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"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui identitas khamir yang hidup pada putik bunga Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn dan saluran pencernaan Apis mellifera L., lebah pengumpul polen yang mengunjungi bunga Ceiba pentandra. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir yang terdiri dari tiga isolat dari putik bunga Ceiba pentandra dan sembilan isolat dari saluran pencernaan Apis mellifera digunakan pada penelitian. Isolat-isolat khamir diidentifikasi berdasarkan hasil Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST) data sequence daerah ITS rDNA, analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan alat reproduksi seksual dan aseksual. Primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4 digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA. Hasil elektroforesis gel produk PCR menunjukkan ukuran daerah ITS rDNA isolat khamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 hingga 800 pb. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 12 isolat khamir terdiri dari enam species. Lima species khamir termasuk ke dalam phylum Ascomycota, order Saccharomycetales, class Saccharomycetes dan satu species khamir termasuk ke dalam phylum Basidiomycota, order Tremellales,dan class Tremellomycetes. Tiga isolat khamir dari putik bunga C. pentandra diidentifikasi sebagai Bullera coprosmaensis (JZ137), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ053), dan Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ051). Sembilan isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan A. mellifera diidentifikasi sebagai Candida fermentatii (JZ059 dan JZ060), Candida mesorugosa (JZ057, JZ058, dan JZ063), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ064 dan JZ065), Candida parapsilosis (JZ066), dan Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ061). Dua species khamir yaitu Candida orthopsilosis dan Debaryomces hansenii ditemukan pada putik C. pentandra dan saluran pencernaan A. mellifera.

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The aim of this study was to identify yeasts from the pistils of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn and digestive tracts of pollen collecting bee, Apis mellifera L. Twelve yeast isolates were identified which were consisted of three isolates from the pistils of C. pentandra and nine isolates from digestive tracts of A. mellifera. Identification was based on homology sequences analysis using Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST), phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and observation of sexual and asexual reproduction. The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify ITS region rDNA of the isolates. Gel electrophoresis results showed that the size of ITS region of the isolates were varied on the range of 400--800 bp.

The results showed that twelve yeast isolates were identified as six species. Taxonomically, five species belong to phylum Ascomycota, order Saccharomycetales, class Saccharomycetes and one species belong to phylum Basidiomycota order Tremellales, class Tremellomycetes. Three yeast isolates from the pistils of C. pentandra were identified as Bullera coprosmaensis (JZ137), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ053), and Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ051). Nine yeast isolates from digestive tracts of pollen collecting A. mellifera were identified as Candida fermentatii (JZ059 & JZ060), Candida mesorugosa (JZ057, JZ058, dan JZ063), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ064 & JZ065), Candida parapsilosis (JZ066), and Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ061). Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida orthopsilosis were found on the pistils of C. pentandra and digestive tracts of A. mellifera."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah madu Apis mellifera L. yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) di Jepara. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir yang terdiri atas 3 isolat dari saluran pencernaan lebah pejantan (drone) dan 9 isolat dari lebah pekerja pengumpul polen (pollen collecting bees, PCB) diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Primer yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi daerah ITS adalah primer forward ITS1 atau primer reverse ITS4. Hasil elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan daerah ITS rDNA khamirkhamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 pb hingga 750 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence daerah ITS rDNA melalui program basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan karakter morfologi, 12 isolat tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam empat genus dan tujuh spesies. Berdasarkan taksonomi, khamir-khamir tersebut termasuk kedalam family Candidaceae dan Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam spesies Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ078), C. orthopsilosis (isolat JZ068 dan JZ069), C. parapsilosis (isolat JZ067 dan JZ095), Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ083 dan JZ096), Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ094), Zygosaccharomyces mellis (isolat JZ075), dan Z. siamensis (isolat JZ054,JZ055, dan JZ056).

