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"Cakupan penelitian virtual manufacturing ini adalah menggunakan teknologi informasi dan simulasi menggunakan computer untuk memodelkan proses manufaktur di dunia nyata dengan menganalisis serta memahami prosesnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan arsitektur, konseptualisasi, dan pengujian sistem yang dapat membaca pergerakan dan kontraksi otot lengan manusia yang dapat berinteraksi dengan objek secara maya dalam sistem 3D CAD. Target kelompok pengguna untuk sistem ini adalah industri manufaktur atau individu yang tidak mau menghabiskan terlalu banyak waktu dan biaya untuk proses pembuatan prototipe. Input sistem terdiri dari sinyal electromyogram EMG dari otot-otot di tangan dan pengolahan citra tangan. Setiap input diproses oleh algoritma yang menghasilkan informasi real time dengan menggunakan NRF24L01 radio frequency tranciever. Output sistem ini digabungkan untuk menghasilkan kontrol kursor yang efektif dan efisien. Eksperimen dilakukan untuk membandingkan kinerja electromyogram di lokasi yang berbeda pada lengan manusia dan menciptakan lingkungan maya sebagai media kontrol kursor. Dari hasil penelitian, model arsitektur yang dikembangkan berhasil dengan baik, dimana pengaruh gaya dan kontraksi otot dapat dibaca dan berinteraksi dengan objek maya pada 3D CAD system.

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The research scope for virtual manufacturing is the use of information technology and computer simulation to model real world manufacturing processes for the purpose of analysing and understanding them.This study aims to develop architecture, conceptualization, and system testing that can read the movement and contraction of human arm muscles also interact with objects virtually in 3D CAD system. Target user groups for this system are manufacturing industries or individuals who do not want to spend too much time and cost for the prototype manufacturing process. The system input consists of electromyogram EMG signals from the arm muscles and hand image procession. Each input is processed by an algorithm that generates real time information using NRF24L01 radio frequency tranciever. These system outputs are combined to produce effective and efficient cursor controls. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the electromyogram at different locations on the human arm and create a virtual environment as a cursor control medium. From the results of the research, this model architecture successfully worked well, in which force and muscle contraction can be read and interacted with virtual objects in 3D CAD system."

"This book reviews the algorithms for processing geometric data, with a practical focus on important techniques not covered by traditional courses on computer vision and computer graphics. Features, presents an overview of the underlying mathematical theory, covering vector spaces, metric space, affine spaces, differential geometry, and finite difference methods for derivatives and differential equations, reviews geometry representations, including polygonal meshes, splines, and subdivision surfaces, examines techniques for computing curvature from polygonal meshes, describes algorithms for mesh smoothing, mesh parametrization, and mesh optimization and simplification, discusses point location databases and convex hulls of point sets, investigates the reconstruction of triangle meshes from point clouds, including methods for registration of point clouds and surface reconstruction, provides additional material at a supplementary website, and includes self-study exercises throughout the text."

"The effect of rice husk ash produced at different grinding times on the engineering properties of concrete was studied. Eight rice husk ashes representing different grinding times were used in this investigation. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to partially replace Port land cement Type I at 15% by weight of cementitious material. The compressive strength of concrete was designed to achieve grade 40 N/mm2 at 28 days. A superplasticizer was added to all mixes to provideworkability in the range of 110-120 mm. However, the water to cement ratio (w/c) of the concrete was maintained at 0.49. Based on the results, the morphology of the rice husk ashes was changed by grinding. Optimum grinding time appeared to be approximately 90 minutes, during which time the compressive strength increased significantly. Generally, incorporation of RHA at various grinding times can dramatically decrease or increase the engineering properties of concrete. "