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"Tesis ini membahas perubahan kebijakan AS terhadap terorisme melalui kacamata sekuritisasi untuk dapat memahami mengapa dan bagaimana perubahan sekuritisasi terjadi di negara tersebut pada masa Pemerintahan George W. Bush dan Barack H. Obama Tahun 2001-2012. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat variasi sekuritisasi terorisme yang terjadi pada masa Pemerintahan Bush dan Obama. Variasi ini dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor yang terkait dengan elemen-elemen sekuritisasi. Hasil penelitian juga menyarankan untuk dilakukannya pengembangan teori sekuritisasi secara lebih luas lagi sehingga memungkinkan untuk digunakan sebagai panduan pembelajaran bagi negara dalam menghadapi ancaman terorisme.

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This thesis discussed the change of U.S. policy to terrorism through the lens of securitization in order to be able to understand why and how securitization change happened in U.S. during the George W. Bush and Barack H. Obama Administrations in 2001-2012. This research is descriptive-comparative research with qualitative approach. From the result of this research, there is variation of terrorism securitization during Bush and Obama Administrations periods. This variation is influenced by number of factors which are related with the elements of securitization. The result also suggested to develop securitization theory more broadly therefore it could be used as a study reference for countries in responding the terrorism threat.

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"Skripsi ini membahas sekuritisasi isu terorisme oleh National Security Council (NSC) Amerika Serikat pasca peristiwa 9/11 dalam periode Pemerintahan George W. Bush dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan teori sekuritisasi. Situasi yang terjadi pada masa itu adalah Amerika Serikat yang dikejutkan dengan terjadinya peristiwa 9/11. Peristiwa tersebut mendorong extraordinary measures dari pemerintah Amerika Serikat untuk mencegah peristiwa terorisme seperti 9/11 kembali terulang. Sekuritisasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintahan Bush terdiri dari speech act, pencanangan undang–undang, Global War on Terrorism hingga Perang Irak. Dalam proses speech act, terdapat pengaruh dari tokoh-tokoh dalam lingkaran NSC selain Presiden George W. Bush yang ikut berperan mensekuritisasi peristiwa 9/11 dan Global War on Terrorism. Dalam proses sekuritisasi yang terjadi, media memainkan peran yang besar sebagai alat yang berfungsi mengamplifikasi langkah–langkah sekuritisasi terorisme yang diambil oleh Pemerintahan George W. Bush. Media juga berperan dalam menjadikan respon publik terhadap tindakan–tindakan sekuritisasi yang diambil oleh pemerintah menjadi positif. Akhirnya, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa langkah–langkah sekuritisasi yang diambil oleh Pemerintahan Amerika Serikat bersifat politis dan melibatkan aktor lain dalam lingkaran NSC Presiden Bush yang kemudian menggunakan isu terorisme untuk mendorong sekuritisasi terorisme yang bereskalasi menjadi Perang Irak

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This undergraduate thesis discusses the securitization of terrorism carried out by the United States NSC after the events of 9/11 in the period of George W. Bush's administration by using qualitative research methods and securitization theory. The situation which occurred at that time portray how the United States was truly shocked by the events of 9/11. The event prompted extraordinary measures from the United States government to prevent terrorism events such as 9/11 to happen again. The securitization carried out by the Bush Administration consisted of a speech act, declaration of laws, Global War on Terrorism and the Iraq War. In the process of expressing speech acts, there were influences from figures within the NSC circle other than President George W. Bush who took part in securitizing the events of 9/11 and the Global War on Terrorism. In the process of securitization that occurred, the media played a large role as a tool that served to amplify the securitization steps of terrorism taken by the George W. Bush Administration. Finally, this paper conclude that the steps of securitization taken by the United States Government are essentially political and involve other actors in the NSC circle of President Bush who then use the issue of terrorism to encourage the securitization of terrorism which further essentially escalates into the Iraq War."

"Pertarungan presiden tahun 2008 tidak hanya menjadi sejarah, tapi juga menciptakan antusiasme dan ketertarikan yang tinggi terhadap politik. Bagaimana pun juga, ini menjadi pertarungan yang berbeda dalam sejarah Amerika. Skripsi ini melihat pada satu kandidat, Barack Obama. Orang Afrika-Amerika pertama calon presiden dari partainya menghadapi John McCain dari partai Republik dalam pemilihan umum. Skripsi ini menganalisa strategi pencitraan diri Barack Hussein Obama dalam penealonan sebagai presiden Amerika Serikat. Sebagai model perubahan, Obama muncul sebagai jawaban bagi Warga Amerika Serikat yang menginginkan agar presiden baru tidak lagi berasal dari partai yang sama setelah hampir dua periode 2000-2008 jabatan presiden dari partai Republik. Selain itu faktor ekonomi serta popularitas yang buruk dari presiden pendahulu. Obama mampu merangkul semua lapisan dan telah mengumpulkan lebih dari 270 electoral vote dan memenangkan 52,63 persen popular vote.

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The 2008 presidential race has been historic, but it has also created an enthusiasm and a higher degree of interest in politics. At least in part, how this race is different from others in America's history. This thesis looks at one candidate, Barack Obama. The first African American to be his party?s presidential nominee face Senator John McCain of the Republican party and the first woman presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in the general election. This thesis analyzes the strategy of personal image Barack Hussein Obama in his candidacy as president of the United States. As a model of change, Obama emerged as an answer to the citizens of the United States who wants the new president will no longer come from the same party after nearly two periods 2000- 2008 presidency from the Republicans. in addition to economic factors and poor popularity of presidential predecessors. Obama is able to embrace all walks of life and has collected more than 270 electoral votes and won 52.63 percent of popular vote."

