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"Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan merupakan satu kesatuan wilayah yurisdiksi yang berdaulat dan mempunyai wewenang untuk mengatur, mengelola dan memanfaatkan kekayaan laut yang dimilikinya. Kekayaan sumber daya perikanan yang dimiliki Indonesia menimbulkan ancaman, yaitu adanya illegal fishing yang mengganggu terhadap stabilitas keamanan laut atau maritime security. Menyadari bahwa luasnya wilayah Indonesia dan juga ancaman illegal fishing, maka penegakan hukum di laut tidak dilaksanakan oleh satu institusi secara mandiri. TNI AL, Kepolisian Perairan, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan serta Bakorkamla adalah lembaga penegak hukum di laut yang berwenang atas penegakan hukum illegal fishing.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penegakan hukum dan penjelasan keterkaitan illegal fishing dengan maritime security. Untuk menjelaskan permasalahan, kerangka teoritis yang dipakai adalah penegakan hukum di laut, ocean policy, global policing dan transnational organized crime.Penelitian kualitatif ini dilaksanakan dengan metode wawancara terstruktur dan juga focus group discussion. Data yang dikumpulkan mengindikasikan bahwa penegakan hukum yang dilaksanakan belum sepenuhnya efektif akibat tidak adanya harmonisasi dan koordinasi diantara penegak hukum karena pelaksanaan masih bersifat subsektoral. Ancaman illegal fishing terkait maritime security adalah karena dampak tindakan tersebut menghambat pelaksanaan pembangunan jangka panjang yang berada dalam kerangka ocean policy dan juga merupakan ancaman terhadap keamanan dan kedaulatan negara dengan pelibatan kapal berbendera asing yang melakukan penangkapan ikan tanpa izin.

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Indonesia as an archipelago state has a vast area of jurisdiction over the sea and as a sovereign state has the authority to rule, to manage, and to harness the wealth of natural resources at sea. The wealth of fishery resources that Indonesia have creates a threat, and that threat is illegal fishing that disturbe the maritime security. Realizing the vast area of Indonesian water and the rising threat of illegal fishing, the law enforcement at the sea did not execute by one institution only. Indonesian navy, marine police, ministry of marine and fishery, and Bakorkamla are the institution that has the authority at sea as law enforcer on illegal fishing.

This research aims to know the effectiveness of law enforcement and the explanation and the relatedness between illegal fishing and maritime security. To explain the problems, the theoretical framework being used are law enforcement at sea, ocean policy, global policing, and transnational organized crime.

This qualitative research used structural interview method and focus group discussion. The data being collected indicate that law enforcement that has been executed is not entirely effective because of the disharmony and lack of coordination between the law enforcer due to the nature of subsectoral execution. The threat of illegal fishing and maritime security are those actions causing delay of long term development in the framework of ocean policy and also a threat towards national security and its sovereign by the involvement of foreign ship that's been doing illegal fishing."

"Fisheries have an important and strategic role in the development of national economy, especially in promoting the expansion of employment opportunities, income generation, and the improvement of living standards of small fishermen, fish farmers and the parties entrepreneurs in the field of fisheries. The importance of the fisheries sector requires the preservation of the fisheries sector while maintaining the environment, sustainability, and availability of fish resources. Maritime country which has a large fishery resources often attract the attention of foreign fishing vessels to engage in fishing illegally (hereinafter referred to illegal fishing). Other factors that cause illegal fishing is the world's fish needs (demand) increased, on the other hand the world supply of fish is declining, as well as the occurrence of excess demand mainly of marine fish species such as tuna. Efforts to tackle illegal fishing is a matter that must be considered by a country. These measures should be set out clearly in the regulations of the country concerned. In fact the efforts taken between one country and another are differents. One example is the act of sinking foreign by the Indonesian government."

"Penangkapan ikan ilegal (Illegal fishing) merupakan praktik yang telah menjadi masalah bersama negara-negara di dunia. Salah satu zona maritim yang paling banyak terjadi Illegal fishing adalah zona ekonomi eksklusif (ZEE) yang terdapat yurisdiksi eksklusif suatu negara untuk kegiatan eksploitasi, eksplorasi, serta konservasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya hayati lautnya, termasuk juga sumber daya perikanannya. Banyaknya praktik Illegal fishing di ZEE tidak terlepas dari lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkan pengaturan yang tegas mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tersebut dalam hukum internasional dan juga hukum nasional.Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengaturan hukum internasional serta pengaturan hukum nasional negara-negara mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap praktik Illegal fishing di ZEE. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dalam bentuk deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai dampak dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh Illegal fishing, serta penegakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh setiap negara, dalam rangka memberantas praktik tersebut di ZEE negara bersangkutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat batasan-batasan tertentu terhadap penegakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan negara berdasarkan hukum internasional.

