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"ABSTRAKLIGA merupakan kombinasi 3 jenis proses yaitu lithography, electroplating danmolding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan proses seedlesselectroplatingdengan kombinasi maskless-lithography dalam proses LIGA. Hal inidapat dilakukan dengan cara memodifikasi sumber cahaya pada proses photolithographymenggunakan sinar tampak dari proyektor DLP komersial dansubstitusi proses sputtering dengan melakukan wet chemical etching menggunakanHF. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada karakterisasi hasil proses seedlesselectroplatingtersebut. Karakterisasi hasil seedless-electroplating dilakukandengan variasi voltase dan waktu. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan kombinasiparameter yang optimal pada voltase 7,5 V dengan waktu 30 detik denganperubahan berat perluasan silikon -0,87 mg/cm2, ketebalan yang dihasilkan berkisar±1,5 μm dengan resolusi berkisar ±10 μm dan dengan nilai Roughness (Ra)±0,3117 μm.

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ABSTRACTLIGA is a combination of three types of processes namely lithography,electroplating and molding. This study aims to develop Seedless-electroplatingprocess with a combination of maskless-lithography in LIGA process. This can bedone by modifying the light source to the photo-lithography process using visiblelight from commercial DLP projectors and substitution sputtering process by wetchemical etching using HF. This study focuses on the characterization results of theelectroplating process-Seedless. Characterization results Seedless-electroplating isdone with a variety of voltage and time. From this study, the optimal combinationof parameters on voltage of 7.5 V with a time of 30 seconds with a weight changes-0.87 mg silicon surface gr/cm2, the resulting thickness ranges from ± 1.5 μm withresolutions ranging from ± 10 μm and the Roughness values (Ra) ± 0.3117 μm."

"This study aims to combine the seedless-electroplating process with maskless-lithography, as an alternative for Lithografie, Galvanoformung, Abformung (LIGA) or Lithography, Electroplating and Molding with a normal, simpler, and cheaper semiconductor process with tolerable results for nickel electroplating. This study reports the results of various voltages on seedless-electroplating over time, where the optimal combination occurs at an exposure of 7.5 Volts of Direct Current (VDC) for 30 seconds. The thickness of electroplated metal is at a range of ±1.5µm. Moreover, a resolution of ±10µm and roughness (Ra) of ±0.31µm was achieved during the metal deposition process."

"Surging merupakan salah satu fenomena penting dalam proses pengeboran minyak. Surging merupakan tekanan tinggi yang terjadi saat casing atau pipa pengeboran drill string dimasukkan ke dalam sumur. Jika tekanan surging lebih tinggi dari tekanan formasi tanah akan menyebabkan lost circulation dan memunculkan ancaman terhadap safety dan lingkungan Surging dikendalikan oleh parameter reologi fluida pengeboran dan hidrolika.Penelitian tentang karakteristik tekanan surging pada sumur pengeboran telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memahami pengaruh reologi fluida dan kecepatan drill string Penelitian dilakukan dengan skala laboratorium dengan eksperimental setup berupa pipa akrilik berdiameter 54 mm dengan panjang 3 meter yang berfungsi sebagai lubang pengeboran dan pipa besi berdiameter 33 mm yang berfungsi sebagai sepanjang 3 meter yang berfungsi sebagai drill string. Tekanan pada dinding sumur diukur menggunakan pressure differential tranducer pada berbagai kecepatan drill string dan beberapa jenis fluida pengeboran. Fluida pengeboran yang digunakan adalah air dan campuran air dengan Bentonite dengan berbagai konsentrasi.Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa reologi fluida pengeboran dan kecepatan drill string mempengaruhi tekanan surging Hasil pengukuran juga menunjukkan kesesuaian yang baik dengan model matematisnya. Dari penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa naiknya konsentrasi bentonite maupun kecepatan drill string menyebabkan tekanan surge yang dihasilkan juga akan semakin besar.

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Surging is one of the important phenomena in process of oil drilling well. Surging is a high pressure that occurs when the casing or drill string is lowered or run into the well. If the surging pressure higher than formation pressure it will cause lost circulation and evoke a threat to safety and environment. Surging is controlled by parameter of drilling fluid rheology and hydraulics.

Research on the characteristics of surging pressure in drilling wells has been conducted in order to understand the influence of the fluid rheology and the speed of the drill string. The study was conducted by a laboratory scale experimental setup with a 54 mm diameter acrylic pipe with length of 3 meters which serves as drilling holes and 33 mm diameter steel pipe with length 3 meters which serves as the drill string. Pressure on the wall of the well was measured using a differential pressure transducer at various speed drill string and several type of drilling fluid The drilling fluid used is water and water mixed with Bentonite with various concentrations.

