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"Modifikasi elektroda karbon, glassy carbon (GC) dan boron-doped diamond (BDD), menggunakan nanopartikel emas (AuNP) dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik self-assembly. Teknik ini dipilih berdasarkan interaksi elektrostatik antara AuNP yang terperangkap ion sitrat dengan gugus amina yang dimodifikasikan pada BDD dan GC. Material yang diperoleh, AuNP-GC dan AuNP-BDD, kemudian digunakan sebagai elektroda pendeteksi As 3+ menggunakan teknik anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Anodic stripping voltammograms dari kedua elektroda menunjukkan puncak potensial oksidasi As °pada ~0.21 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) pada kondisi optimum potensial deposisi -500 mV, waktu deposisi 180 s, dan scan rate 100 mV/s. AuNP-BDD memiliki daerah pengukuran yang lebih luas (0-20 mM) dan limit deteksi yang lebih rendah (0.39 μ M atau 4.64 ppb), sedangkan AuNP-GC linier pada daerah konsentrasi 0-10 mM dengan limit deteksi 0.14 μ M (13.12 ppb). Keberulangan yang baik ditunjukkan dengan RSDs (n=20) 2.93% pada AuNP-BDD dan 4.54% pada AUNP-BDD. Meskipun demikian penurunan yang lebih banyak pada pengukuran 6 hari berturut-turut ditemukan pada AuNP-BDD (~20.1%) daripada pada AuNP-GC (~2.8%).

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Modification of carbon, including boron-doped diamond (BDD) and glassy carbon (GC), using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) was developed by self-assembly technique. This technique is based on electrostatic interaction between citrate-capped AuNP to amine terminal groups after surface modification of BDD and GC. The fabricated materials, AuNP-BDD and AuNP-GC, were then utilized as electrodes for As 3+ detection using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique. Anodic stripping voltammograms of both Au NP-BDD and AuNP-GC electrodes showed similar peak potentials of As ° oxidation at ~0.21 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in optimum conditions of -500 mV, 180 s, and 100 mV/s for deposition potential, deposition time, and scan rate, respectively. AuNP-BDD shows better performances in the case of wide linear concentration range (0-20 mM) and low limit of detection (0.39μM or 4.64 ppb), whereas those of AuNP-GC were linear in the concentration range of 0-10mM with a detection limit of 0.14μ M (13.12 ppb). Excellent reproducibility was shown with RSDs (n=20) of 2.93% and 4.54% at AuNP-BDD and AuNP-GC, respectively. However, decreasing of current responses in 6-concecutive days was found more at AuNP-BDD (~20.1%) than that at AuNP-GC (~2.8%)."

"Elektroda boron-doped diamond (BDD) memiliki banyak keunggulan seperti jendela potensial lebar, arus latar rendah, inertness tinggi dan stabilitas. Modifikasi permukaan BDD dengan nanopartikel emas dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan konduktivitas dan sensitivitasnya sebagai sensor oksigen. Sintesis nanopartikel emas (AuNPs) dilakukan dengan menggunakan allicin, yang diperoleh dengan isolasi dari bawang putih dengan cara mengeluarkan ekstrak, sebagai agen penutup karena allicin memiliki kelompok fungsional Sulfur (S) untuk bereaksi dengan emas dan ikatan rangkap untuk direaksikan untuk memasang BDD permukaan di bawah radiasi sinar UV. Allicin yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), sedangkan emas yang disintesis dikoreksi dengan spektrofotometer UV-VIS, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran rata-rata AuNPs adalah sekitar 8.893 nm. Lebih lanjut, modifikasi permukaan BDD oleh AuNP yang disintesis ditandai oleh Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), menegaskan bahwa 0,6% dari AuNP dapat dipasang pada permukaan BDD. Aplikasi AuNPs yang dimodifikasi BDD sebagai elektroda kerja untuk sensor oksigen dan sensor Biokimia Oxygen Demand (BOD) menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dengan rasio sinyal-ke-latar belakang 4,6, batas deteksi oksigen terlarut 0,0537 ppm dan batas deteksi BOD 0,1214 ppm.

