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"Ikan pari manta terumbu Manta alfredi merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang bisa ditemukan di Perairan Taman Nasional Komodo TNK , Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa jumlah kemunculan ikan pari manta berdasarkan nilai rerata setiap data per tahunnya. Total penyelaman yang dilakukan ialah 32 kali di bagian sentral Perairan TNK, namun pada perairan Karang Makassar hanyalah 13 kali. Suhu yang ditunjukkan saat kemunculan manta yaitu 27°C dan 28°C, dan kedalaman 8 sampai 17 meter. Rata-rata yang ditunjukkan pada penelitian ini senilai 13,46 individu per penyelaman. Data tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan data sekunder yaitu data pada bulan yang sama dalam dua tahun sebelumnya secara berturut-turut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terjadi peningkatan jumlah kemunculan ikan pari manta terumbu di Perairan Karang Makassar.

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Reef manta ray Manta alfredi is one of fish species that could be found in Komodo National Park, East Nusa Tenggara. This research aim is to analyse the number of manta encounter based on average value of the data each year. Total number of diving is 32 times, but in the central, which is in Karang Makassar waters, only 13 times dives conducted. The temperature when mantas appeared are 27°C and 28°C, while mantas encountered on depth range 8 to 17 meters. The average showed on this research is 13.46 individuals per dive. That data then compared with the secondary data which is the previous two years data. This research concludes that the number of manta ray encounter in Karang Makassar waters increased."

"Coral reefs are the 'rain forests' of the ocean, containing the highest diversity of marine organisms and facing the greatest threats from humans. As shallow-water coastal habitats, they support a wide range of economically and culturally important activities, from fishing to tourism. Their accessibility makes reefs vulnerable to local threats that include over-fishing, pollution and physical damage. Reefs also face global problems, such as climate change, which may be responsible for recent widespread coral mortality and increased frequency of hurricane damage. This book, first published in 2006, summarises the state of knowledge about the status of reefs, the problems they face, and potential solutions. The topics considered range from concerns about extinction of coral reef species to economic and social issues affecting the well-being of people who depend on reefs. The result is a multi-disciplinary perspective on problems and solutions to the coral reef crisis."