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Illegal fishing has become a common issue for all countries in the world. One of the maritime zones which many illegal fishing occur is exclusive economic zone (EEZ), where there are some exclusive jurisdiction for the purpose of exploiting, exploring, conserving, and managing the living resources, including fisheries. The number of illegal fishing practices in EEZ can not be saparated from the weakness of the law enforcement. Therefore, it needs a strict regulation regarding the law enforcement towards such practices, both in the international law and the national legislation.

The purposes of this research are to examine how the international and national law of states arranging the law enforcement towards illegal fishing practices in EEZ. Using juridical-normative method and descriptive form, this research is addresed for serving a comprehensive description concerning the impacts and damage caused by illegal fishing, and actions may be taken by states, as a law enforcement, for the purpose of eradicating such practices in EEZ. The result of this research shows that there are certain limitations on the implementation of the law enforcement can be conducted by states based on the international law."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Optimalisasi Tugas Penegak Hukum Di Laut Dalam Sistem Pengamanan Terpadu Terhadap Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing. Ada beberapa aturan yang telah dibuat oleh pemerintah dan kementerian dalam rangka untuk mengambil kebijakan terhadap penegakan hukum terhadap illegal fishing di laut agar bisa optimal efisien dan efektif. Akan tetapi secara aplikatif dilapangan masih belum dapat memenuhi target dalam meminimalkan tindak pidana illegal fishing di laut, dimana terdapat pelaku-pelaku kejahatan illegal fishing baik dilakukan oleh KII dan KIA yang belum tertangkap dan masih beroperasi di wilayah laut NKRI, serta masih banyaknya sumber daya perikanan yang di ambil secara ilegal oleh pelaku kejahatan dilaut.Tesis ini akan menjelaskan konsep bagaimana mengoptimalkan tugas penegakan hukum secara terpadu oleh aparat penegak hukum dil aut yang diberikan wewenang oleh undang-undang. Tesis ini juga akan menjabarkan banyak persoalan yang menjadi kendala dan solusi dalam menegakan tidak pidana illegal fishing di Indonesia agar bisa berjalan dengan optimal efisien dan efektif.

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This thesis discusses the Optimization of the Duty of Law Enforcement in the Sea in an Integrated Security System Against Illegal Fishing Crimes. There are several rules that have been made by the government and ministries in order to take policies on law enforcement against illegal fishing in the sea in order to be optimally efficient and effective. However, applicatively in the field it still cannot meet the target of minimizing the crime of illegal fishing in the sea, where there are perpetrators of illegal fishing both carried out by KII and KIA who have not been caught and are still operating in the NKRI sea area, as well as many fisheries resources which is taken illegally by criminals in the sea. This thesis will explain the concept of how to optimize the task of law enforcement in an integrated manner by law enforcement officers in the sea which is authorized by law. This thesis will also describe the many problems that become obstacles and solutions in upholding not criminal illegal fishing in Indonesia in order to run optimally efficiently and effectively."

"Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia yang memiliki ribuan pulau dan perairan yang luas, terletak pada posisi silang dunia diantara dua benua dan dua samudra sells didukung dengan potensi sumber daya kelautan yang melirnpah. Kondisi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menjamin kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam mewujudkan . tujuan nasional. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan lingkungan strategis yang senantiasa berubah secara dinamis, kondisi geografi Indonesia tersebut dapat memberiican peluang terjadinya berbagai bentuk dan jenis aneaman, diantaranya isu keamanan taut khususnya illegal fishing, sehingga diperlukan upaya pertabanan regatta. Sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tabun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara bahwa TNI AL berperan sebagai alat pertahanan negara di laut. Oleh karena itu, TNI AL dituntut untuk mampu melaksanakan pecan dan tugasnya dalam rangka menegakan kedaulatan dan hukum di taut.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberkan gambaran otentik peran TNI AL dalam melaksanakan penegakan hukum terhadap illegal fishing di wilayah perairan Indonesia saat ini serta kontribusinya terhadap Ketahanan Nasional.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptit data diperoleh melalui kajian kepustakaan dan wavvancara dari beberapa pakar di Mabes TNI AL, Koa.rmabar dan Lantarnal III untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang peran TNI AL dalam melaksanakan penegalcan hukum di laut.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis kualitatif yakni metalcukan analisis yang bersifat deskriptif yang dilandasi oleh teoriteori yang relevan, selanjutnya seluruh infonnasi yang diperoleh dilapangan ditakulcan reduksi data, display data serta pengambilan kesimpulanDari basil penelitian dapat diperoleh masnilaan bahwa seam universal Angkatan Laut memiliki tiga peran yaitu peran militer, peran diplomasi dan peran polisionil. Bagi TNI AL, peran ini telah diimplementnisaan dalam berbagai peraturan perundangundangan yang mengatur tentang tugas TNI AL dalam melaksanakan penegakan kedaulatan dan penegakkan hukum di laut. Sesuai Undang-undang Nomor 34 Tabun 2004 tentang TNI menyatakan bahwa TNI AL bertugas melaksanakan tugas di bidang pertahanan dan menegakan hUkum menjaga keamanan di wilayah yurisdiksi nasional. Tugas ini, pelaksanaannya diimplementasikan dalam tugas penegakan kedaulatan dan penegakan hokum di perairan Indonesia, Dalam praktek pelalcsanaan penegakan kedaulatan dan penegakan hokum di taut di lakukan secara serentak, karena walaupun keduanya dapat dibedakan nmun tidak dapat dipisahkan. Keduanya merupakan satu kesatuan, disisi lain merupakan penegakan kedaulatan sedangkan disisi sebaliknya merupakan penegakan bukum. Adanya perbedaan tergantung pads intensitas ancaman yang dihadapi. Sehingga bubungan aotana penegakan kedaulatan dan penegakan hukum adalah merupakan satu kesatuan tindakan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan Pecan TNI AL sebagai penegak hukum di taut khususnya dalam penanganan illegal fishing sampai saat hi ma5lb relevan dan diperlukan, karena kevvenangan Perwira TNI AL sebagai penyidik terhadap tindak pidana di bidang perikanan mempunyai landa:,an hukum yang kuat dan dic antumkan secara jelas dalarn peratwan perundang-undangan baik hukum nasional maupun hukum internasional. Dan telah memberiikan kontribusi terhadap katahanan nasional balk di bidang ekonomi maupun pertahanan keamanan.

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The unitary state of Republic Indonesia as the biggest archipelagic state and has thousands of islands and also wide territorial waters, is located on crosswise position of the earth, between two continents and two oceans and also supported by the abundance of sea resource. This condition can be exploited to guarantee in the interest of the state to bring into reality its national goals. However, a long with the development of the strategic area which dynamically change, this geography condition of Indonesian can give a chance to appear various kind of threat, one of which is the issue of sea safety especially about the illegal fishing, therefore the state defense is needed. According to the commission of law No. 3, 2002 about the state defense, this is said that the Indonesia Navy has a role as a device of the state defense in the sea. Therefore, the Indonesian Navy is demanded to be able to do its role and duties in order to uphold the sovereignty and law in the sea.The aim of this research is to give an authentic view of the Navy role in taking over the enforcement of law against the illegal fishing in the Indonesian territorial waters and also giving its contribution towards the National defense.This kind of research method uses the qualitative approach with the descriptive method. The data is obtained through literature studies and interviewing to some experts at the Indonesian Navy Headquarters, Koarmabar and Lantamal HI in order to get a view about its role in taking over the enforcement of law in the sea.The analysis technique which is used in this research is known as the qualitative analysis technique that is taking over the descriptive analysis which is based on relevant theories and furthermore taking over the data reduction of all field information and giving the data display and making conclusionBased on the result of its research can be obtained an input that is universally the Navy has three roles, those are military role, diplomacy and police action. For the Navy itself, those roles have been implemented in various regulations of legislation that organize the duties of the Navy in taking over the enforcement of sovereignty and law in the sea. According to Law No. 34, 2004 about the Indonesian Army, declares that the Indonesian Navy has the duty to take over the defense duty and to uphold the law/keep the safety of the National Jurisdiction territory. And the realization of this duty is implemented in the duty of upholding the sovereignty and law towards the Indonesian territorial waters. Practically, the realization is done all at. Once, because both of them cannot be separated even though they are differentiable. Both of them are united, they can be as the sovereignty enforcement or law. The distinction appeared depends on the intensity of the threat. Therefore, the relationships between them are united and undetectable in action. The Navy role as the upholder of law in the sea especially in handling the illegal fishing case, up to now is still relevant and needed, because the authority of the Navy officers as the investigators towards criminal act in fishery affairs has a strong law base and is attached clearly in the regulation of legislation, either in the national law or international law. And it has given its contribution towards the national defense either in economy sector or safety defense."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai beberapa permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum dalam penanganan tindak pidana perikanan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang didukung dengan wawanncara. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat berbagai kendala yang dihadapi oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum dalam menangani kasus tindak pidana perikanan yaitu adanya kebijakan pengendalian tuntutan pidana, materi pasal ? pasal dalam Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan, mekanisme penyimpanan dan eksekusi barang bukti.Untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut, maka kebijakan penuntutan pengendalian tindak pidana perlu dihilangkan karena menimbulkan independensi Jaksa dalam menjalankan tugasnya serta perlunya revisi terhadap beberapa materi pasal dalam Undang-Undang No.31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan, serta perlunya perbaikan dalam mekanisme penyimpanan dan eksekusi barang bukti yang dipakai dalam melakukan tindak pidana perikanan tersebut.

