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"Perdagangan intra-industri merupakan fenomena yang mendapat banyak perhatian dari banyak peneliti, baik secara teoritis maupun secara empiris. Awalnya fenomena ini banyak terjadi di negara maju, yang kemudian menyebar ke negara-negara berkembang pada tahun-tahun terakhir. Namun, hanya sedikit studi yang telah dilakukan pada negara-negara berkembang secara umum dan belum ada penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap perdagangan intra-industri di Indonesia secara mendalam. Studi ini mengkaji pola dan faktor-faktor determinan perdagangan intra-industri di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan indeks Grubel- Lloyd. Kemudian, perdagangan intra-industri dipisahkan menjadi perdagangan intra-industri horisontal dan perdagangan intra-industri vertikal. Model ekonometrik digunakan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor penentu total perdagangan intra-industri, perdagangan intra-industri horisontal dan perdagangan intra-industri vertikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks intra-industri di Indonesia cenderung meningkat pada periode 1991-200 . Secara umum, perdagangan intra- industri vertikal jauh lebih tinggi daripada perdagangan intra-industri horizontal dalam banyak kasus. Empat faktor penentu diidentifikasi untuk total perdagangan intra-industri yaitu, angka rata-rata PDB, selisih antara PDB, jarak geografis dan variabel dummy untuk AFTA, dan faktor-faktor penentu ini sama dengan factor- faktor untuk perdagangan intra-industri horisontal. Untuk perdagangan intra- industri vertikal, hanya ada tiga faktor penentu yang ditemukan signifikan yaitu, angka rata-rata PDB, selisih antara PDB, dan jarak geografis. Temuan ini sebagian besar sejalan dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya.

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Intra-industry trade is a phenomenon which has received much attention from researchers, both theoretically an empirically. Initially a phenomenon in developed countries, it has expanded to developing countries in recent year. However, only a few studies have conducted on developing countries in general and none has been done on Indonesia’s intra-industry trade. This study investigates the patterns and determinants of Indonesia’s intra-industry trade, measuring it by Grubel-Lloyd index. Then, intra-industry trade is disentangled into horizontal IIT and vertical IIT. Econometric models are used to explain the determinants of total IIT, horizontal IIT or vertical IIT.

The results show that Indonesia’s intra-industry index has tended to increase from 1991 to 2000. In general, vertical intra-industry trade is much higher than horizontal intra-industry trade in most cases. Four determinants were identified for total IIT, the average of the GDP, the difference of GDP, geographical distance and dummy variable for AFTA, and the same determinants were formed for horizontal IIT. For vertical IIT, however, only three determinants were found significant, the average of the GDP, the difference of GDP, and geographical distance. These findings are mostly in line with the results of previous studies on intra-industry trade. "

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