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"ABSTRAKJava Remote Method Invocation (RMI) adalah salah satu cara alternatif untuk membangun aplikasi terdistribusi. Java RMI memungkinkan programmer untuk membuat aplikasi terdistribusi dimana dari dari remote Java objects dapat diminta (invoked) dari Java Virtual Machine (JVM) yang berada pada host yang berbeda dalam suatu jaringan. Dalam tesis ini penulis mendemonstrasikan Java RMI digunakan untuk mengimplementasi algoritma integrasi Monte Carlo terdistribusi yang berjalan pada internet (menggunakan protocol TCPIIP). Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan akselerasi waktu eksekusi yang cukup signifikan untuk masing masing 2,3,4,5,6 prosesor.

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ABSTRACTJava Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is an altervative approach for developing distributed applications. Java RMI enables sofware developers to write distributed applications in which the methods of remote object can be invoked from other Java Virtual Machines, which could possibly be running on different hosts. In this thesis the author demonstrate how Java RMI could be used to implement a distributed Monte Carlo integration algorithm which runs on the internet (using TCP/IP). The experiment result show significant speed up of execution time for 2,3,4,5,6 processors."

"ABSTRAKFokus utama tesis ini adalah saat ini masih belum adanya kajian mendalam mengenai analisis kelayakan keekonomian pada PV Off-Grid dengan menggunakan Metode Monte Carlo dan Homer Energy. Peneliti akan membahas pemodelan yang dibangun dengan kedua metode tersebut.Hasil penelitian ini adalah model yang dibangun ini diharapkan dapat memenuhi prinsip ?to produce electricity at the lowest possible cost? dengan mencari nilai COE (Cost of Energy) terendah dalam batasan parameternya seperti minimum NPV (Net Present Value), Cost to Benefit Ratio , DPI (Discounted Profitability Index) dan IRR (Internal Rate Return). Hasil pemodelan ini divalidasi dengan software Crystal Ball dan perhitungan manual.

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ABSTRACT

The main focus in this thesis is currently still lack of study related to economic feasibility analysis on PV Off-Grid using the Monte Carlo method and Homer Energy. Researcher built the modeling constructed by these two methods.

Results of this research is a construct model to meet the principle of "to produce electricity at the lowest possible cost" by looking for the lowest value of COE (Cost of Energy) within the range of parameters such as minimum NPV (Net Present Value), Cost to Benefit Ratio, DPI (Discounted Profitability Index) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return). This modeling result is validated with Crystal Ball software and manual calculations."

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In the capital market, investment is usually utilized as a kind of tool for the investors

against the number one cnemy, the infation. By this way, investment is a better alternative than time deposit and cash instrument which offer less return on investment than capital market instrument. Investment can also be a tool for investors in growing their wealth and preserve it. By staying invested, investor can generate earnings and even more from their existing money or fund as long as the market is in expectation and in favour.

Now the world is entering the era of recession when the trend is bearish and market is not so favorable. Many investors are now experiencing great losses and

suffer in their investment. The investment has become like an enemy instead of a tool

to grow, protect and preserve the wealth of investors. Some investors have stated that

the investment did not making them moncy anymore at this time of recession, some said that better not to invest their money in capital market instead. All of these statements were raised mainly because one thing that investors have usually forgotten, its portfolio risk management. Investment bankings in US were bankrupt and no more. The capital markets in every major country were experiencing great amount of loss and people suffered in their investment. That was because one term that has been abandoned all this time, portfolio risk management.

In bullish trend, that was fine to structure the portfolio of investment in stocks and less in bonds as long as the retumn and risk of the portfolio were also fire with the investors. But when the market changes, the structure should be different in terms of portfolio contents. The investor should reduce the portion or share of stocks (since

these relatively have high volatility) and increase the share of bonds and cash in their

portfolio. That is the thing the investor should do.

Capital market of Indonesia bas also suffered because of this world recession. The JCI as the main index price of BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) has shown a great downturn for the past one year. Now is the bearish year of the JCI. Therefore, it is also wise for the rational investors to also consider restructuring their portfolio to become mainly in bonds and cash instead of stocks. The way the investors doing this should be by applying the best method ever conceived called modern portfolio theory

which was founded by Nobel Winner Henry Markowitz.