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This thesis discuss about some law problems that faced by Prosecutor in handling the illegal fishing crime or cases. This is a normative research with field interview. The result of this research that there are amount of problems that faced by Prosecutor in handling ilegal fishing crime/case, there are prosecution discresion, act number 31 year 2004 about illegal fishing, storing, handling and execution of the evidence.To solve that problems, prosecutors must have their own discretion about prosecution, so they have independency in working on their duty. The other that the act needed to rearrange some of the articles inside illegal fishing act, and at least there must be a renew about storing, handling and execution of the evidence that used to offense illegal fishing crime."

"ABSTRAK Penegakan hukum di laut memegang peranan dan fungsi yang sangat penting sebagai bagian dalam mewujudkan kewibawaan dan kedaulatan Negara di laut. Tindak Pidana illegal fishing sampai saat ini belum masuk dalam golongan kejahatan transnasional sebaimana tertuang dalam UNTOC. Namun, pelaku dari tindak pidana illegal fishing tidak menutup kemungkinan dilakukan oleh korporasi yang berada di luar Indonesia, dan selama ini belum pernah bisa dijerat dengan hukum Indonesia. Adanya perbedaan pandangan dari setiap penegak hukum untuk memidanakan korporasi menjadi isu penting, karena penegak hukum hanya berpegang pada KUHAP dimana pemidanaannya ditujukan kepada pelaku perorangan/pengurus dari korporasi tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

Law enforcement at the sea plays a very important role and function as part in realizing the authority and Sovereignty of the State at sea. Illegal act of illegal fishing has not been included in transnational crime as stated in UNTOC. But the perpetrators of illegal fishing crime is not possible to be done by corporations outside Indonesia, and so far has never been snared with Indonesian law. The existence of different views of every law enforcer to criminalize the corporation becomes an important issue, because law enforcement only holds KUHAP where its punishment is addressed to individual perpetrators/administrators of the corporation.

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Permasalahan illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU Fishing) adalah masalah yang menjadi perhatian negara - negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia, karena jumlah kasusnya yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun serta dampak yang ditimbulkan tidak saja pada ketersediaan sumber daya ikan, namun juga berdampak pada masalah sosial dan ekonomi. Selain itu, IUU Fishing juga mengancam kelestarian sumber daya laut serta merupakan suatu tindak kejahatan yang di dalamnya terdapat tindak pidana lainnya yang bersifat lintas negara, dari bentuk penipuan dokumen hingga perdagangan manusia sehingga dapat disebut sebagai bagian dari tindak pidana transnasional terorganisasi. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, Presiden Joko Widodo membentuk Satgas 115 dengan Perpres No. 115/2015 sebagai satuan tugas dengan mandat untuk melakukan penegakan hukum terhadap kasus - kasus IUU Fishing, yang terjadi di wilayah perairan dan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI). Satgas 115 menjadi “one roof enforcement system” bagi penanganan dan pencegahan IUU Fishing termasuk penegakan hukum di laut di mana di dalamnya terdapat lembaga/instansi yang berwenang melakukan penegakan hukum dan pengawasan laut berdasarkan peraturan perundang - undangan pembentukannya. Kinerja Satgas 115 menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan menurunnya jumlah pelanggaran IUU Fishing di ZEEI dan meningkatnya jumlah tangkapan yang ditunjukkan dengan jumlah kasus yang ditangani dan pendapatan nelayan. Keberhasilan tugas Satgas 115 dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk meneruskan sistem pengawasan laut, termasuk di dalamnya penanganan dan pencegahan IUU Fishing, dengan penguatan kelembagaan melalui peraturan perundang - undangan. Penguatan kelembagaan tersebut perlu untuk memperhatikan sifat koordinatif, kewenangan, kedudukan, dan pemanfaatan potensi terintegrasi antarlembaga/instansi terkait sebagai suatu “single agency” yang melanjutkan kinerja Satgas 115.

