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"Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda paralel ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi serat larut dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) selama 4 minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum pada obes I usia 30−50 tahun. Sejumlah 31 subyek dipilih dengan kriteria tertentu dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat serat larut psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari. Data terdiri atas usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan zat gizi, serta kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Pemeriksaan kolesterol LDL dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Karakteristik data dasar dan sebaran subyek kedua kelompok sebanding. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 28 subyek (KP dan KK masing-masing 14 subyek). Suplementasi ditoleransi baik dan tidak ditemukan efek samping serius. Median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan 34,50 (30−48) tahun serta rerata IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL serum awal KP 137,0 ± 37,0 mg/dL dan KK 134,4 ± 29,1 mg/dL. Defisit energi KP lebih rendah tidak signifikan (p = 0,62) dibandingkan KK, berturut-turut -282,0 ± 482,6 kkal/hari dan -331,8 ± 578,3 kkal/hari. Persentase asupan energi terhadap anjuran KP (94,2 ± 18,5%) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) daripada KK (85,4 ± 22,9%). Asupan karbohidrat (KH) total KP (613,1 ± 134,5 kkal/hari) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) dibandingkan KK (545,4 ± 161,1 kkal/hari). Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol KP dan KK sesuai rekomendasi NCEP-ATP III. Pada kedua kelompok, asupan asam lemak jenuh cenderung tinggi, tetapi asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak rendah. Asupan serat subyek KP 17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari. Dengan suplementasi PH tidak tercapai rekomendasi asupan serat. Persentase asupan KH sederhana terhadap energi total KP 11,5±5,4% lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,00) dibandingkan KK 6,0 (1,2524,2)%. Penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL serum KP -2,1 ± 16,2 mg/dL lebih sedikit tidak signifikan (p = 0,15) dibandingkan pada KK -10,9 ± 15,3 mg/dL. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan suplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL serum dibandingkan plasebo pada subyek obes I.

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This parallel double blind randomized clinical trial is a preliminary study that aims to investigate the effect of soluble fiber supplementation 8.4 g/day and lowcalorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4 weeks on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level in obese I, aged 30−50 years old. A total of 31 subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and 16 subjects for control (C) group, respectively. The T group received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day, and the C group received placebo and LCBD 1200 kcal/day. Data include age, body mass index (BMI), intake of energy, macronutrient, and fiber, as well as serum LDL cholesterol level. Serum LDL cholesterol level was examined before and after treatment. Statistical analyses include independent t-test and Mann-Whitney with significance level of 5%. Subjects characteristics of the two groups at baseline was not statistically different. Twenty eight subjects (14 subjects in each group) completed the intervention. Supplementation was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. The mean age in T and C group was 35.0 (30.0−45.0) and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, respectively, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2, respectively. The pretreatment serum LDL cholesterol level in T and C group was 137.0 ± 37.0 and 134.4 ± 29.1 mg/dL, respectively. Energy deficit in T group was insignificantly lower (p = 0.62) than in C group; -282.0 ± 482.6 and -331.8 ± 578.3 kcal/day, respectively. Percentage of energy intake to recommendation in T group (94.2 ± 18.5%) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than that in C group (85.4 ± 22.9%). Total carbohydrate (CHO) intake in T group (613.1 ± 134.5 kcal/day) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in C group (545.4 ± 161.1 kcal/day). Total protein, fat, and cholesterol intake were similar to the NCEP-ATP III recommendation in both groups. Intake of SAFA was higher than recommended, meanwhile PUFA and MUFA intake were lower than those recommended in both groups. Dietary fiber intake in T and C group was 17.2 ± 2.8 and 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day, respectively. During the intervention, PH supplementation did not meet the recommendation. Percentage of simple CHO to total energy in T group 11.5±5.4% was significantly higher (p = 0.00) than in C group 6.0 (1.2524.2)%. PH supplementation decreased serum LDL cholesterol level (-2.1 ± 16.2 mg/dL) lower than placebo (-10.9 ± 15.3 mg/dL), but not significant different (p = 0.15). This study shows that PH supplementation 8.4 g/day in combination with LCBD 1200 kcal/day for 4 weeks in obese I aged 30−50 years old is not proven to decrease the serum LDL cholesterol level."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian dengan rancangan uji klinis paralel acak tersamar ganda ini bertujuanmengetahui perubahan kadar apo B pada penyandang obes I setelah suplementasiserat psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) 1200kkal/hari selama 4 minggu. Berdasarkan kriteria penelitian, didapat 31 orangsubyek yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP)dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat PH 8.4 g/hari danDRKS, sedangkan KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS. Data yang diperolehmeliputi sebaran dan karakteristik subyek, asupan energi, makronutrien, serat, danair, serta kadar apo B awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji ttak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Sejumlah 28 subyekdapat mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai (KP dan KK masing-masing 14). Tidakdilaporkan efek samping berbahaya selama perlakuan. Sebagian besar subyekperempuan, median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan34,50 (30−48) tahun, IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Jumlah asupanenergi total subyek KP 1130,9 ± 221,9 kkal/hari lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02)daripada KK 1024,3 ± 269,9 kkal/hari. Karbohidrat sederhana pada KP (35,6(8,3−69,9)) g/hari lebih tinggi signifikan dibandingkan KK (13,8 (3,4−55,5))g/hari. Asupan serat subyek belum mencukupi anjuran (20–35 g/hari), yaitu KP17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari walaupun dengan suplementasiPH. Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol dalam rentang yang dianjurkan,tetapi tidak pada asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak. Penurunankadar apo B pada KK (-6,1 ± 8,9 mg/dL) lebih besar tidak signifikan (p = 0,13)dibandingkan pada KP (-1,3 ± 7,3 mg/dL). Dari penelitian ini disimpulkansuplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu tidaklebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar apo B dibandingkan plasebo dan DRKS 1200kkal/hari penyandang obes I.