Risk and Return are just like two sides of one coin. The greater the return, the

greater the potential risk may embodied within the investment. The research in this

thesis will show investor on how to find out the lowest risk of a portfolio investment

by providing them with several structures of portfolio weighting. By this way, investor can compare and make the decision based on risk-return consideration and opportunity cost as well."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas harga keekonomian gas di sektor Hulu dengan menganalisa harga keekonomian pengembangan lapangan atau Plant of Development-POD, Biaya Operasional, Abandonment Site Restoration beserta seluruh komponen keekonomian lainya seperti Asumsi harga, IRR, NPV, Tax, Perjanjian Jual Beli Gas serta komponen harga pada rantai nilai Industri Gas bumi dari hulu ke hilir dengan mempertimbangkan biaya-biaya yang dibutuhkan diantaranya biaya transmisi dan distribusi, pengalokasian gas, strategi dan kebijakan penetapan harga, skema penjualan serta type kontrak yang digunakan. Analisa ekonomi dilakukan dengan menghitung Net Back Value (NBV) serta Simulasi Monte Carlo untuk menggambarkan perubahan variable yang tidak pasti untuk mendapatkan sensitivitas dalam analisa ekonomi. Pada akhir penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diketahui seberapa besar harga keekonomian gas bumi di sektor hulu untuk alokasi kebutuhan gas domestic.

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ABSTRACTThis Thesis discusses the economic price of gas in Indonesia by analyzing the economic price of field development and gas industry value chain from upstream to downstream taking into account the costs required by the producer gas (upstream costs), the cost of transmission and distribution, gas allocation, strategy and pricing policies, sales scheme and type of contract used. Economic analysis is done by calculating the Net Back Value (NBV) as well as Monte Carlo simulations to describe the uncertain variables change to get the sensitivity of the economic analysis. At the end of this study are expected to know how big the economic price of natural gas in the upstream sector for allocation of domestic gas demand, as a case study in this research will also be analyzed Gas Sale Contract in Upstream Oil Company which will be evaluated against the results of the analysis of economic gas prices in Indonesia based on the simulation results of the value chain"

"Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 mewajibkan semua alat Kesehatan untuk dikalibrasi. Sebagai implementasi dari peraturan tersebut, Kementerian Kesehatan menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 54 Tahun 2015 yang mengharuskan alat kesehatan untuk dikalibrasi minimal sekali dalam satu tahun. Defibrillator adalah salah satu alat kesehatan yang berfungsi untuk memberikan kejutan listrik kepada pasien yang mengalami gangguan jantung. Untuk memastikan akurasi dan ketertelusuran metrologi, defibrillator harus dikalibrasi minimal satu kali dalam setahun. Dalam melakukan kalibrasi defibrillator, digunakan perangkat bernama defibrillator analyzer. Seperti halnya defibrillator, defibrillator analyzer juga harus dikalibrasi untuk memastikan akurasi dan ketertelusuran metrology. Metode Monte Carlo digunakan dalam kegiatan kalibrasi defibrillator analyzer dengan menggunakan high voltage differential probe untuk melakukan estimasi ketidakpastian pengukuran. Metode Monte Carlo menggunakan propagasi distribusi dan umumnya memberikan hasil yang lebih dekat dengan kenyataan serta menghasilkan nilai ketidakpastian yang lebih baik. Hasil dari kalibrasi defibrillator analyzer adalah nilai pengukuran (measurand) dengan persentase antara 93% hingga 95%, dan perhitungan ketidakpastian menggunakan Metode Monte Carlo menghasilkan ketidakpastian yang valid sebesar 100%.

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The Indonesian Government, through Law Number 44 of 2009, mandates calibration for all healthcare equipment. As an implementation of this provision, the Ministry of Health issued Ministerial Regulation Number 54 of 2015 concerning Testing and Calibration of Healthcare Equipment, which requires healthcare equipment to be calibrated at least once a year. A defibrillator is a medical device used to deliver an electric shock to patients with heart problems. To ensure accuracy and metrological traceability, a defibrillator must be calibrated at least once a year. During the calibration of a defibrillator, a device called a defibrillator analyzer is used. Similar to the defibrillator, the defibrillator analyzer also needs to be calibrated to ensure accuracy and metrological traceability. The Monte Carlo method is used in the calibration of the defibrillator analyzer, utilizing a high voltage differential probe to estimate measurement uncertainty. The Monte Carlo method employs distribution propagation and generally yields results closer to reality, producing better uncertainty values. The result of the defibrillator analyzer calibration is a measurand value (measurement value) ranging between 93% and 95%, and the uncertainty calculation using the Monte Carlo method yields a valid uncertainty value of 100%."

