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"IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gel IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan gel kombinasi IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.Metode: Sampel plak 40 orang dalam 4 kelompok diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Aplikasi gel dilakukan 7 hari, dilanjutkan prosedur uji biofilm crystal violet.Hasil: Perbandingan nilai OD biofilm (pre -post) kelompok IgY Bebas Karies (0,030-0,038), IgY Karies (0,027-0,027), IgY+K Bebas Karies (0,033-0,032), IgY+K Karies (0,033-0,069).Kesimpulan: Gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans maupun gel kombinasi IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.

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IgY Anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan can inhibit biofilm formation.Objective: To analyze the effect of IgY Anti ComD S.mutans gel and IgY Anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel towards the ability of S.mutans to form biofilm.Methods: Plaque samples from 40 people in 4 groups were taken before and after gel treatment for 7 days. Then crystal violet biofilm test procedure was performed.Results: Biofilm OD values (pre ? post), IgY free caries (0,030-0,038), IgY caries (0,027-0,027), IgY+K free caries (0,033-0,032), IgY+K caries (0,033-0,069).Conclusion: IgY anti ComD S. mutans gel and IgY anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel increase the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm."

"Gel IgY anti-ComD S.mutans bekerja dengan inaktivasi gen comD sehingga menurunkan kemampuan komunikasi S.mutans yang berakibat terhambatnya pembentukan plak. Kitosan memiliki sifat antibakteri dan pengawet. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap jumlah S.mutans dalam saliva subjek karies dan bebas karies. Metode: 40 subjek diaplikasikan gel selama tujuh hari. Sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, saliva subjek diisolasi dan dibiakkan di TYS20B. Jumlah koloni S.mutans dihitung. Hasil: Penurunan rerata jumlah S.mutans terjadi pada kelompok subjek yang diaplikasikan gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans. Kesimpulan: Gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan tidak dapat menurunkan jumlah S.mutans dalam saliva.

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Gel IgY anti-ComD S.mutans decreasing the ability of S.mutans to start the plaque formation. Chitosan has antibacterial and preservative properties.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of gel containing IgY anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan on numbers of Salivary S.mutans in Subjects.

Method: 40 subjects used this gel for seven days. Before and after treatment, subjects’ saliva was isolated and cultured in TYS20B. The number of salivary S.mutans were counted.

Result: Reduction happen in groups that were given gel containing IgY anti ComD S.mutans

Conclusion: Gel containing IgY anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan is unable to decrease the number of salivary S.mutans."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-comD S. mutans + kitosan terhadap jumlah S. mutans isolat saliva. Masing-masing kelompok subjek diberikan obat kumur yang mengandung IgY anti-comD S. mutans dan obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-comD S. mutans + kitosan. Obat kumur digunakan 2 kali sehari selama 6 hari. S. mutans isolat saliva subjek sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dibiakkan di medium agar TYS20B. Jumlah koloni S. mutans dihitung secara manual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-comD S. mutans + kitosan dapat menurunkan jumlah S. mutans dalam saliva namun tidak signifikan.

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This study aims to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse containing IgY anti-comD S. mutans + chitosan on the quantity of salivary S. mutans in caries and caries free subjects. Each subject group was given IgY anti-comD S. mutans mouthrinse and IgY anti-comD S. mutans + chitosan mouthrinse. Mouthrinse was used twice a day for 6 days. Salivary S. mutans was cultured in TYS20B agar before and after treatment. Quantity of salivary S. mutans colonies were counted manually. This study showed that mouthrinse containing IgY anti-comD S. mutans + chitosan decreased the quantity of salivary S. mutans although insignificantly."

