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"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang manfaat penggunaan kacamata merah sebagai alat bantu dan memperpendek waktu adaptasi gelap (WADG) awak pesawat TNI-AU / ABRI di dalam simulator "Night Vision Trainer" (NVT) Lakespra S. Kacamata mata merah telah digunakan oleh awak pesawat untuk membantu proses adaptasi gelap, tetapi belum dilakukan penelitian tentang manfaat dari alat tersebut.Disain penelitian bersifat pre dan post eksperimen laboratorium tanpa kontrol. Sampel dengan syarat stakes I-II Jukniskesau 1993 diambil secara acak sederhana dari populasi awak pesawat TNI-AU / ABRI yang datang ke Lakespra S untuk "medical examination" (medex) dan mendapatkan Indoktrinasi dan Latihan Aerofisiologi (ILA) secara rutin. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 171 awak pesawat, terdiri dari 86 penerbang dan 85 non penerbang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan- Rata-rata WADG dengan memakai kacamata merah 27 men it 16 detik lebih cepat secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan rata-rata WADG tanpa memakai kacamata merah yaitu 30 menit 13 detik (p < 0,001).- Terbukti bahwa umur dan merokok merupakan faktor perancu terhadap proses adaptasi gelap / WADG.- Rata-rata WADG awak pesawat umur < 30 tahun lebih cepat secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan rata-rata WADG awak pesawat umur > 30 tahun.- Rata-rata WADG awak pesawat tidak merokok lebih cepat secara bermakna dibandingkan rata-rata WADG awak pesawat yang perokok.- Rata-rata WADG pada penerbang lebih pendek secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan rata-rata WADG non penerbang.- Lama sebagai anggota ABRI / awak pesawat seiring dengan umur yang juga bermakna terhadap WADG tanpa kacamata merah dan WADG dengan kacamata merah. Semakin lama bekerja, semakin tua umurnya dan semakin lama WADG.- Rata-rata WADG awak pesawat yang memakai kacamata hitam/"sunglasses" bila berada di bawah sinar yang many-Haulm / matahari lebih cepat secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan rata-rata WADG tidak memakai kacamata hitam.

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ABSTRACT

A study had been carried out using the Night Vision Trainer (NVT) simulator on the efficacy of red lens goggles as a tool to shorten the dark adaptation time (DAT) among the aircrews of the Indonesian Air Force / Indonesian Armed Forces. The red lens goggles had been used for quite a long time among the aircrews but there was no evaluation study to indentify its usefulness.

The design of the study was pre and post laboratory experiment with no control. The sample of the study were aircrews with the pre requisities "Stakes I - II Jukniskesau 1993" who came to Lakespra S. for medical examination (Hedex) and got Indoctrination and Aerofisiological Training routinely. The number of the samples collected were 171 aircrews consisted of 86 pilots and 85 non pilots.

The result of the study were as follows

- the mean of the DAT using red lens gloggles was 27 minutes 16 seconds is significantly shorter compare to not using red lens goggles of 30 minutes 13 seconds (p < 0,001).

- age and smoking were proved to be the confounders to the DAT.

- the mean of the DAT among aircrews with age < 30 years old is significantly shorter compare to the mean of DAT among aircrews with age ? 30 years old.

- the mean of the DAT among smoking aircrews is significantly longer compare to not smoking.

- the mean of the DAT among pilots is significantly shorter than among non pilot.

- both the length of time as Indonesian military and as aircrew member-ships along with increasing the age are significantly longer to the mean of the DAT both with and without red lens goggles. The longer working, the older of aircrew the longer the DAT.

- the mean of the DAT among those who wear sunglasses when they were in open area is significantly shorter than those who were not wear sunglasses."

"Tantangan yang dihadapi mobile robot pada operasi search and rescue adalah otomatisasi. Dalam mewujudkan mobile robot yang benar-benar otomatis, terdapat 3 permasalahan yang perlu dipecahkan. Permasalahan tersebut adalah lokalisasi, pemetaan, dan perencanaan rute. Di antara ketiga permasalahan tersebut, permasalahan paling fundamental yang harus dipecahkan adalah lokalisasi. Salah satu algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan lokalisasi adalah Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Kelebihan algoritma ini antara lain dapat diterapkan pada sistem mikrokontroler 8 bit sekalipun. Pada beberapa penelitian, implementasi algoritma ini membutuhkan banyak sensor. Implementasi algoritma ini pada sistem dengan sumber daya sensor minimal membutuhkan strategi khusus. Penelitian ini akan menguji performa dua metode yang digunakan untuk implementasi lokalisasi berbasis Extended Kalman Filter, yaitu landmark detection dan line extraction. Implementasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi khusus untuk menyesuaikan dengan keadaan robot yang memiliki sumber daya sensor minimal. Untuk landmark detection, strategi yang dilakukan adalah mempartisi dinding area uji, kemudian hasil partisi tersebut dianggap sebagai landmark. Untuk line extraction, proses ekstraksi baru dilakukan setelah robot bergerak maju tiga kali dan mendapat tiga titik. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa strategi landmark detection memiliki performa yang lebih baik daripada strategi line extraction, dengan error posisi x dan y dibawah 3 cm dan error orientasi dibawah 5 derajat.

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A challenge that must be overcome by a mobile robot used in a search-and-rescue operation is automation. To realize truly autonomous mobile robot, there are three problems that need to be solved. Those problems are localization, mapping, and path- planning. Among those three problems, the problem of localization is the most fundamental problem that need to be solved. One of the algorithm that can be used to localize a mobile robot is Extended Kalman Filter. The advantage of applying Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for localization is that this algorithm can be implemented even on 8-bit microcontroller based system. On some research, implementation of the EKF needs many sensors. Implementation of this algorithm on a system with minimum sensor resource needs a special strategy. This research will test the performance of two methods used to implement EKF-based localization, namely landmark detection and line extraction. The method is implemented using a special strategy to cope with the minimal sensor resource provided. To implement landmark detection method, the wall of testing environment is partitioned and then each partition is treated as an individual landmark. To implement the line extraction method, the extraction process is done after the robot moves forward three times and detect three points. The result gotten shows that landmark detection strategy gives better performance than line extraction strategy with the error of x and y position below 3 cm and orientation error below 5 degrees."

"This book summarizes the main achievements of the EC funded 6th Framework Program project COFCLUO. This project successfully contributed to the achievement of a top-level objective to meet society’s needs for a more efficient, safer and environmentally friendly air transport by providing new techniques and tools for the clearance of flight control laws. This is an important part of the certification and qualification process of an aircraft.In the book, the new techniques are explained and benchmarked against traditional techniques currently used by the industry. The new techniques build on mathematical criteria derived from the certification and qualification requirements together with suitable models of the aircraft. The development of these criteria and models are also presented in the book."

"Following the contributions of George E. Mueller, in this unique book Arthur L. Slotkin answers such questions as: exactly how did the methods developed for use in the Air Force ballistic missile programs get modified and used in the Apollo Program? How did George E. Mueller, with the help of others, manage the Apollo Program? How did NASA centers, coming from federal agencies with cultures of their own, adapt to the new structured approach imposed from Washington? George E. Mueller is the ideal central character for this book. He was instrumental in the creation of Apollo extension systems leading to Apollo, the Shuttle, and today’s ISS and thus was a pivotal figure in early American human spaceflight history."