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"Latar Belakang: Ekstrak biji anggur (GSE) mengandung 74-78% proantosianidin yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat silang kolagen. Tujuan: menganalisis kemampuan GSE sebagai larutan irigasi saluran akar dalam membersihkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apeks. Metode: lima puluh gigi dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok 1 meggunakan aquades, kelompok 2 menggunakan GSE 3.25%, kelompok 3 menggunakan GSE 6.5%, kelompok 4 menggunakan GSE 13% dan kelompok 5 menggunakan EDTA 17%. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan tingkat kebersihan sepertiga apeks menggunakan SEM dan diberi skor. Analisis data menggunakan uji kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Skor 0 terbanyak pada GSE 13% (40%), skor 1 terbanyak pada GSE 6.5% (70%) dan skor 2 terbanyak pada aquades (80%). Kesimpulan: Larutan ekstrak biji anggur mempunyai potensi dapat membersihkan smear layer pada daerah sepertiga apeks dinding saluran akar.

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Background: Grape seed extract (GSE) consisting of 74-78% proanthocyanidin, is a cross linking agent.

Purpose: investigate the ability of GSE in removing smear layer on apical third of root canal wall.

Materials and Method: fifty five extracted incisors were divided into 5 groups. Grup 1 used aquadest, group 2 used 3.25% GSE, group 3 used 6.5% GSE, group 4 used 13% GSE and group 5 used 17% EDTA. The cleanliness of smear layer were evaluated by SEM and scored. The data were analyzed using kolmogorov-smirnov test.

Results: Score 0 maximum in group GSE 13% (40%), score 1 maximum in group GSE 6.5% (70%) and score 2 maximum in group aquadest (80%).

Conclusion: Grape seed extract solution has a potential to remove smear layer on apical third of root canal wall."

"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness over application time of different formulations of a novel endodontic irrigant (QMix™ 2in1) composed of a polyaminocarboxylic acid chelating agent, a bisbiguanide antimicrobial agent, a surfactant and deinoized water to remove the root canal smeal layer and expose patent dentinal tubules compared to a standard solution of 17 % EDTA. Eighty human tooth roots from extracted, single-rooted teeth were instrumented (size 40.06) using 0.2 mL of sodium hypochlorite (6.15 %) between each file size with a 3 mL water rinse after final instrumentation. Eight groups of 10 roots were irrigated with 3 mL of different formulations of QMix: QMix A, QMix B, and QMix C, or 17 % or EDTA for 60 and 90 s, respectively, then rinsed with 5 mL of sterile water. The roots were irrigated using a standard irrigation syringe and a 30 ga side-vent needle with an apical-coronal motion to within 1 mm of the working length. The coronal, middle and apical thirds of one canal surface of each root was evaluated at 1000x using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smeal layer was scored using a 5-point scale. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis rank sums test, the Steel-Dwass, all-pairs comparison test, and the Steel method (with control) test. Irrigant type was highly significant (p < 0.007). Combined 60 and 90 s exposure data indicated QMix A (p = 0.014) and QMix C (p = 0.028) were superior to EDTA. While at the 90 s exposure time, smear layer removal by solutions QMix A (p = 0.043), QMix B (p = 0.018), and QMix C (p = 0.011) was superior to EDTA. All irrigants removed smear layer more effectively at the coronal and middle levels compared to the apical level (p < 0.001). Analysis showed all three QMix formulations were superior to EDTA in smear layer removal and exposure of dentinal tubules in the root canal system in single-rooted teeth."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Ekstrak Biji AnggurEBA mengandung proantosianidin sebagai pengikat silang kolagen yang menentukan sifat mekanik dentin.Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh larutan EBA terhadap kekuatan lentur dentin saluran akar.Metode : 90 lempeng dentin saluran akar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok direndam larutan EBA, NaOCl dan aquabides. Dilakukan uji kekuatan lentur dentin dengan Universal Testing Machine.Hasil : Kekuatan lentur tertinggi pada kelompok larutan EBA, terendah pada kelompok NaOCl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok larutan EBA dan aquabides (p>0.05).Kesimpulan : Nilai kekuatan lentur dentin saluran akar pada larutan EBA lebih tinggi dibandingan dengan larutan NaOCl.