"IgY sebagai vaksin pencegah karies gigi perlu ditingkatkan efektivitasnya dengan menciptakan IgY yang spesifik terhadap molekul ComD yang berperan dalam mekanisme quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dapat dikombinasikan dengan kitosan dalam bentuk sediaan obat kumur. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm. Metode: Subjek penelitian 24 orang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok karies dan bebas karies dengan perlakuan obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dengan dan tanpa kitosan. Obat kumur digunakan 2 kali sehari sebanyak 15-20 ml setiap kali berkumur selama 6 hari dengan durasi 30 detik. Kuantitas biofilm diukur dengan menggunakan metode crystal violet berdasarkan nilai optical density pada Elisa Reader. Hasil: Nilai OD biofilm sebelum diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,153; kelompok 2 adalah 0,163; kelompok 3 adalah 0,132 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,135. Nilai OD biofilm setelah diberi perlakuan pada kelompok 1 adalah 0,136; kelompok 2 adalah 0,141; kelompok 3 adalah 0,164 dan kelompok 4 adalah 0,192. Analisa statistik uji t berpasangan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna untuk kelompok 3 (p=0,035) dan kelompok 4 (p=0,046). Kesimpulan: Obat kumur kombinasi IgY anti-ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans yang diisolasi dari subjek karies dan bebas karies dalam membentuk biofilm.

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The effectiveness of IgY as a dental caries vaccine should be improved by creating IgY specific to ComD that has a role in the mechanism of quorum sensing. IgY anti-ComD S.mutans can be combined with chitosan in the form of mouth rinse.

Objective: To determine the effects of mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan on biofilm-forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects.

Methods: Subjects were divided into 4 groups: caries and caries-free subjects with mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans with and without chitosan. Subjects were assigned to rinsing twice daily (for 6 days) with 15-20 ml solution of mouth rinse for 30 seconds. Biofilm formation were measured using crystal violet method based on ELISA optical density value.

Results: Optical density of biofilm before treatment on group 1 is 0,153; group 2 is 0,163; group 3 is 0,132 and group 4 is 0,135. Optical density of biofilm after treatment on group 1 is 0,136; group 2 is 0,141; group 3 is 0,164 and group 4 is 0,192. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for group 3 (p=0,035) and group 4 (p=0,046).

Conclusion: Mouth rinse containing IgY anti-ComD S.mutans and chitosan could increase biofilm forming isolates of S.mutans from caries subjects and caries-free subjects."

"Latar Belakang : Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia. Diperlukan upaya alternatif pencegahan, yang dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggabungkan dua bahan aktif CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula dengan lima konsentrasi yang berbeda (0% Prop, 0% CPP-ACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPPACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; dan 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Tujuan : Menganalisis kadar pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat oleh CPP-ACP untuk mendukung remineralisasi dan keefektifan lilin propolis dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans pada subjek bebas karies serta melihat apakah kedua bahan aktif ini efektif jika digabungkan dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula.Metode : 25 sampel saliva bebas karies sebelum dan sesudah simulasi pengunyahan lima konsentrasi permen karet in vitro dilakukan uji pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat serta uji biofilm. Pelepasan ion kalsium dideteksi menggunakan AAS, ion fosfat menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS, dan uji biofilm menggunakan uji crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA dan dibaca menggunakan microplate reader.Hasil : Permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis dengan konsentrasi 0% Prop + CPP-ACP menunjukkan kadar pelepasan ion kalsium (p≤0,05) dan fosfat (p>0,05) tertinggi dan signifikan dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans (p≤0,05).Simpulan : Terjadi peningkatan kadar ion kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva bebas karies, serta, penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans setelah pengunyahan permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis.

