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"ABSTRAKRetardasi mental merupakan salah satu gangguan mental di Indonesia, yang memunculkan stigma negatif di masyarakat sehingga orangtua menelantarkan atau menitipkan anaknya ke panti sosial. Pengasuh di panti sosial memerlukan pengetahuan mengenai retardasi mental, motivasi tinggi dalam bekerja, dan sikap positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan motivasi dengan sikap pengasuh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif-analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 28 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Fisher rsquo;s Exact dan memperlihatkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap pengasuh p=1,00 dan ?=0,05 . Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan ada hubungan antara motivasi dengan sikap pengasuh p=0,020 dan ?=0,05 . Dari hasil tersebut, maka diperlukan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, motivasi, dan sikap pengasuh yang positif terhadap pasien retardasi mental. Peran perawat diperlukan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan, sharing ilmu, dan memberikan pelatihan untuk pengasuh.

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ABSTRACTMental retardation is one of the most leading mental disorders in Indonesia that has increase many negative stigmas in the community so that parents tend to neglect or put his son to the workhoses. Caregivers in workhouses need knowledge about mental retardation, high motivation in working, and positive attitude. This research aims to know the relatonship between the level of knowledge and motivation with caregivers attitude. This study use descriptive analytic method with cross sectional approach. These samples included 28 individuals who have been selected with a total sampling technique. The result are analyzed using Fisher rsquo s Exact Test and showed no relationship between the level of knowledge with caregiver attitude p 1,00 dan 0,05 . The other result showed there is a relationship between motivation with caregivers attitude p 0,020 dan 0,05 . From the result, then the necessary training to increase knowledge, motivation, and attitude possitive towards caregivers of patient with mental retardation. The role of nurse are providing the required nursing care, sharing knowledge, and provide training for caregivers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen (TPK) Terhadap Penerimaan Keluarga dengan Anak Tunagrahita. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel 56 diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental yang mengalami masalah psikososial dalam merawat anaknya. Analisis data dengan Independent t-test dan Paired ttest. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita meningkat secara bermakna setelah mendapat TPK. TPK direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan utama dalam meningkatkan penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita.

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACT on family?s acceptance to the mental retardation child. This was a quasi-experimental research, using pre-post test with control group. A number of 56 samples were recruited using purposive sampling technique in family having mental retardation child that experiences psychosocial problem in caring the child. Samples are divided into 2 groups of control and intervention group. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and Paired t-test.

The results showed that the acceptance in family with mental retardation child who get ACT was significantly increased. ACT is recommended as primary therapy in nursing care to increase level of acceptance in family with mental retardation child."

"Anak penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedang dapat dilatih membaca kata-kata yang merupakan petunjuk atau tanda-tanda di lingkungan kehidupannya. Membaca mempakan kegiatan menginterpretasikan huruf-huru£ Membaca diawali dengan penguasaan keterampilan pra-membaca dan pengenalan hmuil Untuk melatih meningkatkan kemampuan xnembaca pada anak penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedaug digunakan program pengajaran individual (PPI) dengan teknik Applied Behavior Anabfsls (ABA). PPI ini diberikan secara bertahap kepada A, seorang penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedang berusia 10 tahun 6 bulan yang belum bisa membaca. Tahapan intervensi yang terdapat dalam program adalah pertemuan pertama hingga ketiga: pengenalan ukuran, berat, letak, arab, bentuk, wama dan pemasangau obyek-obyek yang sama, pertemuan keempat hingga keenam: pengenalan humf vokal. Program ini akan dilanjutkan oleh orang tua subyek. Evaluasi program dilakukan setiap akhir tahap. Kesimpulan program intervensi ini adalah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan keterampilan pra-membaca pengenalan huruf vokal untuk anak yang mengalami keterbelakaoan mental sedang melalui teknik ABA.

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Children withmoderate mental remrdation cotddbenainedtoreadwordsand signs in their environment. Reading is a meaningful interpretation printed dan written verbal symbols. Early reading started with mastering of pre-reading skills and an introduction to identiiication of alphabets. The intervention program was based on Individualized Education Program (IEP) which would be used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). This program is given to A, an ID years old boy with moderate mental retardation, who is not capable of reading, The aim of the intervention program was to help A improve his pre-reading skills. These programmes consisted of two sessions with two stages. One of early sessions were baseline sessions and the rest were interventions sessions. Interventions were given through stages. The intervention stages in this programme were stage one: the introduction of concepts pre-reading included size, weight, position, direction, shape, colour and matching the same objects. Stage two introduced identification of vowels. Additional intervention was given to a parent. Evaluations were given at the end of every stage. Overall, the conclusion showed improvement in pre-reading skills, in the recognition of vowels with ABA method."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen (TPK) Terhadap Penerimaan Keluarga dengan Anak Tunagrahita. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel  56 diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental yang mengalami masalah psikososial dalam merawat anaknya. Analisis data dengan Independent t-test dan Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita meningkat secara bermakna setelah mendapat TPK. TPK direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan utama dalam meningkatkan penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita.