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Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have many advantages such as wide window potential, low background current, high inertness and stability. Surface modification of BDD with gold nanoparticles was carried out in this study to improve its conductivity and sensitivity as an oxygen sensor. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is carried out using allicin, which is obtained by isolation from garlic by extracting extracts, as a cover agent because allicin has a functional group of Sulfur (S) to react with gold and double bonds to be reacted to attach the BDD surface under UV radiation. Allicin obtained was characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while the synthesized gold was corrected with UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the average size of AuNPs was around 8,893 nm. Furthermore, the modification of BDD surfaces by synthesized AuNP was marked by Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), confirming that 0.6% of AuNP could be mounted on BDD surfaces. Applications of BDD modified AuNPs as working electrodes for oxygen sensors and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) sensors show good performance with a signal-to-background ratio of 4.6, a dissolved oxygen detection limit of 0.0537 ppm and a BOD detection limit of 0.1214 ppm."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan memperoleh model peramalan harga emas terbaik antara model GARCH dan EWMA. Variabel dependen adalah harga emas Antam sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari harga emas dunia, IHSG dan JIBOR. Penelitian menggunakan data harian periode Agustus 2010 - September 2012. Variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga emas Antam dan secara simultan diperoleh R-Square sebesar 97,7375%. Model dalam pendekatan pola adalah GARCH (2,1) sedangkan pada pendekatan kausal GARCH (1,1). Nilai MAPE peramalan harga emas Antam bulan Oktober 2012 menggunakan pendekatan kausal sebesar 1,9114%, pendekatan pola 4,4379% dan EWMA 10,618824%. Dengan demikian, dalam penelitian ini model GARCH lebih akurat dibandingkan EWMA.

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ABSTRACTThe study aimed at obtaining the best gold price forecasting model between GARCH and EWMA models. The dependent variable is the price of Antam's gold while the independent variables consist of world gold prices, IHSG and JIBOR. The study uses daily data in August 2010 until September 2012. Independent variables significantly influence the Antam’s gold price and simultaneously acquired R-Square of 97.7375%. Models in the pattern approach is GARCH (2.1) whereas the causal approach GARCH (1,1). MAPE values of ​​Antam's gold price forecasting in October 2012 using the causal approach 1.9114%, the pattern approach 4.4379% and EWMA 10.618824%. Thus, in this study GARCH models are more accurate than EWMA."

"Emas dikatakan sebagai alat investasi yang cukup aman selama periode krisis. Tetapi bagaimanakah kondisi instrumen investasi lain seperti saham perusahaan yang masih terkait dengan emas pada periode tersebut juga. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat pola pengaruh dari komoditas emas terhadap saham emiten yang terkait dengan pertambangan logam emas pada tingkat pengembalian (return). Kesimpulan yang dicapai pada penelitian ini, bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dari pengembalian (return) komoditas emas terhadap pengembalian(return) saham emiten yang terkait dengan pertambangan logam emas.

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Gold is told as a safe investment instrument during the crisis period. But what about other investment instrument like the stock of gold related company during the same period. This research is trying to see the effect from the gold commodity and stock from emiten whose related to gold mining on return level. Conclusion is reached by this research, that there is positive effect from the gold return to return from issuers whose related to gold mining."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran emas sebagai hedge dan safe haven asset di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand pada periode 1996-2012. Hedge merupakan aset yang tidak bergerak bersamaan dengan aset lain secara rata-rata, sedangkan safe haven asset berperan sebagai hedge saat pasar berada dalam kondisi ekstrim. Terdapat tiga pendekatan periode pasar ekstrim yang digunakan, yaitu return pasar saham, volatilitas return pasar saham, dan periode krisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emas secara umum tidak bertindak sebagai hedge dan safe haven di negara berkembang. Penggunaan data harian, mingguan, dan bulanan memberikan hasil temuan yang berbeda pada tiap sampel negara. Hal ini terjadi akibat adanya dinamika pada data harian, mingguan, dan bulanan.

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The focus of the study is to analyze gold as hedge and safe haven asset in Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, and Thailand during period 1996-2012. Hedge is asset that does not move along with the other assets on average, while safe-haven asset serves as a hedge when the market is in extreme conditions. There are three approaches used as extreme market periods: stock market returns, volatility of stock market returns, and periods of crisis. The results showed that gold doesn?t act as a hedge or safe haven in emerging country. Daily, weekly, and monthly data leads to different result because of the dynamic of each data."