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Background: Dental caries is an oral disease commonly found in Indonesia. Alternative prevention are needed, which in this research is going to be combining two active components which are CPP-ACP and propolis wax into one substance of sugar-free chewing gum with five different concentrations (0% Prop, 0% CPPACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; and 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Objectives: To analyze the amount of calcium and phosphate ion released by CPP-ACP to support the remineralization and to analyze the effectiveness of propolis wax in suppressing the mass formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in caries-free subjects and also observing if these two active components are effective when combined into one substance of sugarfree chewing gum.Methods: 25 samples of caries-free saliva before and after the mastication simulation (five concentrations of chewing gum) in vitro, observed the release of calcium and phosphate ion along with a biofilm assay. The release of calcium ion is detected using AAS, while phosphate ion using the Spectrophotometry UV-VIS, and the biofilm assay using the crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA and evaluated with a microplate reader.Result: Chewing gum with a concentration of 0% Prop + CPP-ACP has shown the highest release level of calcium (p<0,05) and phosphate ion (p>0,05) and is significant in suppressing the mass formation of S.mutans biofilm (p<0,05).Conclusion: Increased calcium and phosphate ion level in caries-free saliva and decreased of S.mutans biofilm mass after mastication simulation of CPP-ACP-Propolis chewing gum are detected."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah karies gigi. Penggabungan antara lilin propolis, yang mempunyai sifat antibakteri, dan CPP-ACP, yang merupakan agen remineralisasi, sebagai bahan aktif di dalam medium permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis merupakan suatu keuntungan dan inovasi baru dalam upaya pencegahan karies.Tujuan: Menganalisis kerja dari CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis jika digabungkan dalam satu formulasi permen karet, dilihat dari kadar ion kalsium dan ion fosfat yang dilepas CPP-ACP dan penekanan massa biofilm S.mutans oleh lilin propolis, terhadap saliva subjek karies. Metode: Dilakukan simulasi pengunyahan lima konsentrasi permen karet (0%propolis, 0%CPP-ACP; 0%propolis + CPP-ACP; 2%propolis + CPP-ACP; 4%propolis + CPP-ACP; 6%propolis + CPP-ACP) secara in vitro pada 25 sampel saliva subjek karies kemudian diuji menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer untuk melihat kadar ion kalsium, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer untuk melihat kadar ion fosfat, serta uji crystal violet untuk menganalisis penurunan massa biofilm.Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan kadar kalsium yang signifikan pada saliva + eluen permen karet dibandingkan dengan kontrol saliva, dengan tingkat pelepasan kalsium tertinggi dari permen karet CPP-ACP + 2% propolis. Terdapat peningkatan kadar fosfat yang tidak signifikan antara kontrol saliva dan saliva+eluen permen karet. Terjadi penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans yang signifikan antara kontrol saliva dan saliva+eluen permen karet, dengan penurunan terbanyak oleh konsentrasi permen karet CPP-ACP dan CPP-ACP+6%propolis. Simpulan: Simulasi pengunyahan permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis menghasilkan peningkatan kadar ion kalsium dan ion fosfat, serta penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans pada saliva subjek karies.

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Background: The most frequent oral disease found in Indonesia is caries. The combination of propolis wax, which is an antibacterial agent, and CPP-ACP, which is a remineralization agent, as the active compounds in chewing gum is an advantage and a new innovation in caries prevention. Aim: To analyze the effect of CPP-APP and propolis wax if both are combined in a chewing gum formulation, observed from the calcium and phosphate ion level released by CPPACP and the emphasis of S.mutans biofilm mass by propolis wax, towards cariesactive subjects’ saliva.Methods: Chewing simulation being done in vitro to 25 caries-active subjects’ saliva sample using five concentrations of chewing gums (0%propolis,0%CPP-ACP; 0%propolis+CPP-ACP; 2%propolis+CPP-ACP; 4%propolis+CPP-ACP; 6%propolis+CPP-ACP), then being tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to analyze calcium ion level, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer to analyze phosphate ion level, and biofilm assay using crystal violet to analyze the decline in biofilm mass.Results: After chewing simulation, calcium ion level on saliva+gum eluent have increased significantly compared to saliva control, with the highest calcium level released by CPP-ACP +2%propolis chewing gum. There is insignificant phosphate level change between saliva control and saliva + gum eluent. There is also significant decline of S.mutans biofilm mass in the saliva + gum eluent, most decline by CPP-ACP chewing gum and CPP-ACP+6%propolis. Conclusion: CPP-ACP-Propolis chewing simulation generate the increase of calcium and phosphate ion level and the decline in S.mutans biofilm mass of caries-active subjects’ saliva"

"ECC terjadi akibat pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas saliva. Objektif: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog stimulated yang diisolasi dari ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Metode: Uji biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dengan atau tanpa saliva autolog stimulated dilakukan dengan crystal violet binding assay. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan antara pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dan multi-species dengan atau tanpa saliva, namun dengan uji t-test tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog stimulated mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans serta ada kecendrungan pembentukan biofilm lebih tinggi pada multi-species.