 

 

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Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing (IUU Fishing) has become a concern for countries worldwide. Indonesia is one of those countries because the number of IUU Fishing cases increases from year to year. The impact caused not only on the availability of fish stock but also affected social and economic problems. Besides, IUU Fishing also threatens the preservation of marine resources, sustainable fisheries, and is indicated as a cross country crime in which other offenses included. Those offenses are from frauds in the form of document to human trafficking so that it can be called a part of transnational organized crime. According to those facts, President Joko Widodo established Task Force 115 with Presidential Decree number 115 the year 2015 (Perpres 115/2015) as a task force with a mandate to enforce the law against IUU Fishing cases, which occurred in waters and the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEEI). There are Institutions/agencies authorized to carry out law enforcement and sea surveillance based on the laws and regulations of its formation before the establishment of Task Force 115. Task Force 115 becomes a "one roof enforcement system" for those Institutions/agencies for handling and preventing IUU Fishing, including law enforcement at sea. Task Force Performance 115 showed significant results with a decrease in the number of violations of IUU Fishing in ZEEI and an increase of catches indicated by the number of cases handled and fishermen's income. The success of the Task Force 115 task can be a consideration for continuing the marine surveillance system, including the handling and prevention of IUU Fishing, by strengthening its institutions through legislation. The institutional strengthening needs to pay attention to the coordinative nature, authority, position, and utilization of integrated potential between related institutions/agencies as a "single agency" that continues the performance of Task Force 115.

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"ABSTRAKTindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing) merupakan permasalahan serius untuk Indonesia. Kerugian yang dialami Indonesia akibat illegal fishing mencapai Rp. 300 triliun pertahun. Pemulihan aset (asset recovery) merupakan sarana yang dapat digunakan untuk memulihkan kerugian ekonomi yang terjadi akibat illegal fishing. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana penegakan hukum perkara illegal fishing dihubungkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang ingin mengoptimalkan ganti rugi dari tindak pidana perikanan dan apa upaya-upaya yang pemerintah dapat lakukan dalam melakukan pemulihan aset akibat illegal fishing bersama dengan aparat penegak hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat Preskriptif, peneliti menganalisa penegakan hukum terhadap perkara illegal fishing (dengan studi kasus kapal MV. Hai Fa) dan kemudian memberikan masukan (rekomendasi) cara pemulihan aset (asset recovery) yang dapat dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlunya diambil langkah-langkah upaya pemulihan aset dengan menggunakan pendekatan multi-door, mengajukan tuntutan pidana kepada korporasi dan mengajukan gugatan perdata dalam penanganan dan penyelesaian perkara illegal fishing, serta memanfaatkan Pusat Pemulihan Aset pada Kejaksaan Repubik Indonesia dengan melakukan penguatan struktur pemulihan aset dan hukum substantif terkait penanganan dan penyelesaian tindak pidana dibidang perikanan.

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ABSTRACTFisheries crime (illegal fishing) is a serious problem for Indonesia. Indonesia?s losses due to illegal fishing reached IDR 300 trillion per year. Asset recovery is a tool that can be used to recover economical damages caused by illegal fishing. The research problem is: how does the law enforcement of illegal fishing cases link to government policies to optimize the compensation of fisheries crime and what efforts can the government do in conducting asset recovery due to illegal fishing together with law enforcement officers. By using the method of normative and prescriptive legal research, researcher analyzed law enforcement against illegal fishing (with a case study of MV. Hai Fa vessel) and then provides feedback (recommendation) on ways of asset recovery that can be done. The results of the study suggest the need to take necessary steps of asset recovery by using multi-door approach, file criminal charges against the corporation and file a lawsuit in the handling and settlement of illegal fishing cases, as well as utilize Asset Recovery Centre on the Attorney General Office of the Republic Indonesia by strengthening the structure of asset recovery and the substantive law related to the handling and settlement of fisheries crime"