"Intense rivalry between the president and congress is inevitable in presidential electoral system that can produce divided party control of the two branches. Cooperation may be more likely when both the president and congress are of the some party. The give-and-take between national and local representation, deliberation and efficiency, openness and accountability, specific interests and the "public good" ensures a certain amount of confrontation between congress and the president. As we have seen, their relation are shaped by an amalgam of factors: constitutional design, dlifferet constituencies, different terms of office, weak political parties, divided party control of government, ongoing competition for power, and pluralism. Although the rivalry and conflict between Congress and the president are inherent in the US's Presidential system of government, president must find support in Congress and members must seek assistance from the White House. To succeed in office every president must surmount the constitutional and political obstacles to pass their legislative program and establish a working relationship with Congress. Separation of powers and the division of political control between president and congresses do not present an insurmountable barrier to good public policy making. Presidents need to lead both public opinion and a consensus among the policy communities in Congress to solve the problems that are so readily visible. Overcoming divided government, changing public opinion, building consensus, and establishing the nation's policy priorities."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini meneliti faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Donald Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS tahun 2016. Pemilu AS 2016 tidak bisa dilepaskan dari hegemoni neoliberal. Masyarakat AS tersegmentasi ke dalam kelas penguasa dan subaltern, begitu juga dengan kelompok Latino. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini menjabarkan secara kualitatif dua faktor yang memengaruhi dukungan pemilih Latino terhadap Trump yaitu faktor identifikasi partai dan orientasi isu dengan mengacu kepada kerangka teori perilaku memilih oleh Hugh Bone dan Austin Ranney. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam faktor identifikasi partai, Latino Evangelikal Protestan dan Mainline menunjukkan identifikasi kuat dengan Partai Republik. Selain itu, terdapat dukungan Latino konservatif terhadap Trump pada Pemilu Presiden AS 2016. Kemudian berdasarkan segmentasi kelas ditemukan bahwa kelas elit Latino di AS adalah orang-orang Kuba yang melarikan diri ke AS dan memiliki identifikasi yang kuat dengan Partai Republik. Sedangkan masyarakat Latino kelas bawah yang mendukung Trump berasal dari daerah pedesaan dan menderita false consciousness. Kemudian dalam faktor orientasi isu, terdapat tiga isu yang secara signifikan memengaruhi dukungan Latino terhadap Trump yaitu isu ekonomi, imigrasi dan aborsi.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the factors that led to the support of Latino voters for Donald Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. The 2016 US election can not be separated from neo liberal hegemony. The US society is segmented into the ruling class and subaltern, as well as the Latino group. This study describes qualitatively two factors that affect latino voter support for Trump, i.e. party identification and issue orientation factors with reference to the framework of voters behavior theory by Hugh Bone and Austin Ranney. This study found that in the party identification factor, Latino Evangelical Protestant and Mainline showed strong identification with the Republican Party. In addition, there is conservative Latino support for Trump in the U.S. Presidential Election of 2016. Then based on class segmentation this study found that the elite Latino class in the US were Cubans who fled to the US and had strong identification with the Republican Party. While lower class Latino who support Trump are from rural areas and suffer from false consciousness. In the issue orientation factor, there are three issues that significantly affect Latino support for Trump economic, immigration, and abortion issues."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang faktor-faktor yang mendorong dikeluarkannya kebijakan imigrasi Amerika Serikat Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals di bawah Presiden Barack Obama di tahun 2012. Kebijakan ini memiliki tujuan untuk menyelamatkan pemuda, yang masuk dan menetap di AS secara ilegal, dari deportasi selama dua tahun setelah lolos kebijakan ini. Kebijakan DACA diperkenalkan oleh pemerintahan Presiden Obama pada akhir pemerintahan periode pertamanya dan menuju pemilihan presiden AS tahun 2012. Kebijakan ini memiliki serangkaian kualifikasi yang secara umum menaruh fokus kepada batas usia, durasi menetapnya di AS, rekam jejak pendidikan, dan catatan kriminal yang baik dari para pemohon yang mengajukan untuk kebijakan DACA. Kebijakan imigrasi ini mengundang banyak kontroversi karena dianggap tidak pernah disetujui oleh Kongres AS dan bertentangan dengan hukum imigrasi AS. Menggunakan konsep National Interest dan teori Rational Choice, penulis membuktikan bahwa kebijakan imigrasi ini didorong oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor ekonomi dan faktor kalkulasi politik Presiden Obama menuju pemilihan presiden AS tahun 2012.

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This Bachelor rsquo s thesis discusses about factors that supported the issuance of United States immigration policy Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals under President Obama in 2012. The policy was aimed to save youngsters, who were brought by their parents and have stayed in the U.S. illegally, from deportation for two years upon receiving the benefit from the policy. DACA was introduced nearing the end of President Obama rsquo s first term and towards U.S. presidential election in 2012. The policy came with a set of qualifications for applicants that mostly focused on age restrictions, duration of stay in the U.S., history of commitment towards education, and good criminal records. The policy itself spurred a lot of controversy, since it had never been approved by the Congress and is against the U.S. immigration law. Using the National Interest concept and the Rational Choice theory, the writer found that the immigration policy was driven by two factors which were the economic factor and the political calculation factor by President Obama towards U.S. presidential election in 2012."