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"This book contains steam tables for practical industrial use calculated by using the international standard IAPWS-IF97 for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam and the IAPWS industrial standards for transport and other properties. The complete set of equations of IAPWS-IF97 is presented including all supplementary backward equations adopted by IAPWS for fast calculations of heat cycles, boilers, and steam turbines. The calculation of the properties is not only shown for the usual input parameter pairs pressure and temperature, but also for the parameters pressure and enthalpy, pressure and entropy, enthalpy and entropy. It is for the first time that such a description is given. For designing advanced energy conversion processes, tables and property calculation algorithms of steam up to 2000 °C are given.In addition, these steam tables contain the following features: - Formulas to calculate arbitrary partial derivatives of the eight most important properties from IAPWS-IF97, which are very helpful in non-stationary process modelling, are shown.- The uncertainty values of IAPWS-IF97 regarding the most important properties are included.- Pressure-temperature diagrams with isolines of 26 thermodynamic, transport and other properties are added."

"Furfural merupakan produk utama hidrolisis tandan kosong sawit (TKS). Kemurnian furfural tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui distilasi hidrolisat TKS. Perancangan alatnya dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data kesetimbangan uap-cair (VLE) untuk memperoleh hasil purifikasi terbaik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pembuatan kurva VLE pemisahan furfural dan air sebagai representasi dari larutan hidrolisat tandan kosong sawit. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap data sekunder untuk campuran furfural dan air dan diuji dalam kondisi ideal dan pada tiga model VLE: van Laar, Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL), dan Universal Quasi Chemical (UNIQUAC), untuk dibandingkan dan ditentukan model yang lebih konsisten terhadap literatur. Akurasi setiap model juga dianalisis dengan menghitung nilai deviasi rata-rata dan R2. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model NRTL hampir memiliki pola kurva yang sama dengan pola kurva VLE literatur dibandingkan pada model VLE lainnya. Nilai deviasi rata-rata untuk kondisi ideal, van Laar, NRTL, dan UNIQUAC masing-masing adalah sebesar 0,1157; 0,0937; 0,0882; dan 0,0954, sedangkan nilai R2 setiap kurva adalah sebesar 0,174; 0,235; 0,323; dan 0,297. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa NRTL dapat digunakan sebagai model kurva VLE dari distilasi hidrolisat TKS yang mengandung furfural dan air, dan merupakan model yang lebih sesuai ketimbang model lainnya.

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Furfural is the main Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) hydrolysis product. It can achieve high purity from hydrolysate distillation. Its equipment design can be done by utilizing vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to achieve high furfural purity. The purpose of this research is to develop a Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) curve for furfural and water separation as a representation of OPEFB hydrolysate solution. This research is done on secondary data of furfural and water mixture and examined on an ideal condition and three models: van Laar, Non- Random Two Liquid (NRTL), and Universal Quasi Chemical (UNIQUAC), to compare and determine the more appropriate model for curve development. Mean deviation and R2 value calculation are for quantitative model analysis. The research shows that the NRTL model almost mimics the literature curve compared to other models. Mean deviation calculation shows that the values for an ideal condition, van Laar, NRTL, and UNIQUAC respectively are 0.1157, 0.0937, 0.0882, and 0.0954, while the values for R2 are 0.174, 0.235, 0.323, and 0.297. The results show that the NRTL model can be used for VLE curve development for OPEFB hydrolysate distillation consisting of furfural and water and is the more appropriate model compared to other models."