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"This research aims to express the changing process that happened in Mandar as a result of Dutch colonial intervention. From this, it can be seen the early structure that made by Mandar people, their custom and behavior; and finally to bring a new structure that come from their interaction with colonial power. From the period as temporal term, source of information is explored from a past data, especially from colonial archives. Some articles from journals and newspapers, as a contemporary mass media, contribute much information for reconstruction. The structure that made by Mandar people in 18th and 19th century was identified with a maritime piracy. By a reason to end this criminality, Dutch colonial government took a drastic measure with sending her military expedition to punish Mandar people. The expedition motivated the Mandar War in 1868-1869, and ended with a political contract between Mandar and Dutch in 1870. As a conclusion, Mandar is proven to have a difference structure with other political units in South Sulawesi. The structure is consisted of two: power system that composed by seven kings or “maradia”; and diaspora system that spread as long coast of Sulawesi. The contract, that forced by Dutch, could not end the both structures, even though the Dutch regarded that she could establish her political domination."

"Perang Boshin, yang juga dikenal sebagai Perang Saudara berlangsung dari tahun 1868 hingga 1869. Perang ini terjadi dikarenakan perbedaan tujuan antara pihak yang mendukung pemerintahan Meiji dan pihak yang mendukung keshogunan Tokugawa. Artikel ini menjelaskan secara rinci bagaimana awal mula, proses dan berakhirnya Perang Boshin. Penelitian in merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perang boshin berperan besar dalam sejarah jatuhnya masa keshogunan tokugawa dan menjadi saksi dari revolusi Jepang.

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The Boshin War, also known as the Civil War, lasted from 1868 to 1869. This war occurred because of the difference in purpose between those who supported the Meiji government and those who supported the Tokugawa shogunate. This article explains in detail how the beginning, the process and the end of Boshin War. This research is a literature study with descriptive method of analysis. The results of this study indicate that the boshin war played a major role in history of the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and witnessed the Japanese revolution. "