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ABSTRACT

Background : Grape Seed Extract (GSE) contains proanthocyanidin as collagen crosslinking which determines the mechanical properties of dentin.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the GSE solution to the flexural strength of root canal dentin.

Methods : 90 root canal dentin slabs were divided into 3 groups, immersed in GSE solution , NaOCl and aquabidest . Dentin flexural strength test measured by Universal Testing Machine.

Results : The highest flexural strength was found in GSE solution group , the lowest in the group of NaOCl . There were no significant differences between GSE groups and aquabidest group ( p > 0.05 ).

Conclusion : The value of flexural strength of root canal dentin found in GSE solution group was higher when compared with NaOCl solution."

"Latar Belakang: Penggunaan larutan irigasi dapat berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar, EBA mulai dikembangkan sebagai larutan irigasi Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan siler berbasis resin. Metode: 66 gigi premolar bawah manusia, dibagi secara acak kedalam 3 kelompok: EBA 2,9%, NaOCl 2,625%, aquades. Dilakukan pengisian, diinkubasi sebelum dilapisi cat kuku, serta direndam kedalam tinta india. Dekalsifikasi dan transparansi dengan metode Robertson. Penetrasi tinta diukur dengan skala Panthamvonich. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kebocoran EBA 2,9% dibandingkan antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Larutan EBA 2,9% mampu menurunkan tingkat kebocoran sepertiga apeks pengisian saluran akar

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Background: Irrigation can contribute to the succes of root canal treatment, Grape seed extract developed as irrigation solution. Purpose: analyze apical third leakage of root canal filling. Methods: 66 mandibular human premolars, randomly divided into 3 groups, EBA 2.9%, NaOCl 2.625%, aquadest. Each group obturated using guttap and siler-based resin (37 0C for 24 hours). coated all of samples with nail polish, immersed into indian ink. Decalcified and transparency with Robertson’s method. Evaluated and measured with Panthamvonich’s scale. Results: There are significant differences grape seed extract leakage rate compared between groups. Conclusion: Grape seed extract solution 2.9% is able to reduce of apical third leakage of root canal filling"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256) Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques. Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256) Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256). Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques.

Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test.

Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256)

Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"Residu Ca(OH)2 dapat mengganggu hermetisitas obturasi saluran akar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tiga metode pembersihan residu Ca(OH)2. Metode. Tigapuluh premolar bawah dipeparasi dengan ProTaper sampai F3, kemudian diberi medikamen Ca(OH)2 dan disimpan selama 7 hari. Setelah itu, sampel dibagi tiga sama banyak. Residu Ca(OH)2 di Kelompok I dibersihkan dengan irigan gabungan NaOCl-EDTA, kelompok II dengan CanalBrush, dan Kelompok III dengan file NiTi. Sampel kemudian dibelah arah buko-lingual dan residu diperiksa dengan mikroskopstereo dan program Axiocam. Hasil. Pembersihan paling baik adalah pada kelompok II, disusul oleh kelompok III, dan kelompok I, walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda signifikan (p <0,05). Kesimpulan. Ketiga metode menghasilkan efek pembersihan residu Ca(OH)2 yang tidak berbeda.

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The residu of Ca(OH)2 will hamper the hermeticity of root canal obturation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the methods of its removal. Methods. Root canal preparation was performed on 30 lower premolar using Proaper system. The Ca(OH)2 paste was put on the root canal for 7 days. The samples were then divided equally into three groups. The residu of Ca(OH)2 in group I, II, and III were removed by combined irrigant of NaOCl-EDTA, Canal Brush, and NiTi file respectively. After bisected bucco-lingually, the residu was assessed under stereomicroscope (12x magnification) and AxioCam. Results. Substantially, the most effective method was group II, followed by group III and I, but statistically no significance difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The canal brush is the best methods in removing Ca(OH)2 residu, although the difference is statistically not significant."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sifat ideal suatu siler saluran akar adalah memiliki kemampuan penutupan yang baik terutama pada sepertiga apeks. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi perbandingan kebocoran antara pengisian saluran akar dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan SP dan siler bioceramic SB . Metode: Tiga puluh enam gigi premolar rahang bawah, dibagi dua kelompok dan diisi dengan teknik kon tunggal menggunakan siler polidimetilsiloksan pada kelompok pertama, dan siler bioceramic pada kelompok ke-dua. Selanjutnya gigi diinkubasi 37?C, selama 24 jam , kemudian dilapisi dengan dua lapis cat kuku kecuali pada 2 mm dari apeks, dan direndam dalam tinta india 7 X 24 jam . Sampel didekalsifikasi, didehidrasi dan dibuat transparan sesuai dengan metode Robertson. Kedalaman penetrasi zat tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 0 untuk tidak bocor, skor 1 untuk penetrasi zat tinta le; 0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi 0,51 ndash; 1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi > 1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar pada kelompok SP terdapat pada skor 2 44.4 , sedangkan pada kelompok SB terdapat pada skor 1 55.6 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar dengan siler bioceramic tidak berbeda dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan.