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ABSTRACTThis double blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the change of apoB level in obese I after given supplementation psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day andlow-calorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4-weeks. By study criteria, 31 subjects wererandomly allocated to one of two groups; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and16 subjects for plasebo (P) group. The T subjects received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day and the P subjects received placebo and LCBD1200 kcal/day. Data collected in this study consist of subject distribution andcharacteristic, intake of energy, macronutrient, fiber, water and apo B level thatassessed before and after treatment. Level of statistical analyses significance was5%, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney. A total 28 subjects (14 subjects ineach group) had completed the intervention. There were no serious adverse eventswere reported along the intervention. Mean of age in T and P groups respectivelywas 35.0 (30.0−45.0) years and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1kg/m2 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2. The energy intake in T group 1130.9 ± 221.9 kcal/daywas significantly higher (p = 0.02) than P group 1024.3 ± 269.9 kcal/day. Simplecarbohydrate intake in T group (35.6 (8.3−69.9) g/day) was significantly higher (p<0.000) than in P group (13.8 (3.4−55.5) g/day). Intake of dietary fiber in T groupwas 17.2 ± 2.8 g/day had significantly higher than P group 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day,even adding PH supplementation cannot meet the recommendation of fiber intake(20-35 g/day). Intake protein and fat in both groups was meet recommendation,differ for intake of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Decreasing of apo Blevel in P group was -6.1 ± 8.9 mg/dL that statistically insignificant difference (p= 0.13) with T group -1.3 ± 7.3 mg/dL. As a conclusion in this study shows, thatPH supplementation 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day in obese I for 4 weekswasn’t proven to decrease the apo B level."

"Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang yang dihitung berdasarkan defisit 1000 kkal/hari dari diet dan olahraga erobik yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan maksimal berolahraga masing-masing individu terhadap berat badan (BB), indeks massa tubuh (MT), tebal lipatan Kulit total (TLK), massa lemak (ML), profil lipid, dan volume oksigen maksimal (VO2max).Tempat : Pusat kebugaran Fit'n Chic, Kelapa Gading.Metodologi : Setelah mendapat persetujuan etik dari Panitia Penilai Etik Penelitian, FKUI diperoleh 26 orang perempuan peserta program penurunan berat badan yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental pre- dan pasca- tes dengan menggunakan subyek yang sama sebagai kontrol dan perlakuan. Masing-masing individu mendapat diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga erobik selama 12 minggu. Diet rendah kalori seimbang diberikan berdasarkan pengurangan pemberian kalori/defisit sebesar 1000 kkal/hari dengan perhitungan diet dikurangi rata-rata antara 600 sampai dengan 800 kkal dan energi yang dikeluarkan selama olahraga erobik yang diprogramakan rata-rata antara 200 sampai dengan 400 kkal. Sebelum diberikan olahraga erobik dilakukan tes Cooper untuk menilai kemampuan maksimal masing-masing individu dalam berolahraga. Olahraga erobik diberikan dengan intensitas 60-80% kemampuan maksimal, frekuensi 5 kali seminggu, lama 60 menit. Diet yang diberikan rata-rata 900 - 1100 kkal/hari.Hasil : Terjadi penurunan berat badan secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 73,6 ± 11,17 kg menjadi 64,9 ± 10,08 kg (penurunan 11,81%); Penurunan IMT secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 29,62 ± 4,53 menjadi 26,10 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (perubahan 11,88%); Penurunan TLK secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 103,31 ± 18,39 mm menjadi 64,53 ± 14,13 mm (perubahan 37,54%); penurunan ML secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 35,60 ± 3,07 menjadi 24,96 ± 4,46 % (perubahan sebesar 29,89%); penurunan TG secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 126,23 ± 44,82 menjadi 109,89 ± 32,89 mg/dL (perubahan 12,94%); penurunan KT secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dart 206,15 ± 22,93 menjadi 182,12 ± 14,09 mg/dL (perubahan 11,66%); penurunan LDL secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dart 130,77 ± 25,11 menjadi 109,27 ± 17,83 mg/dL (perubahan sebesar 16,44%). Terjadi peningkatan VO2max secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 27,87 ± 2,75 menjadi 33,70 ± 2,75 ml/kg BB/min (perubahan 20,92%). Terjadi sedikit peningkatan HDL sebesar 0,62 mg/dL (1,24%) yang secara statistik tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan: Dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga erobik dengan dosis yang disesuaikan kemampuan masing-masing individu sangat efektif untuk menurunkan berat badan, IMT, tebal lemak bawah kulit, persentase massa lemak, memperbaiki profil lipid, dan meningkatkan VO2maks.

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Objective: To determine the effects of balanced LCD and endurance exercise with appropriate individual maximal capacity on body weight, body mass index (BM), total skin fold (TSF), percent body fat (BF), lipid profiles, and V02 maxLocation: Fit'n Chic fitness centre, Kelapa Gading.Methods: Twenty six overweight women were studied in a pre and post test, using control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. Subjects received a balanced LCD and endurance exercise for 12 weeks. Balanced LCD was given based on energy deficit 1000 kkal/day from diet and exercise. Deficit from diet was 600 to 800 kkal. The calorie from the diet was given within 900 - 1100 kkal/day and energy expenditure from endurance exercise was 200 to 400 kkal. All subject bad to undergo Cooper test for designing the intensity of the endurance program. Endurance exercise 60 - 80% V02max for 60 minutes, 5 days a week. The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical Committee of the Department of Medicine, University of Indonesia.Results: Balanced LCD and endurance exercise, decreased body weight 8,7 kg (11,81%) (p< 0,05) from 73,6 ± 11,17 to 64,9 t 10,08 kg BM1 decreased 11,88% (p < 0,05) from 29,62 t 4,53 to 26,10 ±4.0 kglm2), TSF decreased 37,54% (p < 0,05) from 103,31 t 18,39 to 64,53 ± 14,13 mm , percent BF decreased 29,89% (p < 0,05) from 35,60 t 3,07 to 24,96 ± 4,46 % , TG decreased 12,94% (p < 0,05) from 126,23 t 44,82 to 109,89 t 32,89 mg/dL, total cholesterol decreased 11,66% (p < 0,05) from 206,15 ± 22,93 to 182,12 ± 14,09 mg/dL, LDL decreased 16,44% (p < 0,05) from 130,77 ±25,11 to 109,27 ± 17,83 mg/dL, VO2max increased significantly (p < 0,05) before 27,87 ± 2,75 , after 33,70 t 2,75 ml/kg BW/min (changed 20,92%). IIDL increased not significantly (p > 0,05) from 32 ± 14 to 37 ± 16 mg/dL. The balanced LCD and endurance exercise with exact dose appropriate to individual performance resulted in significant weight loss, reduced BMI, TSF, percent BF, and improved lipid profiles and VO2max."

