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"Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat clinical pathway dan perhitungan cost of treatment apendisitis di RSUD Dr. Adnaan WD Payakumbuh Sumatera Barat tahun 2012. Cost of treatment adalah perhitungan terkait biaya langsung (mempergunakan Activity Based costing) dan tak langsung (dimodifikasi dengan metoda Simpel Distribusi), merupakan biaya perawatan atau tindakan layanan per diagnosa penyakit sesuai clinical pathwaynya. Casemix beserta komplikasi dan komorbiditasnya, berpengaruh terhadap besaran biaya layanan. Hasilnya ; clinical pathway apendisitis dapat disusun sesuai kelompok DRG, terdapat 4 kelompok diagnosa : apendisitis murni, apendisitis murni + penyerta, apendisitis komplikasi , apendisitis komplikasi + penyerta. Hasil hitung menunjukkan biaya rawatan semakin meningkat sesuai dengan komplikasi dan komorbiditasnya. Biaya termahal adalah pada tahap operasi dan komponen biaya terbesar adalah obat dan alat kesehatan dalam satu kali perawatan apendisitis.

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The study was conducted to confirm at clinical pathways and calculate the treatment cost of appendicitis by 2012 at the Dr. Adnaan WD Hospital, Payakumbuh city of West Sumatra. Treatment Cost consist of direct costs (using activity based costing) and indirect (modified by Simple Distribution method), which is the cost of treatment or service actions to diagnosis of the disease according with clinical pathway. Casemix is a mix of cases with complications and comorbidities, affect the amount of the service fee.

The result; clinical pathways of appendicitis can be formed according to DRG group based on its complications and comorbidities. There are 4 groups of diagnosis: pure appendicitis, pure + comorbid appendicitis, complication appendicitis, complication + comorbid appendicitis. The results showed us the cost of treatment are increasing according to its complication and comorbidities. Highest costs are in the operational phase, and the largest cost component is the cost of drugs and medical devices in one treatment appendicitis"

"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas secara mendalam etika Prima Facie Duties ciptaan William David Ross. Prima Facie Duties merupakan teori etika yang didasari oleh dua konsep dasar yaitu konsep ketepatan dan konsep kebaikan. Kedua konsep inilah yang mendasari kewajiban dalam Prima Facie Duties yaitu duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence, duty of justice, duty of self-improvement, dan, duty of non-maleficience. Tulisan ini juga memberikan perbandingan Prima Facie Duties dengan Ideal Utilitarian Moore dan Deontology Kantian, dan Moral Relativism untuk memberikan suatu gambaran jelas apa yang menjadi corak khas dari Prima Facie Duties. Dalam tulisan ini juga dimasukan kritik dari John Rawls kepada intuisionisme dan juga tanggapan berdasarkan Prima Facie Duties terhadap kritik tersebut yang berupa improvisasi penting bagi Prima Facie Duties yaitu sistem prioritas.

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The point of this essay is to explain deeply the Prima Facie Duties ethics which were made by W.D. Ross. Prima Facie Duties is an ethical theory based on two main concept which is right and good. These two central concept become the base of the seven duties which are duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence, duty of justice, duty of self-improvement, and duty of non-maleficience. There is also comparison of Prima Facie Duties with Moore Ideal Utiliarianism, Kantian Deontology, and Moral Relativism to show the main characteristic of Prima Facie Duties. Critics from John Rawls against ethical intuitionism is also included with the solution for Prima Facie Duties based on John Rawls critics which improves Prima Facie Duties in the form of priority system."