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ECC occurs as a result of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans which is influenced by the quality of saliva.

Objective: Analyze the effects of stimulated autolog saliva that isolated from ECC to the biofilm formation Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans in vitro.

Methods: Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm with the application of stimulated autolog saliva was tested using crystal violet binding assay.

Result: There were differences of Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans and multi-species biofilm mass formation with or without saliva, but with t-test not significantly different (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm formation and there is a tendency of higher multi-species biofilm formation."

"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) disebabkan oleh bakteri kariogenik Mutans streptococci. Selain Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans banyak ditemukan pada anak ECC. Pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans dipengaruhi oleh saliva. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog unstimulated ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans. Metode: Mutans streptococci diisolasi dari saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dari Laboratorium Biologi Oral FKG UI. Nilai OD biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva dibandingkan secara single dan multi-species. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog menurunkan pembentukan biofilm Candida albicans.

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) caused by cariogenic bacteria Mutans streptococci. Other than Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans is also commonly found in ECC children. Biofilm formation of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans is affected by saliva.

Objective: To analyze the effect of autolog unstimulated saliva ECC against Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm.

Methods:Mutans streptococci isolated from saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 from Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans with or without saliva biofilm mass compared to single and multi species.

Result: Significant difference between groups of Candida albicans with or without saliva (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Saliva autolog reduces Candida albicans biofilm formation."

"Latar Belakang : Aktivitas fisik pada saat melakukan olahraga lari menstimulasi saraf simpatik yang dapat mempengaruhi sekresi dan komposisi saliva, termasuk salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein Protein saliva berperan dalam menghambat atau memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein terhadap pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis. Metode : Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari ditetapkan berdasarkan pengukuran VO2max dan riwayat lari rutin. Profil protein Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein ATCC 25175 pada pelari dan nonpelari diidentifikasi dengan uji SDS PAGE. Uji pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil : Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, baik pada waktu inkubasi 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Kesimpulan : Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm P.gingivalis terhadap pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277.

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Background : Physical activity during exercise induced sympathetic stimuli which may affect the secretion and composition of saliva, including anti S.mutans salivary protein. Salivary protein may act as inhibitor or facilitator on biofilm formation.

Objective : To analyze the effect of Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein towards the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

Method : The runners and non runners subjects were selected using VO2max measurement and running routine history. Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein profile from the runners and non runners group were identified using SDS PAGE method. Biofilm assay with crystal violet was used to test the formation of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Data was done using correlation test.

Result : Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein facilitate P. gingivalis biofilm formation on 3 and 24 hours incubation time.

Conclusion : Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein from runners and non runners facilitate P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 biofilm formation."

"Saliva and Streptococcus mutans play role in biofilm formation. Saliva and S.mutans virulence are different between subjects with and without caries. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of autolog saliva on biofilm formation of S. mutans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects. Materials and Methods: Saliva and plaque samples are obtained from caries and caries-free subjects. Plaque samples were cultured on TYS20B for 3 days. Selected colonies were picked and cultured on TSB for 3 days. After colony counting, biofilm assay was conducted and inoculated for one day. The biofilm was tested using crystal violet binding assay and quantified by measuring the optical density at 655 nm wavelength. Result: The optical density of S. muttans biofilm isolated from subjects with caries were different from taste with no caries. Biofilm formation of S. muttans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects with and without the presence of autolog saliva were different. Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences S. mutans biofilm formation and there is a tendency that is higher than those from subjects with no caries. "