The experimental results showed that the drilling fluid rheology and the speed of the drill string affect surging pressure The measurement results also showed good agreement with mathematical models. From the study it was concluded that the increase in the concentration of Bentonite or speed drill string causes pressure surges generated will also be greater."

"ABSTRAKSebagai negara berkembang, di Indonesia pelaksanaan proyek untuk pembangunan sedang marak, salah satunya adalah proyek konstruksi bangunan industri. Dalam pelaksanaan proyek EPC bangunan industri yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan BUMN konstruksi di Indonesia masih sering dijumpai keterlambatan yang mengarahkan kepada buruknya performa proyek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengurangi keterlambatan pelaksanaan proyek EPC Industrial Plant. Evaluasi proyek dengan bantuan Microsoft Project dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai masalah yang menyebabkan keterlambatan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perbaikan proses baru dalam pelaksanaan proyek dengan menggunakan konsep dari business process reengineering dalam mencapai penurunan waktu dari pekerjaan mechanical engineering pada proyek. Hasil pemetaan dari perbaikan dengan bantuan Microsoft Project tersebut memberikan penurunan waktu pelaksanaan proyek hingga 64.

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ABSTRACTAs a Developing Country, many construction projects are being held in Indonesia, including construction projects for Industrial Plant. However, on the execution, many construction projects for industrial plant have suffered from schedule delays that results to the poor project performance. The purpose of this research is to reduce delays of Industrial Plant EPC Project. In order to solve the delay problem, a project and its delay problems are evaluated and a clear understanding of EPC project business process are studied in this research. This study resulted in new improved process of project execution with adopting business process reengineering concept to achieve time reduction in mechanical engineering task in the project. The results of the improvement shown using Microsoft Project give the most significant result in time reduction, with a percentage reduction up to 64."

"Rendahnya tingkat penggunaan bahan bakar, bertenaga, ringan merupakan faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk merancang kendaraan yang diikut serta dalam kompetisi tahunan Shell Eco-marathon. Kompetisi ini meransang jiwa enjiniiring insinyur-insinyur muda untuk merancang kendaraan inovatif yang mampu berjalan ribuan kilometer untuk setiap liter bahan bakarnya. Mendesain, Membangun, Mempraktikannya untuk membuktikan bahwa hasil rancangan mereka benar-benar berhasil. Tulisan ini mempresentasikan kajian teoritis dan optimasi mesin otto satu silinder empat langkah berkapasitas 65 cc hasil rancangan tim riset berdasarkan teori motor pembakaran dalam dengan mengoptimasi rumus-rumus empiris pada perhitungan siklus termodinamika, dengan tujuan hasil perhitungan masih dalam batasan nilai input untuk mengkalkulasi komponen-komponen mesin hasil rancangan. Mesin ini dirancang untuk kompetisi hemat energi seperti Shell Eco-marathon.

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Low rates of fuel utilization, high power, and low weight of the vehicle are some factors that need to be considered while participating in the annual Shell Ecomarathon competition. This competition stimulates the sense of engineering of young engineers to design an innovative vehicle which can run through thousands of kilometers on a liter of fuel. Design, build, and run the vehicle to proof that it is really work.

This paper present the theoretical study on 65cc Four-Stroke Onecylinder Spark-Ignition Engine, based on Internal Combustion Engine theory with optimize the empirical value of thermodynamic cycle due to the calculation results are still within the limits of input value for calculating the components used for designing. This engine is designed for fuel-saving competition like Shell Eco-marathon."

"Volume penumpukan sampah yang belum dapat ditangani di wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu sebesar ±405 m3, angka ini merupakan jumlah penumpukan sampah yang terdapat pada jalur air dan sungai-sungai di kawasan padat penduduk. Akses bagi kendaraan berat yang sulit, menyebabkan kebutuhan akan peralatan alternatif dengan mobilisasi yang tinggi, salah satu alternatifnya berupa excavator amfibi. Excavator amfibi yang dikembangkan memiliki batasan berupa lebar sungai yang merupakan daerah operasi kerja sebesar 5 m dan mampu menangani volume penumpukan sampah kurang dari jam kerja maksimal, yaitu 8 jam/hari. Berdasarkan batasan desain tersebut, dihasilkan sebuah pengembangan berupa excavator mini amfibi dengan kapasitas bucket 0.4 m3, yang memiliki ukuran pontoon dengan desain catamaran sebesar: LOA = 5.3 m; Lpp = 5 m; B = 3 m; H = 1.5 m; T = 1.2 m. Serta dihasilkan aspek-aspek desain berupa karakteristik lambung pontoon, material dan dimensi plat, spesifikasi pengelasan, mooring system, hambatan, dan daya main engine (propulsi).

