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"Jepang, telah mengalami banyak perkembangan seusai Perang Dingin hingga menjadisalah satu militer tercanggih di Asia Timur. Pada 2006, Jepang dan sekutunya yaituAmerika Serikat menandatangani perjanjian relokasi dari Okinawa, dimana 59%biaya relokasi ditanggung oleh Jepang. Intensi mempertahankan kehadiran AmerikaSerikat tersebut memerlukan justifikasi berdasarkan perspektif Jepang terhadapwilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan konsep balancing danbandwagoning yang dikemukakan oleh Stephen Walt dalam menentukankecenderungan strategi pertahanan yang dipraktikkan Jepang, ditambah faktor berupaintensi agresif dari Cina sebagai kompetitor Jepang, perimbangan kekuatan antaraCina dan Aliansi Keamanan Amerika Serikat-Jepang, serta kondisi lingkunganstrategis Asia Timur.

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AbstractJapan has experienced many changes since the Cold War until it became one of themost sophisticated military in East Asia. In 2006, Japan and U.S. signed a relocationagreement from Okinawa, in which Japan shared 59% of the cost. This intention ofkeeping U.S. presence needs to be justified from Japanese perspective of itssurroundings. This research will utilize Stephen Walt?s concept of balancing andbandwagoning besides considering several factors such as Chinese aggressive intentas Japan's competitor, balance of force between China and U.S.-Japan, and alsostrategic environment of East Asia."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari volatilitas nilai tukar terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke mitra dagang utama, khususnya Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian menggunakan data bulanan mulai Januari 1998 hingga Oktober 2015. Harga komoditas turut menjadi variabel bebas. Indeks volatilitas nilai tukar dihasilkan menggunakan rata-rata bergerak dari standar deviasi pergerakan nilai tukar riil. Estimasi hubungan jangka panjang diperoleh melalui Autoregressive-Distributed Lag ARDL bounds testing, sedangkan hubungan jangka pendek diuji menggunakan metode error-correction-model ECM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas rupiah terhadap yen berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke Jepang, sedangkan fluktuasi rupiah terhadap dolar AS secara jangka pendek berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor Indonesia ke AS. Harga komoditas relatif kurang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja ekspor Indonesia ke kedua negara, terkecuali pada kasus ekspor jangka panjang ke Jepang.

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This paper investigates the long run and short run impacts of the real exchange rate volatility on Indonesia rsquo s real exports to its major trading partners, namely Japan and the US. The study uses monthly data from January 1998 to October 2015 thus captures the structural break period of the GFC 2008. Commodity price is included as an explanatory variable. The index of exchange rate volatility is generated using moving sample standard deviation of the growth of the real exchange rate. Estimates on the long run cointegration and the short run dynamics are obtained using Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL bounds testing and the error correction model ECM respectively. The findings suggest that bilateral exchange rate volatility reduces Indonesia rsquo s export to Japan. Fluctuation of rupiah against the US dollar helps Indonesia rsquo s export to the US in the short run. The impact of commodity price is negligible, except for the long run export to Japan."

"This paper deals with the issue of Japan's public debt, particularly from a governance perspective. Japan's public debt continues to follow a rising path mainly due to the fact that, in the harsh economic climate the country has experienced since the 1990s, the government has ended up increasing public sector spending in order to support the Japanese economy....."