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"This textbook employs a technical and quantitative approach to explain subsurface hydrology and hydrogeology, and to offer a comprehensive overview of groundwater-related topics such as flow in porous media, aquifer characterization, contaminant description and transport, risk assessment, and groundwater remediation. It describes the characterization of subsurface flow of pristine and polluted water and provides readers with easily applicable tools for the design of water supply systems, drinking-water source protection, and remediation interventions. Specific applications range from groundwater exploitation as a drinking water supply to the remediation of contaminated aquifers, from the definition and safeguarding of drinking-water sources to the assessment of human health risks in connection with groundwater contamination events.The book represents an ideal learning resource for upper-undergraduate and graduate students of civil engineering, environmental engineering, and geology, as well as practitioners in the fields of water resource management and environmental protection who are interested in groundwater engineering and technical hydrogeology."

"Cekungan Air Tanah Jakarta merupakan CAT lintas provinsi yang meliputi Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, dan Banten. Seiring dengan peningkatan populasi dan pembangunan, cekungan air tanah akan semakin rawan terhadap suatu isu permasalahan apabila tidak dilakukan konservasi. Tangerang merupakan daerah yang sebagian wilayahnya termasuk ke dalam CAT Jakarta yang memiliki jumlah kepadatan penduduk dan industri yang tinggi, sehingga berdampak kepada peningkatan pengambilan air tanah dan kualitas air tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui fasies geokimia dan kualitas air tanah pada akuifer dangkal di Tangerang dan sekitarnya menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran dengan mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/MENKES/PER.IV/2010 tentang persyaratan kualitas air minum. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 30 titik sumur bor hingga kedalaman 40 meter. Berdasarkan analisis data bor didapatkan litologi penyusun daerah penelitian terdiri atas batulempung, batulanau, batupasir, dan tuf. Analisis geokimia air tanah menunjukan terdapat fasies CaMgHCO3 30%, CaMgSO4 13%, NaCl 30%, dan NaHCO3 27%. Evaluasi kualitas air tanah menghasilkan nilai sekitar 2.5 – 6.3. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan fasies air tanah yang dominan merupakan fasies kalsium magnesium hidroksida dan natrium klorida serta air tanah pada akuifer dangkal memiliki tingkat pencemaran ringan – sedang. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengelolaan dan konservasi air tanah untuk mengurangi tingkat pencemaran air.

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Jakarta Groundwater Basin is a cross-provincial groundwater basin covering DKI Jakarta, West Java, and Banten Provinces. Along with the increase in population and development, groundwater basins will be more vulnerable to a problem if conservation is not carried out. This research was conducted in Tangerang, which part of its territory is included in Jakarta Groundwater Basin. Tangerang has a high population density and industry, which has an impact on increasing groundwater abstraction and groundwater quality. This research aims to determine the geochemical facies and groundwater quality in shallow aquifers in Tangerang and its surroundings. The method used in this research is using the pollution index method for drinking water quality based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492. The analysis was carried out on 30 drilled well points to a depth of 40 meters. Based on the analysis of drill data, it was found that the lithology that composes the research area consists of claystone, siltstone, sandstone, and tuff. Geochemical analysis of groundwater shows that there are 30% CaMgHCO3; 13% CaMgSO4; 30% NaCl; 27% NaHCO3 hydrogeochemical facies. Evaluation of groundwater quality yields a value of about 2.5 – 6.3. From these data, it can be concluded that the dominant groundwater facies is the calcium magnesium hydroxide and sodium chloride facies, groundwater quality in shallow aquifers has mild to moderate pollution levels. Therefore, it is necessary to manage and conserve groundwater to reduce the level of water pollution."

"Air merupakan komoditas penting yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Salah satu daerah yang menggunakan air yang bersumber dari sumur gali untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakatnya adalah Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Namun, resiko penggunaan sumur gali adalah kualitas air tanah yang kurang layak untuk digunakan. Penelitian yang dilakukan di sekitar daerah Kecamatan Cipanas memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui persebaran fasies air tanah pada daerah penelitian. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode hidrogeokimia. Dalam menentukan fasies air tanah menggunakan diagram Gibbs diagram Durov, diagram Stiff, dan diagram Piper. Tiga fasies air tanah yang tersebar, yaitu calcium magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, dan calcium magnesium bicarbonate. Proses kimia air tanah daerah penelitian didominasi oleh disolusi dan pertukaran ion sehingga mineral karbonatan cukup mendominasi. Kualitas air tanah daerah penelitian apabila mengacu Permenkes No. 37 Tahun 2017 untuk penggunaan higiene sanitasi tidak memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan.

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Water is an important commodity that is used by the community to fulfil the needs of daily life. One area that uses water sourced from dug wells to improve the quality of life of its people is Cipanas District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province. However, the risk of using dug wells is that the groundwater quality is not suitable for use The research conducted around the Cipanas District area has the aim of knowing the distribution of groundwater facies in the studied area. The method used is a hydrogeochemical method. In determining groundwater facies using Gibbs diagrams, Durov diagrams, Stiff diagrams, and Piper diagrams. Three groundwater facies are found, they are calcium magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium magnesium bicarbonate. The chemical process of groundwater in the study area is dominated by dissolution and ion exchange so that carbonate minerals dominate. The groundwater quality of the research area referring to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 37 of 2017 for the use of sanitation hygiene does not pass the requirements for use."