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The volume of trash accumulation which can’t be handled on DKI Jakarta is ±405 m3, this amount is the trash accumulation’s volume which is existed in water ways and rivers on the dense population. Difficulties for heavy equipment's access makes the need of alternative equipment with high mobility, and one of the alternatives is amphibious excavator. The amphibious excavator which is developed has constrains such as 5 m of the minimum river width and could handle the accumulation of trash within maximum working hour as 8 hour/day. Based on those constrains, developed a mini amphibious excavator design with bucket capacity 0.4 m3, which has a catamaran pontoon with the dimension: LOA = 5.3 m; Lpp = 5 m; B = 3 m; H = 1.5 m; T = 1.2 m. And also resulted another design aspects such as the characteristic of pontoon's hull, material and dimension of plate, welding specification, mooring system, drag, and main engine power (propulsion)."

"[ABSTRAKMaterial Bake Hardening merupakan material yang memiliki sifat mudah dideformasi sebelum diberi perlakuan panas dan sulit dideformasi setelah diberi perlakuan panas. Material ini merupakan material baru yang digunakan pada industri otomotif untuk digunakan pada kerangka mobil dan badan mobil. Material ini akan disambungkan menggunakan mesin Resistance Spot Welding. Resistance Spot Welding merupakan salah satu jenis pengelasan yang banyak digunakan di industri otomotif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari parameter kuat arus dari mesin resistance spot welding pada material bake hardening. Penyambungan material bake hardening ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin resistance spot welding dengan pemberian kuat arus 8kA, 9kA, 10kA, 11kA dan 12kA. Pengujian yang dilakukan antara lain pengujian kekerasan, geser, pengamatan SEM, dan metalografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan optimum yaitu 5,68kN dan kekerasan optimum yaitu 237,34 VHN didapat pada sampel yang diberi kuat arus sebesar 11kA. Pemberian kuat arus diatas 11kA akan menyebabkan penurunan pada kekuatan dan kekerasan. Pola penjejakan kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa daerah nugget memiliki kekerasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan base metal. Struktur mikro juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin ke daerah nugget, butir semakin membesar dan fasa bainite bertambah banyak.

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ABSTRACT

Bake Hardening material is a material that is easily deformed before being given a heat treatment and become a hard deformed after being heat-treated. This material is a new material used in the automotive industry for car frame and car body. This material will be welded using Resistance Spot Welding machine. Resistance Spot Welding is one type of welding that is widely used in the automotive industry. This study aims to determine the effect of the current welding parameters of resistance spot welding to bake hardening material. The joining of bake hardening material is performed using resistance spot welding machine with current 8kA, 9kA, 10kA, 11kA and 12kA. Tests performed include hardness testing, shear, SEM and metallography. The results showed that the optimum tensile strength is 5,68kN and optimum Vickers hardness is 237.34 VHN samples were obtained at a current of 11kA. Giving current 11kA above will cause a decrease in tensile strength and Vickers hardness. Hardness distribution of Vickers hardness shows that nugget area has a higher hardness than the base metal. Microstructure also shows that the area to the nugget, grain growing and increasing bainite phase.;Bake Hardening material is a material that is easily deformed before being given a heat treatment and become a hard deformed after being heat-treated. This material is a new material used in the automotive industry for car frame and car body. This material will be welded using Resistance Spot Welding machine. Resistance Spot Welding is one type of welding that is widely used in the automotive industry. This study aims to determine the effect of the current welding parameters of resistance spot welding to bake hardening material. The joining of bake hardening material is performed using resistance spot welding machine with current 8kA, 9kA, 10kA, 11kA and 12kA. Tests performed include hardness testing, shear, SEM and metallography. The results showed that the optimum tensile strength is 5,68kN and optimum Vickers hardness is 237.34 VHN samples were obtained at a current of 11kA. Giving current 11kA above will cause a decrease in tensile strength and Vickers hardness. Hardness distribution of Vickers hardness shows that nugget area has a higher hardness than the base metal. Microstructure also shows that the area to the nugget, grain growing and increasing bainite phase., Bake Hardening material is a material that is easily deformed before being given a heat treatment and become a hard deformed after being heat-treated. This material is a new material used in the automotive industry for car frame and car body. This material will be welded using Resistance Spot Welding machine. Resistance Spot Welding is one type of welding that is widely used in the automotive industry. This study aims to determine the effect of the current welding parameters of resistance spot welding to bake hardening material. The joining of bake hardening material is performed using resistance spot welding machine with current 8kA, 9kA, 10kA, 11kA and 12kA. Tests performed include hardness testing, shear, SEM and metallography. The results showed that the optimum tensile strength is 5,68kN and optimum Vickers hardness is 237.34 VHN samples were obtained at a current of 11kA. Giving current 11kA above will cause a decrease in tensile strength and Vickers hardness. Hardness distribution of Vickers hardness shows that nugget area has a higher hardness than the base metal. Microstructure also shows that the area to the nugget, grain growing and increasing bainite phase.]"

"Kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat dengan bertambahanya populasi manusia pada saat ini. Salah satu konsumsi energi terbesar adalah pada bidang industri khususnya pada gedung-gedung. Phase Change Material (PCM) merupaka salah satu solusi terhadap permasalahan kebutuhan energi ini. Beeswax merupakan salah satu PCM dengan kapasitas kalor yang tinggi. Material ini akan diuji dan dianalisis pada penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat termal dari komposit beeswax dan nanopartikel CuO. Titik leleh dan kapasitas termal dari nano-PCM akan dianalisis dengan metodologi DSC (Different Scanning Calorymeter). Titik leleh dari nano-PCM menurun sebesar 0.6,0.63,0.66,1.07,1.41oC untuk 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25 wt % secara berurutan. Tidak ada reaksi kimia diantara beeswax dan nanopartikel CuO berdasarkan hasil dari tes FTIR. Penambahan nanopartikel CuO akan meningkatkan kemampuan perpindahan kalor dari komposit, akan tetapi menurunkan kapasitas kalor dari komposit tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah didapatkan, penambahan nanopartikel akan meningkatkan kecepatan penghantaran kalor dibandingkan dengan material dasar.The demand of energy is increased in recent days. Experimental and implementation of phase change material as thermal storage is gained greater attention as solution to energy issue. Beeswax as one of phase change material with high thermal capacity is investigated in this paper. The objective of this paper is to analyze thermal properties and behaviors of beeswax-CuO Nano-PCM. The melting temperature and thermal capacity of nano-PCMs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry test. The melting temperature of nano-PCM decreased by 0.6,0.63,0.66,1.07,1.41oC for 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25 wt %,respectively. There was no chemical reaction between CuO and beeswax based on FTIR test. Existing of CuO nanoparticles enhanced thermal conductivity of beeswax. Addition of CuO nanoparticles reduced heat capacity of beeswax. However, the change of latent heat would not cause significant effect towards the performance of beeswax-CuO. Thus, based on result, heat transfer of composite beeswax-CuO could be faster than base phase change material."

"ABSTRAKSeiring dengan bertambahnya gedung bertingkat serta meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan parkir maka pembangunan lantai basement di Jakarta semakin banyak. Lantai basement yang relatif tertutup membutuhkan sistem proteksi kebakaran khusus terutama pada sistem pengendalian asap. Salah satu alat yang digunakan sebagai pengendali asap di lantai basement adalah jet fan atau car park blower. Walaupun jet fan telah banyak digunakan tetapi belum ada aturan yang mengatur spesifikasi dan pemasangannya. Oleh karena ini, penilitian ini melakukan karakterisasi jet fan pada skala laboratorium.Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap. Pertama, membuat model jet fan dengan menggunakan analisis nondimensional. Kedua, pengukuran kecepatan putaran jet fan. Ketiga, pengukuran debit aliran dengan orifice plates sesuai standar ISO 5167-2. Keempat, pengukuran profil kecepatan pada sisi tiup jet fan. Kelima, visualisai penyebaran asap yang ditiupkan oleh jet fan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kecepatan putar fan mempengaruhi debit aliran, momentum aliran, dan lebar tiupan asap oleh jet fan. Dengan hasil tersebut, diketahui bahwa jet fan yang telah dibuat dapat diterapkan pada ekperimen kebakaran basement sebagai eksperimen selanjutnya.

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ABSTRACTAs the number of high rise buldings and the need for parking space increases, the need for basement floor also grows.Relatively closed basement floor requires a special fire protection system, especially in the smoke control system. One of the tools used as the controller of smoke in the basement is jet fan or car park blower. Although the jet fan has been widely used, there are no rules governing its specification and installation. Therefore, this research was conducted to characterize the jet fan on a laboratory scale.This research was conducted in several stages. First, creating a model jet fan using nondimensional analysis. Second, measuring the speed of jet fan rotation. Third, measuring the flow rate using orifice plates, in accordance to the ISO 5167-2 standard. Fourth, measuring the speed profile of a jet fan’s discharge outlet. Fifth, visualizating the spread of smoke that was blown by a jet fan. Results from this study indicate that the fan rotational speed affects flow, flow momentum, and the smoke’s width blown by the jet fan.With these results, it is known this jet fan model can be applied to a basement fire experiments as a further experiment."