"Obesitas merupakan masalah yang umum terjadi di dunia. Sebanyak 12,8 persen penduduk berusia 18 tahun ke atas di Indoensia menyandang berat badan berlebih. Dari angka tersebut, 20,7 persen penyandang obesitas. Obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis seperti penyakit hipertensi, kardiovaskular, dan penyakit tidak menular lainnya. Untuk mengatasi obesitas, dilakukan penurunan berat badan dengan berbagai cara. Namun, penurunan berat badan pada penyandang obesitas sering naik kembali dan tidak bisa dipertahankan pada hasil penurunan tersebut. Hal ini disebut sebagai weight cycling. Pada keadaan weight cycling, massa lemak lebih rendah dari massa bebas lemak yang ada di dalam tubuh. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Untuk mengatasi weight cycling, dianjurkan diet yang teratur. Diet kalori rendah protein tinggi sering dianggap dapat menurunkan berat badan dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Pada subjek obesitas, terjadi hipoksia pada jaringan lemak. Keadaan ini meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan SOD total plasma yang diukur pada subjek penyandang obesitas dengan weight cycling pada kelompok yang diberi edukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi dengan diet kalori rendah protein standar. Metode: Subjek adalah karyawan Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan di Balai Kota DKI Jakarta yang berumur 20-50 tahun penyandang obesitas dengan weight cycling. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol yang mendapatkan edukasi diet kalori rendah protein standar dan kelompok perlakuan yang mendapatkan edukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi. Aktivitas SOD diukur setelah subjek mendapat perlakuan selama 8 minggu. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan aktivitas SOD total plasma yang bermakna antara kelompok subjek yang diedukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi dengan diet kalori rendah protein standar. Kesimpulan: pemberian edukasi diet protein tinggi dan standar tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas SOD total plasma pada subjek obesitas dengan weight cycling.

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Obesity is a common problem around the globe. In Indonesia, 12.8 percent of above 18 years old population has excess body weight. From the mentioned number, 20.7 percent counts as obesity. Obesity can increase the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular, and other non-communicable diseases. To treat obesity, several ways have been done to lose body weight. However, weight loss in obesity is difficult to retain and often comes back to the starting point. This fluctuation on body weight is called weight cycling. In weight cycling, lipid mass level is lower than free lipid mass level, which can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Well-managed diet has been prescribed to treat weight cycling, in which low calorie high protein diet is often recommended for best result. In obesity, oxidative stress occurred in the fat tissue because of hypoxia. This study aims to observe the difference in total plasma SOD activity between the subject groups with low calorie high protein diet and low calorie standard protein diet. Methods : Subjects are 20-50 years old workers at Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan in Balai Kota DKI Jakarta and are obese with weight cycling. Subjects are divided into the control group, which receives low calorie standard protein diet education, and the treatment group, which reveives low calorie high protein diet education. Results : The result showed no significant difference in total plasma SOD activity between the low calorie high protein diet group and low calorie standard protein group. Interpretation & conclusion : high protein and standard protein diet educations do not impact total plasma SOD activity in obese subjects with weight cycling."