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The aim of this research was to determine the identity of the yeasts isolated from the digestive tract of honey bee Apis mellifera that visit flowers of kapok (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) in Jepara. A total of 12 yeast isolates consist of 3 isolates from digestive tract of drones and 9 isolates from digestive tract of pollen collecting bees (PCB) were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS rDNA of yeasts. The results of electrophoresis of PCR products showed ITS region rDNA of yeast isolates varied between 400bp--750 bp. Based on sequence homology search results by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates were identified into four genera and seven species. Taxonomically, 11 isolates belong to family Candidaceae and Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes of the phylum Ascomycota. Those isolates were identified as species Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ078), C. orthopsilosis (isolat JZ068 and JZ069), C. parapsilosis (isolat JZ067 and JZ095), Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ083 and JZ096), Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ094), Zygosaccharomyces mellis (isolat JZ075), and Z. siamensis (isolat JZ054, JZ055, and JZ056)."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah pekerja pengumpul polen (pollen collecting bees, PCB) Apis mellifera. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan PCB yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk Ceiba pentandra di Jepara, Jawa Tengah, diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Amplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA menggunakan primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4. Elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan bahwa daerah ITS rDNA khamir-khamir tersebut berukuran antara 400--900 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence menggunakan program basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor Joining (NJ), dan karakterisasi morfologi, 12 isolat khamir tersebut terdiri dari tujuh spesies yang termasuk dalam lima genus. Secara taksonomi, seluruh khamir tersebut termasuk phylum Ascomycota, class Hemiascomycetes, dan order Saccharomycetales. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ002), Candida orthopsilosis (isolat JZ003, JZ008, JZ011, dan JZ034), Candida rugosa (isolat JZ010); Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ001); Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ013 dan JZ014), Pichia guilliermondii (isolat JZ015), dan Zygosaccharomyces siamensis (isolat JZ005 dan JZ006).

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The aim of this study was to obtain the identity of yeasts from digestive tracts of pollen collecting bees (PCB) Apis mellifera. A total of 12 yeast isolates obtained from digestive tract of PCB foraging on flowers Ceiba pentandra in Jepara, Central Java, were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS region rDNA. Gel electrophoresis result showed that the size of ITS rDNA of those yeast were varied between 400--900 base pairs. Based on sequence homology search using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates belong to five genera and seven species. Taxonomically, all of those isolates belong to order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes from the phylum Ascomycota. Those 12 isolates were identified as species Candida magnoliae (isolate JZ002); Candida orthopsilosis (isolates JZ003, JZ008, JZ011, and JZ034); Candida rugosa (isolate JZ010); Debaryomyces hansenii (isolate JZ001); Meyerozyma caribbica (isolates JZ013 and JZ014); Pichia guilliermondii (isolate JZ015); and Zygosaccharomyces siamensis (isolates JZ005 and JZ006)."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah pekerja pengumpul nektar (nectar collecting bee, NCB) Apis mellifera yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) di Jepara. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) rDNA. Primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4 digunakan untuk amplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA. Hasil elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan ukuran daerah ITS rDNA isolat khamir-khamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 pb hingga 800 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence daerah ITS rDNA m2elalui program Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan karakter morfologi, 12 isolat khamir tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam empat genus dan lima spesies. Berdasarkan taksonomi, 11 isolat khamir termasuk ke dalam anggota order Sacharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota dan satu isolat termasuk ke dalam anggota order Ustilaginales, class Ustilaginomycetes dari phylum Basidiomycota. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Candida parapsilosis (JZ102, JZ105, JZ116, dan JZ121), Candida rugosa (JZ117, JZ121), Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ100, JZ113, JZ118), Meyerozyma caribbica (JZ124, JZ125), dan Pseudozyma sp. (JZ104).

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The aim of this study was to identify the yeast isolates from the digestive tracts of nectar collecting bees (NCB) of Apis mellifera. A total of 12 yeast isolates from the digestive tracts of NCB foraging on flowers of Ceiba pentandra in Jepara, Central Java, were identified based on sequence data of Internal Transcribed Spacers Regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS rDNA of the isolates. Gel electrophoresis results showed that the size of ITS region rDNA of the isolates were varied on the range of 400 bp -- 800 bp. Based on sequence homology search results by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates were identified into four genera and five species. Taxonomically, 11 isolates belong to order Sacharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes from the phylum Ascomycota and 1 isolate belongs to order Ustilaginales, class Ustilaginomycetes from the phylum Basidiomycota. Those isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis (JZ102, JZ105, JZ116, and JZ121), Candida rugosa (JZ117, JZ121), Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ100, JZ113, JZ118), Meyerozyma caribbica (JZ124, JZ125), and Pseudozyma sp. (JZ104). "

"The research on exploration and study of garcinia L.varieties at Souith Sumatera based on source of macromorfology evidences had been done from June to November 2004 which was located on some areas at South Sumatra...."

