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"ABSTRAKFenomena tawuran yang telah menjadi pola di Kampus Perak, mendorong penulis untuk mencari akar masalah melalui pendekatan kebudayaan dengan metode etnografi. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma/teori Foucault, Giddens, dan Bourdieu tentang kekuasaan, dapat mengungkapkan akar tawuran.Mahasiswa di Kampus Perak merepresentasikan masyarakat Sultra yang tidak memiliki kebudayaan dominan mengakibatkan perebutan sumber-sumber kekuasaan dan ekonomi sangat ketat dan berpotensi konflik. Kesejarahan membentuk pengelompokan berdasarkan etnis. Kelompok dominan merendahkan kelompok marginal disebut barata, sebaliknya kaum marginal menolak, merupakan cermin gejala umum dalam masyarakat yang lebih luas. Keterampilan bela diri silat yang semestinya untuk melindungi keamanan dan keselamatan diri, sebaliknya digunakan untuk tawuran telah menjadi kebudayaan para pelaku dan orang-orang yang mengambil keuntungan. Mahasiswa pemenang tawuran mendapatkan kans yang besar menuju posisi sebagai pemimpin kelompok, pemimpin organisasi, hingga birokrat. Dana operasional tawuran bersumber dari tokoh-tokoh Bapak atau Ibu sosial disebut Dalang untuk mendapatkan Pasukan Tertutup (Pastup) sebagai pelindung dan penjaga keselamatan ketika berkontestasi atau mempertahankan kedudukan di birokrasi. Cara tersebut bertentangan dengan kearifan lokal masyarakat yaitu pola pikir kaghati (layang-layang) dan pola tindak toba (proses belajar tindakan) manusia sebagai bagian dari alam semesta. Mahasiswa dari kelompok etnis sub-ordinat atau kaum marginal harus berjuang secara berkelompok dan berkoalisi untuk mendapat kesetaraan dan diperhitungkan. Upaya birokrat Kampus Perak mengatasi tawuran antar kelompok mahasiswa selama ini melalui pendekatan hukum dan dialog antar tokoh masyarakat tidak efektif, tetapi justru menaikkan popularitas individu bermakna sebagai pejuang dan solider kelompok.Melalui proses penelitian, ditemukan kelompok mahasiswa Kaghati-Toba melawan kelompok Dalang-Barata sebagai ide budaya yang ajeg bersifat being, menggunakan tiga ujung kemampuan yaitu ujung lidah, ujung penis, dan ujung badik sebagai wujud budaya yang cair dan bersifat becoming. Dalam pardigma kekuasaan Foucault, Giddens, dan Bourdieu, bila penggunaan kekerasan akan menyakiti pikiran, sedangkan tawuran mengintervensi pikiran dan menyakiti tubuh atau fisik.

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ABSTRACT

The phenomenon of engage in a gang fight which has become a pattern in Kampus Perak, to drive the writer to look for the problems root through cultural approach by ethnography method. This research used paradigms or theories of Foucault, Giddens, and Bourdieu?s power, which express the root of engage in a gang fight.

The students from sub-ordinate ethnic or marginal of social community have to struggle as groups and coalitions to have equality and accounted in Kampus Perak are representation Southeast Sulawesi communities which have not dominant cultures have consequences of power resources and economic fighting too tight and having conflict potentials. The students historical in Kampus Perak formed groups based on ethnicity. The dominant group lowered barata as the marginal groups, in turned over the marginal groups refuse as the mirror of general indication in the larger community. Silat as a self-defense skill to save the security and safe, in turned over uses the need to engage in a gang fight had become a culture of doers and people who take advantages. The winner student of the engage in a gang fight has big chance ahead to the position as group leader, organization, and bureaucrat. The operational fund resource of engaging in a gang fight from prominent figures of Social Fathers or Mothers mentioned as Dalang for having courage troops as safety protectors and guards whenever contestation or to defense position in bureaucracy. This method is in contradiction with community local values such as kaghati mind patterns (kites) and toba action patterns (action learning patterns) of humans as parts of universe. The efforts of Kampus Perak bureaucrat contend of engage in gang fight of the students so far through law and dialogue approaches un effective, but exactly cause individual popularity significant as freedom fighter and group solidarity.

Through the research process, found that the kaghati-toba against Dalangbarata as the culture idea which stable and characterized as ?being?, utilized the three capabilities as tongue, penis, and badik as the implementation of culture which melt and characterized ?becoming?. In the power paradigm of Foucault, Giddens, and Bourdieu, if using the violence will hurt the mind, while the fighting, beside will be intervention the mind, will be hurt the physic or body."