"Puasa sudah terbukti meningkatkan aktivtias enzim katalase pada berbagai jaringan tikus. Namun, belum diketahui jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh puasa dan jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zealand white yang merupakan hewan berderajat lebih tinggi daripada tikus. Kelinci new zealand white dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan berbeda, yaitu (1) mendapat asupan makan dan minum (kelompok kontrol), (2) intermittent fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 16 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari, (3) prolonged fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 40 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari. Aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati merupakan hasil bagi kadar enzim katalase dengan protein. Pada jaringan hati, rerata aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Pada plasma, rerata aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Intermittent fasting dan prolonged fasting selama 7 hari tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zealand white.

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Fasting has been known to increase catalase activity in various mouse’s tissues. However, the types of fasting which mostly affect catalase activity remains unknown. This study showed the impact of various types of fasting toward catalase activity in the plasma and liver of new zealand white rabbit which level is higher than mouse. The new zealand white rabbits are divided to 3 different treatment group, (1) received food and drinks (control group), (2) intermittent fasting, 16 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days, (3) prolonged fasting, 40 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days. Catalase activity in the liver and plasma were obtained by dividing catalase level with protein level. In liver, the means of catalase activity in control group is 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05). In plasma, the means of catalase activity in control group is 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05). Intermittent fasting and prolonged fasting for 7 days doesn’t affect catalase activity in plasma and liver new zealand white rabbit."

"Prevalensi obesitas cenderung meningkat di berbagai belahan dunia sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko kardiometabolik pada berbagai penyakit. Salah satu tata laksana obesitas yang paling efektif adalah modifikasi gaya hidup, yaitu pengaturan diet. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan dengan desain uji klinis acak tersamar ganda, paralel, dua kelompok, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi serat larut dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) selama 4 minggu berturut-turut terhadap berat badan (BB), kadar kolesterol highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) dan trigliserida (TG) serum pada subyek obes I usia 30-50 tahun. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, didapatkan 31 subyek yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) mendapat DRKS 1200 kkal/hari dan psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari, dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK) mendapat DRKS 1200 kkal/hari dan plasebo. Sebanyak 28 subyek menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Suplementasi PH ditoleransi dengan baik dan tidak ada efek samping yang serius. Jumlah asupan energi total subyek KP 1130,9 ± 221,9 kkal/hari lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) daripada KK 1024,3 ± 269,9 kkal/hari. Asupan serat subyek rendah; KP 17,2 ± 2,8 dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari, walaupun dengan suplementasi PH. Penurunan BB dan peningkatan kadar kolesterol HDL serum sedikit lebih banyak tidak signifikan pada KP (-1,8 ± 0,8 kg dan 0,0 ± 4,3 mg/dL) dibandingkan KK (-1,6 ± 0,9 kg dan -0,4 ± 5,9 mg/dL). Penurunan kadar TG serum KP -1,5 (-416−77) mg/dL lebih rendah tidak signifikan dibandingkan dengan KK -10,0 ± 31,3 mg/dL. Pada penelitian ini belum dapat dibuktikan suplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari dibandingkan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari saja selama 4 minggu berturut-turut lebih baik dalam menurunkan BB dan mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol HDL dan TG serum pada subyek obes I.

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The prevalence of obesity has been increasing globally, thus it likewise made an escalation the risk of cardio metabolic diseases. One method to encounter obesity is lifestyle modification such as the diet. This research was a preliminary study with double blinded randomized clinical trial, parallel, two groups, aims to understand the effects of soluble fiber suplementation and low calorie balanced diet (LCBD) on weight, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides serum for obese I subjects age 30-50 years, for four weeks successively. Base on inclusion criteria, 31 subjects are divided into two groups, 15 subjects for treatment (T) receive 1200 kcal/day of LCBD and 8,4 g/day of psyllium husk (PH) and 16 subjects for control (C) receive 1200 kcal/day of LCBD and placebo. 28 subjects accomplish this research. PH suplement were being tolerate decently, and no serious side effect developed. Total energy intake from all T subjects were 1130,9 ± 221,9 kcal, significantly higher (p = 0,02) than C subjects 1024,3 ± 269,9 kcal/day. Subjects intake of fibers were low, even adding PH supplementation; 17,2 ± 2,8 for T subjects and 8,6 (5,2-15,2) g/day for C subjects. Weight loss and HDL cholesterol serum level enhancement were insignificantly higher on T subjects (-1,8 ± 0,8 kg and 0,0 ± 4,3 mg/dL) compared to C subjects (-1,6 ± 0,9 kg and -0,4 ± 5,9 mg/dL). TG serum level derivation on T subjects are -1,5 (-416−77) mg/dL insignificantly lower than C subjects -10,0 ± 31,3 mg/dL. This research has still yet able to prove that suplementation of PG 8,4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day in compare to only 1200 kcal/day of LCBD and placebo in 4 weeks consecutively are better in weight loss and affect the level of HDL cholesterol and TG serum on obese I subjects."