"Penelitian terhadap tanaman pepaya Carica papaya L varietas IPB9 Callina dilakukan untuk menentukan stabilitas genetik F1 terkait ekspresi seks pada tanaman tersebut Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati organ generatif pada tanaman pepaya IPB9 yakni bunga betina dan bunga hermaprodit Stabilitas genetik F1 ditentukan berdasarkan Hukum Mendel II mengenai pasangan bebas dari setiap gen dan alel pada tanaman pepaya IPB9 Dari 100 tanaman pepaya IPB9 F1 yang ditanam di perkebunan pepaya komersial milik Bapak Petri di Parung Bogor didapatkan jumlah tanaman betina sebanyak 31 tanaman dan tanaman hermaprodit sebanyak 69 tanaman Hasil penghitungan jumlah bunga dari 31 tanaman pepaya betina didapatkan 55 bunga sedangkan dari 69 tanaman pepaya hermaprodit didapatkan 92 bunga Perbandingan jumlah tanaman pepaya betina dengan jumlah tanaman pepaya hermaprodit sebesar 1 banding 2 begitu pula dengan jumlah bunga pada tanaman pepaya betina dengan jumlah bunga pada tanaman pepaya hermaprodit sebesar 1 banding 2 Hasil pengamatan anatomi dari 92 bunga hermaprodit yang tumbuh semuanya adalah jenis elongata Stabilitas genetik F1 terkait variasi ekspresi seks pada tanaman pepaya varietas IPB9 sesuai dengan Hukum Mendel.

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Research has been conducted for papaya Carica papaya L var IPB9 Callina to find out about the genetic stability on F1 linked to sex expression in that plant Research conducted by observing female flowers and hermaprodhite flowers which are generative organs of papaya IPB9 The genetic stability of F1 based on Mendel's second law about independent assortment on every genes and alleles in that papaya IPB9 plant About 100 F1 IPB9 papaya tree were planted in a commercial papaya plantation owned by Mr Petri in Parung Bogor have been founded female tree number as many as 31 trees and hermaphrodite tree as many as 69 trees The total number flower from 31 female trees are 55 flowers while from 69 hermaphrodite trees obtained 92 papaya flowers Thus the ratio number of female and hermaphrodite is 1 to 2 Anatomical observations of 92 hermaphroditic flowers in hermaphrodite trees are totally elongata Based on the amount of female trees and hermphrodite trees the amount of female flowers and hermaphodrite flowers and also the kind of all hermaphrodite flowers are elongata genetic stability of F1 linked to sex expression of papaya var IPB9 is corresponding to Mendelian's Law."

"Uji aktivitas antivirus ekstrak etanol daun angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) menyatakan bahwa daun angsana berpotensi sebagai media pengobatan demam berdarah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun angsana dengan tingkatan dosis 0,5 , 5, 50, dan 500 mg/kg bb terhadap morfologi fetus mencit galur DDY. Bahan uji diberikan secara oral sejak hari ke-6 hingga hari ke-15 kebuntingan. Induk mencit dikorbankan dan dibedah caesar pada hari ke-18 kebuntingan. Pengamatan meliputi jumlah corpus luteum, jumlah kematian dan resorpsi, jenis kelamin fetus, penimbangan berat badan fetus, pengukuran panjang fetus, serta pengamatan visual terhadap kelengkapan morfologi fetus. Hasil uji anava (P>0,05) menyatakan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun angsana tidak memengaruhi jumlah implantasi, berat dan panjang badan fetus, serta jenis kelamin fetus. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis (P>0,05) menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah fetus hidup, mati, resorpsi dan kelainan morfologi, sedangkan hasil uji Mann-Whitney (P>0,05) terhadap berat plasenta menunjukkan ada pengaruh nyata akibat pemberian ekstrak etanol daun angsana.