"Hampir setiap ada permasalahan, mahasiswa sering mengedepankan fisik dalam upaya menyelesaikannya, Tawuran antar mahasiswa terkait dengan kurang matangnya kerangka berpikir seorang mahasiswa. Dalam mengatasi persoalan yang dialami temannya, mahasiswa sering kali tidak mau berpikir logis dan jernih dan sering mengedepankan emosi yang mengatasnamakan kesetiakawanan.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya konflik antar mahasiswa dan peran Pemerintah Daerah dan pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi dalam menangani konflik antar mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Makassar dalam menangani konflik antar mahasiswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif analisis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik antar mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Makassar yaitu Dendam, Doktrin Senior dan Solidaritas. Dalam penanganan konflik mahasiswa, peran Pemerintah Daerah dan pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi masih lemah dalam hal pengawasan aktivitas mahasiswa baik di kampus maupun di asrama-asrama mahasiswa, selain itu kurang optimalnya kinerja forum-forum pemerintah yang dibentuk untuk mendeteksi dini potensi konflik. Untuk itu dibutuhkan koordinasi antar pimpinan maupun stakeholder dalam upaya penanganan konflik antar mahasiswa di Universitas Negeri Makassar.

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Almost every problem, students often put forward in an effort to resolve physical, brawl between students associated with less frame of a student matures. In addressing the problems experienced by his friends, students often do not want to think logically and clearly and often put forward in the name of solidarity emotions.

This research was conducted to know the cause factors of the conflict among university students and the role of local government and head of university in handling the conflict among students in state university of Makassar. This research was conducted by using qualitative method through descriptive analytic approach.

The result of the study showed that the cause factors of the conflict among students in state university of Makassar are vengeance, senior doctrine and solidarity. The role of local government and head of university are still weak in supervising students? activities inside the university or student dormitories. Moreover, government forum which supposed to work as early conflict detection did not work optimally."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang resosialisasi pentolan tawuran pelajar menjadiagen perdamaian yang dilakukan oleh organisasi CERIC FISIP UI sebagai salahsatu upaya untuk menangani konflik tawuran pelajar di Jakarta. Konflik tawuranpelajar di Jakarta merupakan salah satu bentuk permasalahan sosial di Jakarta.Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menangani konflik tersebut namun belumada yang melakukan dengan cara resosialisasi. Berdasarkan kajian terdahuludiketahui bahwa konsep resosialisasi digunakan untuk menangani permasalahanterhadap pecandu narkotika ataupun terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK).Oleh karena itu pada penelitian kali akan dilihat bagaimana resosialisasidigunakan oleh organisasi CERIC FISIP UI untuk menangani permasalahantawuran pelajar di Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitaifdengan jenis studi kasus agar dapat mendapatkan gambaran cara organisasiCERIC FISIP UI dalam melakukan resosialisasi terhadap pentolan tawuranpelajar. Sumbangan yang dapat diberikan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa upayauntuk menangani permasalahan tawuran pelajar bukan hanya dapat dilakukan olehpemerintah atau aparat hukumnya namun dapat dilakukan oleh organisasi nonpemerintah seperti CERIC FISIP UI yang memang berfokus pada upaya resolusikonflik. Selain itu, konsep sosiologis resosialisasi dapat digunakan untuk menjadisalah satu alternatif cara untuk menangani permasalahan tawuran pelajar diJakarta.