"Perilaku fad diets (FD) berdampak pada berbagai risiko kesehatan, seperti gangguan metabolisme, meningkatnya risiko anemia, meningkatnya risiko paparan infeksi, dan mempengaruhi kinerja kognitif. Lebih lanjut, dapat menurunkan performa dan prestasi belajar di sekolah dan mempengaruhi gangguan perilaku makan sehingga meningkatkan risiko perilaku makan menyimpang. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu di Indonesia menunjukkan angka remaja putri di Indonesia yang berisiko terlibat dalam perilaku FD termasuk tinggi, namun jumlah penelitian yang mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan perilaku tersebut masih jarang. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap perilaku FD pada siswa-siswi SMAS Bunda Mulia Jakarta tahun 2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional melibatkan sebanyak 212 siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI SMA. Data diambil dengan melakukan proses pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan serta pengisian kuesioner online. Data diolah secara univariat dan bivariat (chi square). Prevalensi perilaku FD sebesar 43,9%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku FD adalah jenis kelamin, status gizi, distorsi citra tubuh, dorongan keluarga, dorongan teman, dan pengaruh media sosial. Siswa perempuan, yang berstatus gizi gemuk, dan mengalami distorsi citra tubuh berisiko masing-masing 1,9 kali; 4,8 kali; dan 2,5 kali lebih besar untuk melakukan perilaku FD. Siswa yang mendapat dorongan dari keluarga, dorongan teman, dan pengaruh media sosial berisiko masing-masing 2,6 kali; 2,2 kali; dan 3,2 kali untuk menerapkan FD. Perlu dilakukan upaya edukasi perilaku makan yang tepat dan sehat untuk siswa serta promosi PGS di sekolah dan media sosial.

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Fad diets lead to various health risks, such as the increased risk of metabolic disorders, increased risk of anemia, increased risk of exposure to infection, and affect cognitive performance which in turn can reduce performance and learning achievement in school. The further impact that can also arise from FD is that it can aggravate eating disorders which increases the risk of eating disorder. Data regarding eating behavior on a national basis in Indonesia is still not available. Several studies conducted in several regions in Indonesia show the high number of young women in Indonesia who are involved and who are at risk of being involved in FD behavior, however, the number of studies that examine the factors associated with these behaviors is still limited. The main objective of this study was to find out the factors related to FD on students at Bunda Mulia Jakarta Senior High School in 2019. The research design used was cross sectional. The number of respondents involved was 212 students of grade X and XI in high school. The data was taken by measuring body height and weight as well as filling in the online questionnaire. The collected data will be processed in univariate and bivariate (chi square). FD prevalence in Bunda Mulia Jakarta Senior High School in 2019 is 43.9%. Factors related to FD behavior are gender, nutritional status, body image distortion, family’s encouragement, friend's encouragement, and social media influence. Female students, who are overweight or obese, with body image distortion are 1.9 times; 4.8 times; and 2.5 times more likely to carry out FD behavior. Students who are encouraged by families, friends, and social media are 2.6 times; 2.2 times; and 3.2 times at risk to FD. Efforts to educate appropriate and healthy eating behaviors as well as promotion of PGS in schools and through social media are needed."