"Kawasan Rawa Danau merupakan salah satu kawasan yang akan dijadikan cagar alam geologi, khususnya kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten yang menjadi pusat dalam pengembangan wilayah. Untuk menunjang hal tersebut memerlukan penyelidikan geologi teknik sebagai dasar rekomendasi pengembangan wilayah terutama dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Dasar penentuan zona kemampuan geologi teknik adalah penyelidikan geologi teknik. Dalam penelitian ini, penyelidikan geologi teknik meliputi pemetaan geologi teknik seperti satuan geologi teknik, kondisi geomorfologi, kedalaman muka airtanah, dan potensi kerentanan bencana geologi. Berdasarkan hasil penyelidikan geologi teknik, didapatkan enam satuan geologi teknik pada daerah penelitian yaitu satuan residu piroklastik, satuan pasir lanauan, satuan residu batuan lava andesit terkekarkan, satuan residu batuan intrusi, satuan kolovium, dan satuan aluvium. Di daerah penelitian terdapat tiga zona kedalaman muka airtanah yaitu zona kedalaman muka airtanah dangkal (0 – 15 m), zona kedalaman muka airtanah dalam (15 – 30 m), dan zona kedalaman muka airtanah sangat dalam (> 30 m). Selain itu, terdapat tiga potensi bencana geologi seperti kerentanan gerakan tanah, rawan banjir, dan rawan terdampak gempabumi. Berdasarkan parameter – parameter diatas, didapatkan tiga zona kemampuan geologi teknik yaitu zona kemampuan geologi teknik sangat rendah, zona kemampuan geologi teknik rendah, dan zona kemampuan geologi teknik menengah. Maka dari itu, berdasarkan zona kemampuan geologi teknik terdapat tiga tipe lahan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi pengembangan wilayah yaitu lahan dapat dikembangkan, lahan yang mungkin dikembangkan dengan batasan ekonomi dan kendala fisik (wilayah kendala), serta lahan yang tidak dapat dikembangkan

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Rawa Danau is the one zone that has been proposed to be a geopark in Indonesia, especially in Cinangka, Serang, Banten which is become the center of regional development. Urban development must also consider engineering geological investigation as basic information for creating engineering geology capability zone and also as recommendations for regional development, especially in sustainable development. In this research, there are several methods for engineering geological investigation such as mapping of engineering geological, geomorphological conditions, unconfined groundwater depth zone, and vulnerability level of geological disasters. Based on engineering geological studies, there are six engineering geological units such as pyroclastic residue unit, silty sand unit, andesite lava residue unit, intrusion dacite residue unit, colluvium unit, and aluvium unit. There are three groups of unconfined groundwater depth such as shallow unconfined groundwater depth ( 0 – 15 m), deep unconfined groundwater depth ( 15 – 30 m), and the deepest unconfined groundwater depth ( > 30 m). Moreover, there are three types of geological disasters that can happen in there such as landslide, flood, and earthquake. There are also three types of engineering geology capability zone which are the lowest zone, low zone, and medium zone. Based on that engineering geology capability zone, in Cinangka there are three types of land that can be used as recommendations for urban development such as land that can be developed, land with constraints, and land that can’t be developed."

"Daerah sembalun yang berada di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat memiliki Potensi panas bumi yang besar. Potensi panas bumi yang besar tersebut haruslah dapat segera dimanfaatkan untuk mempercepat proses transisi ke energi baru terbarukan. Dalam proses eksplorasi energi panas bumi tersebut, salah satu tahapan yaitu pengeboran merupakan suatu tahapan penting dan juga mahal dalam eksplorasi panas bumi. Untuk itu diperlukan proses perencanaan yang matang, salah satunya dalam persiapan lokasi pengeboran. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengumpulan informasi geologi teknik dari daerah sembalun untuk menilai kesesuaian dari daerah penelitian untuk pembangunan dudukan sumur pengeboran. Metode penelitian meliputi pemetaan langsung di lapangan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kondisi lahan, data sifat fisik batuan dan tanah serta data diskontinuitas. Hasil akhir dari penelitian berupa peta geomorfologi sembalun yang terdiri atas satuan perbukitan tinggi vulkanik berlereng agak curam dan satuan pegunungan berlereng curam, peta geologi teknik yang tersusun atas satuan endapan tanah, satuan kolovium, satuan andesit lapuk rendah, satuan andesit lapuk tinggi, satuan breksi vulkanik lapuk rendah dan satuan breksi vulkanik lapuk tinggi, nilai kestabilan lereng dari Slope Mass Rating pada batu andesit adalah 62.4 dengan jenis kegagalan yang mungkin terjadi adalah wedge failure, selanjutnya nilai Slope Mass Rating breksi vulkanik adalah 58.07 dengan kegagalan jenis toppling failure. Dari keempat titik lokasi penelitian didapatkan lokasi SBL-2 merupakan titik dengan kesesuaian lahan yang baik.

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Sembalun region, located in West Nusa Tenggara Province has a large geothermal potential. The enormous geothermal potential must be used immediately speed up transition process to renewable energy. In the geothermal energy exploration process, one of the stages, namely drilling, is an important and costly stage in geothermal exploration. For this reason, a careful planning process is needed, one of which is in the preparation of drilling locations. In this study, geological engineering information was collected from the Sembalun area to decide the most suitable location for the construction of drilling well pad. The research method includes field mapping to get an overview of land conditions, data on physical properties of rocks and soils as well as discontinuity data. The final results of the research are sembalun geomorphological maps, consist of volcanic high hill with gently steep slope unit and volcanic mountain with steep slope unit. Geological engineering maps consist of soil sediment unit, colovium unit, high weathered andesit unit, low weathered andesit unit, high weathered volcanic breccia unit, low weathered volcanic breccia unit. SMR value of andesit rock is 62.4 with potential wedge failure and breccia volcanic with SMR value 58.07 with potential toppling failure. Of all locationin sembalun SBL-2 is the most suitable location."