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ABSTRACTThe thesis discusses the resocialization frontman student brawls becomeagents of peace conducted by the CERIC FISIP UI organizations as one way tohandle conflict student brawls in Jakarta. Conflict student brawls in Jakarta is oneform of social problems in Jakarta. Various attempts have been made to solve theconflict, but no one has done by way of resocialization. Based on previous studiesit is known that the concept of resocialization used to deal with the problems ofthe drug addicts or against commercial sex workers (CSWs). But no one has usedthis sociological concept to handle student brawls. Therefore, the study will lookat how resocialization used by CERIC FISIP UI Organization to handle theproblem of student brawls in Jakarta. This research was conducted withQualitative approach to the type of case studies in order to get an idea of how theCERIC FISIP UI organization in doing resocialization against frontman studentbrawls. Contributions can be given of this study is that efforts to choice theproblems brawl students not only can be done by the government or legalauthorities, but can be done by non-governmental organizations such as CERICFISIP UI that is focused on conflict resolution. In addition, the concept ofsociological resocialization can be used to be an alternative way to deal withproblems in Jakarta student brawls.;The thesis discusses the resocialization frontman student brawls becomeagents of peace conducted by the CERIC FISIP UI organizations as one way tohandle conflict student brawls in Jakarta. Conflict student brawls in Jakarta is oneform of social problems in Jakarta. Various attempts have been made to solve theconflict, but no one has done by way of resocialization. Based on previous studiesit is known that the concept of resocialization used to deal with the problems ofthe drug addicts or against commercial sex workers (CSWs). But no one has usedthis sociological concept to handle student brawls. Therefore, the study will lookat how resocialization used by CERIC FISIP UI Organization to handle theproblem of student brawls in Jakarta. This research was conducted withQualitative approach to the type of case studies in order to get an idea of how theCERIC FISIP UI organization in doing resocialization against frontman studentbrawls. Contributions can be given of this study is that efforts to choice theproblems brawl students not only can be done by the government or legalauthorities, but can be done by non-governmental organizations such as CERICFISIP UI that is focused on conflict resolution. In addition, the concept ofsociological resocialization can be used to be an alternative way to deal withproblems in Jakarta student brawls., The thesis discusses the resocialization frontman student brawls becomeagents of peace conducted by the CERIC FISIP UI organizations as one way tohandle conflict student brawls in Jakarta. Conflict student brawls in Jakarta is oneform of social problems in Jakarta. Various attempts have been made to solve theconflict, but no one has done by way of resocialization. Based on previous studiesit is known that the concept of resocialization used to deal with the problems ofthe drug addicts or against commercial sex workers (CSWs). But no one has usedthis sociological concept to handle student brawls. Therefore, the study will lookat how resocialization used by CERIC FISIP UI Organization to handle theproblem of student brawls in Jakarta. This research was conducted withQualitative approach to the type of case studies in order to get an idea of how theCERIC FISIP UI organization in doing resocialization against frontman studentbrawls. Contributions can be given of this study is that efforts to choice theproblems brawl students not only can be done by the government or legalauthorities, but can be done by non-governmental organizations such as CERICFISIP UI that is focused on conflict resolution. In addition, the concept ofsociological resocialization can be used to be an alternative way to deal withproblems in Jakarta student brawls.]"

"ABSTRAKRagam hias wadasan dan mega mendung merupakan ragam hias yang banyak menghiasi bangunan-bangunan di Kepurbakalaan Islam Cirebon. Dianatara bangunan_bangunan kuno di cirebon, keraton merupakan salah satu bangunan yang dihiasi oleh kedua ragam hias. Terdapat tiga keraton di Cirebon, yaitu Kasepuhan, Kanoman, dan Kacirebonan, Keraton Kacirebonan merupakan satu-satunya yang tidak dihiasi kedua ragam hias tersebut. Ragam hias wadasan telah ada sejak masa pemerintahan Sunan Gunung Jati. Hal itu terbukti dengan adanya wadasan pada area bekas Keraton Pakungwati. Sedangkan ragam bias mega mendung, menurut para ahli, merupakan ragam hias yang bentuknya dipengaruh kebudayaan Cina. Penelitian terhadap aspek bentuk kedua ragam hias di kedua keraton menunjukkan adanya bentuk-bentuk khas yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing keraton, di samping bentuk-bentuk yang umum ditemui di kedua keraton. Bentuk-bentuk khas wadasan di Keraton Kasepuhan adalah bentuk dasar segitiga dengan puncak membulat dan segitiga dengan puncak mendatar. Bentuk wadasan yang hanya terdapat di Keraton Kanoman adalah bentuk dasar belah ketupat dan kerucut. Bentuk wadasan yang terdapat di kedua keraton adalah bentuk dasar segitiga dengan puncak meruncing. Bentuk mega mendung yang hanya ada di Keraton Kasepuhan adalah bentuk dasar belah ketupat dengan garis-garis pembentuk yang arahnya vertikal. Keraton Kanoman tidak mempunyai bentuk mega mendung yang khas,'karena di keraton tersebut mega mendungnya adalah mega mendung yang berbentuk dasar belah ketupat dengan garis-garis pembentuk yang arahnya horisontal yang terdapat juga di Keraton Kasepuhan. Selain perbedaan bentuk, terdapat perbedaan pemilihan bahan pembuat mega mendung pada kedua keraton. Di Keraton Kasepuhan hanya bahan tras tang dipilih untuk membentuk mega mendung, sedangkan di Keraton Kanoman, selain bahan tras, bahan kayu dan kulit binatang (sapi) juga dipakai untuk membuat mega mendung. Perbedaan pemilihan bahan tidak terlihat pada wadasan, karena wadasan di kedua keraton sama_sama dibuat dengan menggunanakan bahan kayu, tras, dan karang. Perbedaan yang juga terlihat antara kedua aragam hias di kedua keraton juga terlihat pada keberadaan wadasan di masing-masing keraton. Di Keraton Kasepuhan, wadasan merupakan ragam hias yang lebih banyak terlihat sebagai bagian dari satu kelompok ragam hias, seperti pada relief yang memuat berbagai bentuk ragam hias, termasuk wadasan. Di Kanoman, wadasan lebih cenderung sebagai ragam hias yang mandiri, tidak menjadi bagian dari satu kelompok ragam hias. Persamaan yang teramati, selain persamaan pemilihan bahan wadasan, pola persebaran kedua jenis ragam hias. Baik( wadasan maupun mega mendung sama-sama tersebar pada bangunan-bangunan dan benda-benda yang terletak di halaman III (halaman paling selatan kompleks bangunan) kedua keraton, kecuali wadasan yang menempel pada tembok pembatas halaman II dan III KeratonKanoman. Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut mungkin didorong oleh pengaruh kekuasaan raja dan penghuni masing-masing keraton. Sedangkan persamaan-persamaan yang timbul agaknya dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan kaidah-kaidah yang dijadikan pegangan oleh para seniman dalam membuat atau penempatkan ragam hias wadasan dan mega mendung di keraton Kasepuhan dan Kanoman. kaidah-kaidah tersebut bisa berupa tradisi atau kebiasaan turun temurun.