"Timbal masih digunakan secara luas sebagai bahan material aktif untuk baterai asam timbal. Timbal dan auric chloride (PbCl₃) digabungkan untuk menjadi komposit timbal-emas sebagai usaha untuk meningkatkan performa baterai asam timbal. Perilaku elektrokimia dari komposit Pb-Au dalam larutan asam sulfat diselidiki. Au diilih sebagai penguat karena sifatnya yang memiliki konduktivitas tinggi dan ketahanan terhadap reaksi kimia. Penyampuran bubuk Pb dan auric chloride (PbCl₃), dan metode hot-press digunakan untuk membuat komposit Pb-Au. Karakterisasi struktur material  dilakukan dengan teknik X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Perilaku elektrokimia dari sampel diselidiki dengan teknik Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) dan Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) di dalam larutan H₂SO₄ dengan variasi temperatur 10°, 25°C, and 40°C. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal dari komposit Pb-Au adalah face-centered cubic (FCC) dengan ukuran kristal bernilai antara 63,31 dan 79,54 nanometer. Selain itu, penambahan Au juga menggeser I_Corr, E_Corr, dan potensial reduksi dan oksidasi. Laju korosi dari komposit Pb-Au bernilai antara 0,081 dan 2,706 mm/tahun. Reaksi elektrokimia irreversibel dari komposit Pb-Au telah diamati.

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Lead is still widely used as an active material for lead-acid batteries. Lead and auric chloride (PbCl₃) solution were mixed to become lead-gold composite in efforts to improve the performance of lead-acid batteries. The electrochemical behaviors of Pb-Au composite in sulfuric acid solution were investigated. Au was chosen as reinforcement because of its high conductivity and resistance to chemical reaction. The mixing of Pb powders and auric chloride (PbCl₃) solution, and hot-pressing method was applied to fabricate Pb-Au composites. Material structure characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction technique. The electro-chemical properties of the samples were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry technique (LSV) in H₂SO₄ solution with various solution temperature 10°, 25°C, and 40°C. The results show that the crystal structure of lead-gold composite are face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with crystallite size of around 63.31 to 79.54nm. Also, the addition of Au shift the I_cor, E_cor and the oxidation and reduction potential. The corrosion rates of Pb-Au composites are found to be around 0.081 and 2.706 mm/year. The irreversible electrochemical reaction Pb-Cu composite have been observed."

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Emas (gold) adalah komoditas berharga yang digunakan di banyak industri. Di Indonesia berdasarkan terdapat 15 Produsen Emas. Salah satu produsen terbesar yaitu PT Antam, Tbk. (“ANTAM”) dengan unit bisnis UBPP LM. Proses produksi Logam Mulia emas masih manual, salah satunya didalam bisnis proses manufacturing di UBPP LM mulai weighing sampai dengan engraving terdapat beberapa aktifitas non value added, belum adanya standarisasi cycle time dan digitalisasi yang menyebabkan loss time serta operator memerankan peranan penting didalam proses produksi sehingga apabila terjadi kesalahan dapat menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan analisa rekayasa ulang Proses dengan usulan improvement dan target terdapat standarisasi cycle time dan diharapkan terdapat peningkatan produksi dalam proses Produksi Logam Mulia Emas. Mengidentifikasi waste yang ada didalam tahapan proses dengan pendekatan Value Stream Mapping (VSM). serta Optimasi tata letak (relayout) demi memenuhi kapasitas produksi Logam Mulia Emas ANTAM.

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Gold is a valuable commodity used in many industries. In Indonesia, there are 15 gold producers based on records. One of the largest producers is PT Antam, Tbk. ('ANTAM') with its business unit UBPP LM. The production process of precious gold metal is still manual, and one of the businesses process that involves the manufacturing process at UBPP LM, from weighing to engraving, has several non-value added activities due to the lack of cycle time standardization and digitalization, which causes loss of time. Operators play an important role in the production process, and errors on their part can result in product non-conformity. The purpose of this research is to perform a process reengineering analysis with proposed improvements and target of achieving cycle time standardization and an increase in production in the production process of precious gold metal. This involves identifying waste in the process stages using a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approach and optimizing the layout to meet the production capacity of Antam.

 

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"Precious metals and semi-precious metals are used for an increasing number of medical applications due to the properties of these metals and their alloys. Precious Metals for Biomedical Applications reviews the properties of precious metals and their resulting applications in medicine.Part one outlines the fundamentals of precious metals for biomedical applications, discussing their useful properties, such as biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Part two goes on to provide an overview of the applications of precious metals in biomedicine, including dental, therapeutic, tissue engineering, and bioimaging applications. It discusses the advantages of the structure and properties of precious metals for these applications."