"Penerapan langsung Market Risk Capital Charges terhadap permodalan perbankan berdampak langsung terhadap turunnya Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) pada masing-masing bank. Salah satu fungsi utama dari perbankan adalah menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui kemampuannya untuk memberikan pinjaman kepada masyarakat. Penurunan CAR akibat perhitungan market risk capital charges, akan mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan ekspansi perbankan nasional secara tidak langsung. Risiko nilai tukar (Excange rate risk) merupakan salah satu komponen dari market risk. Perhitungan market risk capital charges dengan menggunakan model internal akan menghasilkan nilai yang relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan penggunaan model standar. Hal tersebut dikarenakan, dalam model internal sudah memperhitungkan efek volatilitas dan korelasi antar faktor risiko. Model internal yang banyak digunakan sekarang adalah Value at Risk (VaR). Perhitungan market risk capital charges yang efisien dengan menggunakan VaR akan berdampak langsung terhadap capital adequacy yang efisien pula. Penelitian ini menghitung market risk capital charges untuk risiko nilai tukar (exchange rate risk) dengan menggunakan VaR Monte Carlo Simulation. Penelitian yang dilakukan menyimpulkan bahwa (1) perbankan syariah dapat menggunakan metode Value at Risk pendekatan Monte Carlo Simulation untuk perhitungan capital charges risiko nilai tukar; dan (2) pengukuran capital charge risiko nilai tukar dengan VaR Monte Carlo Simulation valid untuk digunakan dalam pengukuran risiko nilai tukar pada Bank Syariah XYZ.

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Direct application of Market Risk Capital Charges on banking capital directly impact the decline in Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) in each bank. One of the main function of banks is to support economic growth through its ability to lend to the public. Decrease in CAR due to the calculation of market risk capital charges, will result in decreased ability of the national banking expansion indirectly. Exchange rate risk (Excange rate risk) is one component of market risk.

Calculation of market risk capital charges using internal models will produce a relatively low value compared with the use of the standard model. That is because, in the internal model taking into account the effects of volatility and correlation between risk factors. Internal models are widely used today is the Value at Risk (VaR). Calculation of market risk capital charges are efficiently by using VaR will directly affect an efficient capital adequacy as well. This study calculates market risk capital charges for the exchange rate risk (exchange rate risk) by using the VaR Monte Carlo Simulation.

Research carried out concluded that (1) Islamic banking can use the method of Value at Risk Monte Carlo Simulation approach to calculating capital charges exchange rate risk, and (2) the measurement of capital charge exchange rate risk with VaR Monte Carlo Simulation valid for use in risk measurement value exchange at Bank Syariah XYZ."

"This book has two objectives. First, it is a primer on the kMC method (predominantly using the lattice-gas model) and thus much of the book will also be useful for applications other than to surface reactions. Second, it is intended to teach the reader what can be learned from kMC simulations of surface reaction kinetics. "

"Telah dilakukan simulasi Monte Carlo pada berkas foton 6 MV Linac Elekta di dalam fantom air dan PMMA. Dalam simulasi digunakan code BEAMnrc berbasis 2 processor sistem Linux. File phase-space yang diperoleh menjadi input bagi code BEAMDP untuk memperoleh informasi karakteristik dan kontaminasi partikel. File yang sama juga menjadi input code DOSXYZnrc untuk menghasilkan PDD. Hasil PDD dibandingkan dengan hasil eksperimen dengan deviasi sangat kecil.

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A Monte Carlo simulation on a Linac Elekta 6 MV photon beam has been performed using BEAMnrc code running on Linux-based 2 processor system. A phase- space files obtained were input to a BEAMDP code subsequently to produce information on particles characteristics and contamination. The same files were also input to a DOSXYnrc code to produce PDD in virtual water and PMMA phantoms. PDD results were compared with experimental results with significantly small deviation."

"The purpose of this handbook is to provide an accessible and comprehensive compendium of Monte Carlo techniques and related topics. It contains a mix of theory (summarized), algorithms (pseudo and actual), and applications. Since the audience is broad, the theory is kept to a minimum, this without sacrificing rigor. The book is intended to be used as an essential guide to Monte Carlo methods to quickly look up ideas, procedures, formulas, pictures, etc., rather than purely a monograph for researchers or a textbook for students. As the popularity of these methods continues to grow, and new methods are developed in rapid succession, the staggering number of related techniques, ideas, concepts and algorithms makes it difficult to maintain an overall picture of the Monte Carlo approach. This book attempts to encapsulate the emerging dynamics of this field of study."