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"ABSTRAKDiskusi tentang seni selama ini selalu ditempatkan pada sisi kebebasan dan tanpa adanya struktur dan aturan-aturan birokrasi. Selain ruang yang bebas, individu atau personal juga dilihat sebagai satu-satunya sumber dari keberadaan suatu karya seni. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Kampus Seni Jakarta yang dilakukan dengan metode etnografi selama kurang lebih 3 bulan, kreativitas mahasiswa seni sebagai pelaku seni tidak lagi hanya muncul pada kegiatan di luar kampus saja dan juga dalam proses kreatif tersebut individu selalu berelasi dengan individu atau kelompok sosial lain. Tesis ini memaparkan karya-karya seni yang merupakan bentuk ekspresi dari pengalaman hidup pelaku seni. Para pelaku kemudian menyelaraskan pengalaman-pengalaman yang terdapat dalam setiap masa di kehidupan dengan apa yang dialami pada saat ini. Keselarasan tersebut kemudian menjadi bekal pelaku seni untuk berkreativitas. Proses kreatif yang dilakukan di kampus dan di luar kampus membuat mahasiswa seni sebagai pelaku seni berusaha untuk menemukan ruang berekspresi demi memenuhi kebutuhan akan otonomi diri. Jadi, dalam konteks mahasiswa seni ini, kreativitas bisa hadir ketika individu mampu menyelaraskan pengalaman-pengalamannya dan berinkorporasi dengan masyarakat sosialnya.

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ABSTRACTDiscussions about the arts have always been placed on the side of freedom or without the existence of bureaucratic rules. In addition to freedom, individuality are also seen as the only source of the existence of the art work. Based on the results of research in Jakarta Art Campus conducted by ethnography method for approximately 3 months, the creativity of art students as the artists no longer only appear on campus only and also in the creative process individuals always relate to the others. This thesis explains the art work which is a form of expression from the artist rsquo s life experience.The experiences that exist in each lifetime are harmonized with what is experienced today. The harmonization of experience is a provision of creativity of the artist. The creative process undertaken on campus and outside of the campus makes art students as artists trying to find a space of expression to fulfill the need for self aoutonomy. Thus, in the context of this art student, creativity can be present when the individual is able to harmonize her experiences and incorporate with her social community."

"[ABSTRAKBRPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara optimisme dan bersyukur pada mahasiswa penerima Beasiswa Bidikmisi Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan metode kuantitatif untuk mengukur dua variabel yakni optimisme dan bersyukur. Alat ukur optimisme menggunakan Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) yang dibuat oleh Scheier, Carver, & Bridges (1994) dan alat ukur bersyukur menggunakan Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) yang dikembangkan oleh McCullough, Emmons, dan Tsang (2001) dan diadopsi dari Amanda (2014). Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 257 orang mahasiswa penerima Beasiswa Bidikmisi angkatan 2011, 2012, 2013, dan 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif yang signifikan antara optimisme dan bersyukur pada mahasiswa penerima Beasiswa Bidikmisi.;The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship.;The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship.;The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship.;The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship.;The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship., The aim of this study was to investigate was there any correlation between optimism and gratitude among students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia. This study was conducted by quantitative study to measure both variables which was optimism and gratitude. Optimism measurement used Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was created by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, (1994) and gratitude measurement used Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) which has been developed by McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang (2001) andadopted by Amanda (2010). Participants of this study were 257 students of Bidikmisi Schoolarship at University Indonesia branch of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The result of the study shows that there was a significant positive correlation between optimism and gratitude among student of Bidikmisi Schoolarship.]"