelitian mengenai uji RIBA ini dapat dikembangkan untuk uji diagnostik HIV-1 dengan subtipe-subtipe HIV-1 yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTern blot test is still the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of HIV 1 infection. This test requires three core of HIV proteins, i.e., env, pol, and gag. Nevertheless, this test has several disadvantages, mainly in possibility of contamination with human cellular proteins as well as production cost is relatively expensive. In addition, the high diversity of HIV 1 may causes Western blot test to be less sensitive. Another method that can be used to overcome these obstacles is the use of immunodominant region and conserved region of recombinant antigen in the assay, also known as RIBA Recombinant Immunoblot Assay . In this research, recombinant antigens were derived from the four subtypes of HIV 1 that are dominant in Indonesia, which are CRF01 AE subtype, B subtype, CRF02 AG subtype, and C subtype. The recombinant antigens comprises Gag p24 , Pol IDR , Env gp41 IDR . Each of antigens was expressed in E. coli expression system and purified using Ni NTA chromatography. Reactivity test of purified antigen was done against a group consist 50 serum samples with HIV AIDS and 45 serum samples without HIV AIDS. Twenty one samples with HIV AIDS and 3 samples without non HIV AIDS test were done using Western blot kit MP Diagnostics HIV blot 2.2 too as a comparison toward the RIBA test that using Western blot method. The results showed that RIBA test had better reactivity than kit test with reactivity percentage toward p24 95,2 20 21 , Pol 85,7 18 21 , and gp41 100 21 21 . RIBA test results performed 5 samples with negative reactivity toward recombinant antigens Pol IDR and 4 samples with negative reactivity toward recombinant Gag antigen p24 . All the samples had positive reactivity toward recombinan recombinant antigen Env gp41 IDR . As diagnostic kit, this RIBA test shows broad possibility for development in diagnosis HIV 1 infection especially with HIV 1 subtypes that circulate in Indonesia."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan beban TB terbesar kedua di dunia. Prevalensi infeksi penyerta jamur paru juga tinggi, salah satunya aspergilosis paru kronik (APK). Alat diagnostik yang baik dan mudah digunakan sangat diperlukan untuk menunjang diagnosis APK, namun data terkait hal tersebut di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai performa diagnostik deteksi antibodi spesifik Aspergillus berbasis ELISA manual dan otomatis pada pasien TB paru. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik untuk membandingkan hasil deteksi antibodi spesifik Aspergillus berbasis ELISA menggunakan metode manual dan otomatis dari sera pasien TB paru yang diperiksa di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI. Dari 62 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 56,5% pasien adalah perempuan. Median usia pasien adalah 34 tahun dengan nilai minimum 16 dan nilai maksimum 72. Proporsi hasil positif ELISA manual adalah 12,9%, sedangkan proporsi hasil positif ELISA otomatis adalah 29%. Metode ELISA manual memiliki nilai performa diagnostik 20% untuk sensitivitas, 90,48% untuk spesifisitas, 61,5% untuk nilai duga positif, dan 59,79% untuk nilai duga negatif. Adapun ELISA otomatis memiliki nilai performa diagnostik 70% untuk sensitivitas, 90,48%untuk spesifisitas, 84,83% untuk nilai duga positif, dan 79,86% untuk nilai duga negatif. Kemampuan diagnostik ELISA manual tidak sebaik otomatis, namun dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat diagnosis penapisan yang lebih mudah diakses, khususnya di daerah dengan sumber daya terbatas. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai cut-off ELISA manual yang sesuai untuk populasi Indonesia.

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Indonesia is a country with the second largest TB burden in the world. The prevalence of pulmonary fungal infections is also high, one of which is chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). A good and easy-to-use diagnostic tool is needed to aid CPA diagnosis. This study aims to determine the diagnostic performance value of Aspergillus-specific antibody detection based on manual and automatic ELISA on pulmonary TB patient’s serum carried out at Parasitology Laboratory FMUI. This diagnostic test study compared the results of Aspergillus-specific antibody detection in pulmonary TB patient’s sera based on ELISA using manual and automatic methods. Of the 62 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, 56.5% of the patients were women. The median age of the patients was 34 years with a minimum value of 16 and a maximum value of 72. The proportion of positive results for manual ELISA was 12.9%, while the proportion of positive results for automatic ELISA was 29%. Manual ELISA has a diagnostic performance value of 20% for sensitivity, 90.48% for specificity, 61.5% for a positive predictive value, and 59.79% for a negative predictive value. Meanwhile, automatic ELISA has a diagnostic performance value of 70% for sensitivity, 90.48% for specificity, 84.83% for a positive predictive value, and 79.86% for a negative predictive value. Manual ELISA diagnostic capabilities are not as good as automated one but can be considered as a screening diagnostic tool as it is more accessible, especially in areas with limited resources. It is necessary to study the appropriate cut-off on manual ELISA Indonesian population."