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACT on family’s acceptance to the mental retardation child. This was a quasi-experimental research, using pre-post test with control group. A number of 56 samples were recruited using purposive sampling technique in family having mental retardation child that experiences psychosocial problem in caring the child. Samples are divided into 2 groups of control and intervention group. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and Paired t-test. The results showed that the acceptance in family with mental retardation child  who get ACT was significantly increased. ACT is recommended as primary therapy in nursing care to increase level of acceptance in family with mental retardation child."

"Tugas akhir ini membahas mengenaj penerapan modiiikasi perilaku dengan metode positive reinforcement dalam melatih ketrampilan minum menggunakan sedotan pada anak dengan gangguan keterbelakangan mental berat. Tujuan dari intcrvcnsi ini adalah rneningkatkan iickuensi minum mcnggunakan sedotan. Penerapan modifikasi perilaku yang bcrhasil diiakukan sebanyak delapan sesi dalam waktu delapan had. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode positive reinfzrcement cukup efektif dalam melatih perilaku minum menggunakan sedotan pada anak dengan gangguan keterbelakaugan mental berat.

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This final exam discusses the implementation of behavior moditication, especially positive reinforcement method in training straw-drinking skill for children with severe mental retardation. The objective of this intervention was to increase the frequency of sucking in straw-drinking. The intervention of behavior modification was implemented in eight sessions during eight days. This research showed that the positive reinforcement method was effective in training straw-drinking skill for children with severe mental retardation."

"ABSTRAKKeluarga dengan anak retardasi mental di Kabupaten Sumedang sekitar 10.898 orangdari 1.089.889 penduduk di Kabupaten Sumedang, dan yang tercatat di SLB-Csekabupaten sumedang hanya 218 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Memperolehgambaran tentang pengaruh pelaksanaan terapi Self-Help Groups terhadap kopingkeluarga dengan anak Retardasi mental di SLB-C Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2009sehingga dapat mengurangi faktor resiko terjadinya gangguan. Metode penelitianadalah adalah ”Quasi experimental pre-post test with control group” denganintervensi self help group. Cara pengambilan sampel adalah purposive samplingdengan sampel sebanyak 22 keluarga . Alat pengumpulan data menggunakankuesioner karakteristik keluarga dan kuesioner koping keluarga. Self help groupdilakukan pada dua kelompok; kelompok I diberikan self help group dengan enamkali pertemuan (empat kali bimbingan dan dua kali mandiri), kelompok IItidak diberikan self help group. Analisa data menggunakan univariat denganmenganalisa secara deskriptif dengan menghitung distribusi frekuensi dan sentraltendensi. Analisa Bivariat menggunakan Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square danDependent sample t-test. Multivariat menggunakan pearson product moment danRank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan kopingsetelah self-help group pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental secara bermaknadan terjadi perubahan dari koping maladaptif menjadi adaptif (p value = 0,000). Padakelompok yang hanya diberikan terapi generalis terjadi juga peningkatan kemampuankoping keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental tetapi peningkatan tersebut masihberada di koping maladaptif. Direkomendasikan untuk membentuk kelompok selfhelpgroup lainnya di lingkungan SLB-C.

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ABSTRACTFamily and children with mental retardation at Sumedang district are almost 10.898people of 1.089.889 population at Sumedang district, and they are only 218 peoplewhich recorded at SLB-C of Sumedang district. This study purpose to find describingthe effect of implementing Self Help Groups therapy toward coping family andchildren with mental retardation at SLB-C of Sumedang District in 2009 so it candecrease risk factors of disturbance occur. This study used design of quasiexperimental pre-post test with control group by self help group intervention. Thisstudy used a purposive sampling on getting samples by 22 families as samples. Theequipment on collecting data using questionares of family characteristic and familycoping. Self help group has been done for two groups where the first group was givenself help group for six times of meeting (four times for guiding and two times forstanding alone), while the second group was given self help group. Analized dataused univariate by analizing as descriptive by calculating frequency distribution andcentral tendency. Bivariate analysis used Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square andDependent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis used pearson product moment andrank spearman. Study result indicated improvement the abilities of coping family andchildren with mental retardation as means (p value = 0,000). It was recommended tobuild and implementing self help group for family who had children with mentalretardation.Family and children with mental retardation at Sumedang district are almost 10.898 people of 1.089.889 population at Sumedang district, and they are only 218 people which recorded at SLB-C of Sumedang district. This study purpose to find describing the effect of implementing Self Help Groups therapy toward coping family and children with mental retardation at SLB-C of Sumedang District in 2009 so it can decrease risk factors of disturbance occur. This study used design of quasi experimental pre-post test with control group by self help group intervention. This study used a purposive sampling on getting samples by 22 families as samples. The equipment on collecting data using questionares of family characteristic and family coping. Self help group has been done for two groups where the first group was given self help group for six times of meeting (four times for guiding and two times for standing alone), while the second group was given self help group. Analized data used univariate by analizing as descriptive by calculating frequency distribution and central tendency. Bivariate analysis used Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square and Dependent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis used pearson product moment and rank spearman. Study result indicated improvement the abilities of coping family and children with mental retardation as means (p value = 0,000). It was recommended to build and implementing self help group for family who had children with mental retardation."