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan perubahan budaya, termasuk bekerja dari rumah dan pola makan. Meningkatnya penggunaan aplikasi pesan antar makanan selama pandemi Covid-19, mengakibatkan lebih banyak konsumsi makanan jauh dari rumah/food away from home (FAFH), terutama di kalangan pekerja kantoran, dapat berdampak pada kualitas diet, yang dapat berkontribusi pada obesitas dan penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang berhubungan dengan diet. Namun, hubungan antara FAFH dan faktor sosiodemografis yang memengaruhi kualitas diet pada pekerja kantoran masih belum jelas. Studi ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi FAFH dan sosiodemografi terhadap kualitas diet pada pekerja kantoran. Metode: Data cross-sectional dikumpulkan dari 220 pekerja kantoran di Jakarta, Indonesia, mengenai informasi tentang sosio-demografis dan frekuensi konsumsi FAFH menggunakan kuesioner online terstruktur dan berpartisipasi dalam wawancara food recall 2x24 jam melalui wawancara online. Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) yang dimodifikasi digunakan untuk menilai kualitas diet. SPSS Versi 22 digunakan untuk semua analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil: Kualitas diet yang secara signifikan lebih rendah ditemukan pada pekerja kantoran laki-laki dan pekerja kantoran yang mengonsumsi FAFH frekuensi tinggi (p < 0.05). Dalam model regresi linier, kualitas diet berhubungan signifikan dengan jenis kelamin (β = -3.567; 95% CI = (-6.190) - (0.945); p = 0.008) dan frekuensi konsumsi FAFH (β = -7.853; 95% CI = (-10.081) - (-5.625); p = 0.000). Kesimpulan: Pekerja kantoran, terutama pekerja kantoran laki-laki, sebaiknya membatasi konsumsi FAFH dan memilih opsi yang lebih sehat saat mengonsumsi FAFH. Pemerintah sebaiknya memberikan program pendidikan gizi berorientasi FAFH untuk industri makanan.

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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to cultural changes, including working from home and eating patterns. The increased use of food delivery during the Covid-19 pandemic, which resulted in more consumption of food away from home (FAFH), especially among office workers, may have an impact on diet quality, which may be contributed to obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD) related to diet. However, the relationships between FAFH and sociodemographic factors influencing diet quality among office workers are still unclear. This study explored the association between the consumption frequency of FAFH and sociodemographics on the diet quality among office workers. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 220 office workers in Jakarta, Indonesia, regarding information about the socio-demographics and consumptionfrequency of FAFH using a structured online questionnaire and participating in the 2x24-hour dietary recall interview through an online interview. A modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) was used to assess the diet quality. SPSS Version 22 was used for all statistical analyses. Results: Significantly lower diet quality was found in male office workers and office workers consuming high-frequency FAFH (p < 0.05). In the logistic linear regression model, the diet quality was significantly associated with gender (β = -3.567; 95% CI = -6.190 to -0.945; p = 0.008) and consumption frequency of FAFH ( β = -7.853; 95% CI = -10.081 to -5.625; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Office workers, especially male office workers, should limit their consumption of FAFH and choose healthier options when consuming FAFH. The government should give FAFH-oriented nutrition education programs for the food industry."

"ABSTRAKICAO (International civil aviation organization) menyatakan pentingnyamenjaga kesehatan penerbang sehingga tidak terjadi inkapasitasi. Salah satu upayanya adalahpola diet sehat dengan konsumsi buah dan sayur. Tujuan studi adalah mengetahui hubunganaktivitas fisik dan faktor lain terhadap pola konsumsi buah dan sayur.Metode : Studi potonglintang dengan sampel total dari data sekunder penerbang yang melakukan pemeriksaankesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta bulan April 2016. Data berupadata demografi, pekerjaan, konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan konsumsibuah dan sayur, dan dukungan sosial. Analisis dengan regresi Log. Hasil : Penerbang yangmengikuti penelitian ini berjumlah 530 orang. Aktivitas fisik tidak berhubungan dengankonsumsi buah dan sayur. Pengetahuan konsumsi buah dan sayur berisiko lebih seringkonsumsi buah dan sayur sebanyak 3,9 kali [ORa= 3,93; 95% CI=1,74-8,87; p=0,001], inisesuai dengan teori social cognitive, yang menyatakan pengetahuan konsumsi buh dan sayurmerupakan faktor personal. Simpulan: pengetahuan tentang konsumsi buah dan sayur sesuairekomendasi WHO berhubungan dengan seringnya konsumsi buah dan sayur (≥ 5 kali/hari).