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ABSTRACTBackground One of the ideal properties of a root canal sealer is to have a good sealing ability, especially at the apical third of the root. Objective To evaluate the comparison of the apical leakage between obturation using bioceramic sealer SB and polydimethylsiloxane sealer SP . Methods Thirty six mandibular premolars were equally divided into two groups and was obturated with single cone technique. The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SP and SB respectively. After obturation, the samples were incubated 37 C, 24 h , sealed with two coats of nail polish except for 2 mm from the apex, immersed in the Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated and made transparent according to Robertson technique. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Samples with no dye penetration were given score 0, le 0,5 mm dye penetration were given score 1, 0,051 ndash 1 mm were given score 2, and 1 mm were given score 3. Result The largest proportion distribution in SP group was at the score 2 44.4 , and in group SB was at the score 1 55.6 . Conclusion Bioceramic sealer showed similar apical leakage to polydimethylsiloxane sealer."

"Objectives: This study was to investigate the effect of a variety of root canal irrigation solutions on flexural strength of dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifty intact, extracted human mandibular third molars were used in this study. Each tooth was sectioned using diamond cutting disc to create dentin bar (1x1 mm, with 7 mm in length). All dentin bars were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 10 each. Group 1, dentin bars were immersed in 5% NaOCL; group 2, in 2.5% NaOCL; group 3, in 15% EDTA; group 4, in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX); and group 5, in saline (as control) respectively. Each group was immersed for 2 hours. Each dentin bar was subjected to a three-point bend using MTS Universal Testing Machine to test the flexural strength. Data were analyzed using one way Anova, followed by Turkey's test performed at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: All irrigation solution have an effect on the flexural strength (P<0.05). EDTA caused the greatest effect on dentin mechanical properties, which revealed the lowest flexural strength (100.64 ± 7.23). In contrast, 0.2% CHX generated the least influence on dentin mechanical properties, which demonstrated the greatest flexural strength (189.85 ± 6.44). Conclusion: Root canal irrigation solution can induce effect on flexural strength of dentin. Chlorhexidine gluconate demonstrates the best irrigation solution since it has a slight effect on dentin mechanical properties, particularly flexural strength."

"Instrumentasi saluran akar masih meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi. Insrumen osilasi diklaim dapat membersihkan dinding saluran akar secara optimal.Tujuan: Membandingkan luas dinding sepertiga apeks saluran akar yang tidak terpreparasi antara instrumen osilasi Reciproc® dan WaveOne®.Metode: Tiga puluh dua saluran akar premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok berjumlah sama (n=16): Reciproc® dan WaveOne®. Luas dinding yang tertutup tinta cina dianalisis dengan Adobe Photoshop CS5.Hasil: Kelompok II mempreparasi lebih banyak dinding tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok I (p=0,265).Kesimpulan: Reciproc® dan WaveOne® tetap meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi di sepertiga apeks saluran akar.

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Thirty five percents area of root canal wall was left uninstrumented after instrumentation. Oscillation instrument was claimed able to clean whole area of root canal walls.Objective: to compare uninstrumented area of root canal at the apical third after instrumented by oscillation instrument.Methods: Thirty two human mandibular premolar root canals were dyed with china ink and were divided equally into Reciproc® and WaveOne® group. The area was analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CS5.Results: WaveOne® showed a better result than Reciproc®, but not statistically significant (p=0,265).Conclusion: The Reciproc® and WaveOne® showed no difference in cleaning the root canal."