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Antiviral activity of ethanol extract of angsana leaves (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) showed that angsana potentially as dengue fever treatment. This study was performed to examine the influence of ethanol extract of angsana leaves at dose level 0,5 , 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg bw to mice fetus DDY strain. Substance test given by oral at 6th until 15th gestation period. At the 18th gestation, mice were euthanased by caesarian sectioned. Observation include the number of corpus luteum, number of death and resorption, weight body and crown-rump of fetus, and observation to completeness of morphological visually.

Anava test (P>0,05) showed that ethanol extract of angsana leaves did not influence the implantation number, fetus weight and crown-rump, and fetus sex. Kruskal-Wallis test (P>0,05) showed that there is no significant difference on alive, dead, and resorption fetus; and morphological abnormality, whereas Mann-Whitney test (P>0,05) on placenta weight showed there is significant difference due to administration of ethanol extract of angsana leaves."

"P. falciparum, salah satu parasit penyebab malaria, melekat pada plasenta dan menyebabkan kehamilan malnutrisi. Dampak buruknya ialah BBLR dan pemrograman janin yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif di kemudian hari. Plasenta diduga akan beradaptasi terhadap kondisi malnutrisi dengan meningkatkan jumlah salinan mtDNA. Polimorfisme T16189C dilaporkan berasosiasi dengan jumlah salinan mtDNA, BBLR, dan penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara jumlah salinan mtDNA, berat lahir, dan polimorfisme T16189C di Timika, Papua, yang merupakan daerah endemik malaria. Jumlah salinan mtDNA diestimasi dengan metode qRT-PCR, sedangkan polimorfisme T16189C dideteksi dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil analisis pada 52 sampel plasenta terinfeksi P. falciparum menunjukkan indikasi awal peningkatan rasio mtDNA terhadap berat lahir (r = 0,09, p = 0,521). Korelasi mtDNA dengan berat lahir ditemukan lebih kuat pada multigravida (r = 0,235) dibandingkan primigravida (r < 0,001). Diduga adaptasi berupa peningkatan rasio mtDNA dipengaruhi secara antagonis oleh komplikasi infeksi malaria. Frekuensi T16189C ditemukan pada 15 dari 126 sampel (12%). Tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara T16189C dengan berat lahir (p =0,57). Hal tersebut karena pengaruh T16189C tertutupi oleh infeksi malaria dan asupan nutrisi. T16189C ditemukan tidak berasosiasi dengan jumlah salinan mtDNA, namun wild-type T (r = 0,08) terindikasi berkorelasi lebih kuat dengan peningkatan mtDNA dibandingkan varian C (r = 0,01). Diperlukan jumlah sampel yang lebih banyak dan kontrol bebas infeksi malaria untuk studi selanjutnya.

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Malaria parasite, P. falciparum, has the properties to sequester in the placenta, consequently cause malnutrition in pregnancy. It is suggested that the adverse effects are LBW and fetal programming leading to degenerative diseases in later life. It is hypothesized that placenta will adapt with malnutrition by increasing mtDNA copy number. T16189C is associated with mtDNA copy number, LBW, and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between mtDNA copy number, birth weight, and T16189C in Timika, Papua, which enlisted as malaria endemic region. MtDNA copy number was determined using qRT-PCR, while T16189C polymorphism is detected using PCR-RFLP. Analysis of 52 falciparum-infected placenta samples indicated that mtDNA ratio increased proportionally with birth weight (r = 0,09, p = 0,521). Stronger correlation was found in multigravidae as compared to primigravidae, suggesting placental adaptation by increasing mtDNA copy number was influenced antagonistically by malaria infections. T16189C was detected in 15 of 126 samples (12%) but no association was found between T16189C and birth weight (p = 0,57). The presence of confounding factors, such as malaria infection and nutrition supply, might masked the effect of T16189C. The result showed no association between T16189C and mtDNA copy number, even though wild-type T (r = 0,08) showed stronger correlation with mtDNA copy number than variant C (r = 0,01). More samples and uninfected control are needed in futher study."