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ABSTRACTInternational civil aviation organization stated the importance of maintaining pilot healthy andavoid incapacitation. One efforts for this is consuming healthy diet with fruits and vegetables. The purpose ofthis study is to identify the correlation of physical activity and other factors related to fruits and vegetablesintake. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with a total sampling, using secondary data of the pilotthat conducted periodic medical examinations on April 2016 in the Civil Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta. Datacollected were demographic and job characteristics, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity,knowledge about fruit and vegetable intake, and social support. Results: The pilots participate in this study were530 peoples. No correlation between physical activity and fruits and vegetables intake. The dominant factorassociated with fruits and vegetables intake is the knowledge about fruits and vegetables intake. Pilots with goodknowledge increase consumption 3,9 times higher [ORa = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.74 to 8.87; p = 0.001]. In this study,knowledge about fruit and vegetable intake as a personal factors according to social cognitive theory.Conclusion: The knowledge about fruits and vegetables intake according to WHO recommendations increasedthe frequency of fruits and vegetables intake.;;"

"Latar Belakang : Prevalensi obesitas pada populasi dewasa di dunia pada tahun 2014 hampir mencapai 13, sementara di Indonesia telah mencapai 32,9 pada tahun yang sama. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko berbagai penyakit tidak menular yaitu diabetes tipe 2 ataupun penyakit kardiovaskular. Sebagian besar orang yang berhasil menurunkan berat badan gagal mempertahankannya dan mengalami kenaikan berat badan berulang weight cycling. Berbagai penelitian tentang program diet memberikan hasil yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi perubahan komposisi tubuh dengan diet kalori rendah protein tinggi dibandingkan dengan protein standar pada penyandang obesitas dengan riwayat weight cycling. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji coba klinis acak terbuka pada penyandang obesitas dengan weight cycling. Sebanyak 61 penyandang obesitas mengikuti penelitian ini. Subjek diberikan diet kalori rendah dan secara acak didistribusikan ke dalam dua kelompok intervensi, yaitu kelompok protein tinggi 22 ndash;30 dari total asupan kalori dan kelompok protein seimbang 12 ndash;20 . Antropometri dan data komposisi tubuh diambil pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Subyek diikuti hingga 8 minggu, diberikan buku catatan makan harian dan konseling seminggu sekali. Hasil: 54 peserta menyelesaikan penelitian. Terdapat penurunan yang signifikan dalam berat badan dan indeks massa tubuh IMT , massa lemak, persentase massa lemak, massa otot, dan kenaikan persentase massa otot terjadi pada kedua kelompok protein seimbang: p

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Background: The world prevalence of obesity in the adult population in 2014 was nearly 13 while in Indonesia, it has reached 32.9 in the same year. Obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A large proportion of people who had succeeded to reduce body weight failed to maintain it and underwent weight gain repeatedly weight cycling. Studies have been inconclusive about the best diet programme for such people. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the body composition changes resulting from low calorie high protein and standard protein diet programme in obese people with a history of weight cycling.

Methods: This is an open randomized clinical trial of a weight loss program in obese individuals with weight cycling. A total of 61 adult obese individuals with a history of weight cycling were recruited. Subjects were assigned to a low calorie diet and were randomly distributed into two intervention groups, namely high protein group 22 ndash 30 of total caloric intake and standard protein group 12 ndash 20. Anthropometry and body composition data were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. Subjects were followed up to 8 weeks, with daily reminders and weekly counselling.

Results: 54 participants completed the study. Significant reductions in body weight and body mass index BMI , fat mass, fat mass percentage, muscle mass, and gain in muscle mass percentage occurred in both groups Standard protein p"