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"Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers: an introduction / Fred R. Volkmar, Katarzyna Chawarska, and Ami Klin -- Diagnostic assessment / Somer L. Bishop ... [et al.] -- Assessment of cognitive and adaptive skills / Katarzyna Chawarska and Karen Bearss -- Communication development and assessment / Rhea Paul -- Understanding, assessing, and treating sensory-motor issues / Grace T. Baranek, Linn Wakeford, and Fabian J. David -- Case studies of infants first evaluated in the second year of life / Ami Klin ... [et al.] -- Developmental approaches to treatment / Amy M. Wetherby and Juliann Woods -- Naturalistic behavioral approaches to treatment / Lynn Kern Koegel ... [et al.] -- Controversial treatments / Tristram Smith and Jennifer Wick -- Medical issues / Fred R. Volkmar ... [et al.] -- Supporting families / Karyn Bailey -- Opportunities for research: concepts and future directions / Ami Klin, Katarzyna Chawarska, and Fred R.Volkmar."

"Autisme merupakan gangguan perkembangan pervasif dalam bidang interaksi sosial, komunikasi dan perilaku. Keberadaan anak autisme akan menjadi stressor bagi keluarga sebagai suatu sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pengalaman keluarga selama merawat anak autisme di Sekolah Kebutuhan Khusus Bangun Bangsa Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain fenomenologi deskriptif dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Partisipan adalah anggota keluarga yang berperan sebagai caregiver utama anak autisme yang diperoleh melalui purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil rekaman wawancara dan catatan lapangan yang dianalisis dengan menerapkan tehnik Collaizi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan 17 tema. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan perasaan berduka yang dirasakan keluarga terjadi melalui tahapan menyangkal, marah, tawar-menawar, depresi dan menerima. Berbagai penyebab berduka membuat keluarga berduka sepanjang masa dan menimbulkan berbagai beban dalam keluarga. Perawatan yang dilakukan keluarga memperhatikan tujuan dan jenis kebutuhan dengan menggunakan berbagai metode tertentu. Keluarga membutuhkan dukungan sosial dan finansial dan telah menggunakan beberapa sumber dan bentuk dukungan selama merawat anak autisme. Tuntutan perawatan dan respon lingkungan mengharuskan keluarga melakukan modifikasi cara merawat, mekanisme koping dan pemberdayaan keluarga. Keluarga mengharapkan adanya perhatian khusus dan peningkatan kemampuan perkembangan anak autisme. Keluarga merasakan makna positif dan negatif selama merawat anak autisme. Temuan penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga kesehatan profesional, khususnya perawat spesialis jiwa untuk mengembangkan desain asuhan keperawatan jiwa anak dalam konteks keluarga, penelitian tentang pemberdayaan keluarga dalam pengelolaan beban selama merawat anak dengan autisme serta penyempurnaan modul terapi psikoedukasi keluarga dan terapi kelompok suportif yang spesifik untuk keluarga dengan anak autisme.

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Autism is a pervasive development disorder in social interaction, communication and behavior. Children with autism will be a stressor to their family. This research aims to describe about family experience in taking care of their children with autism at Special Needs School Bangun Bangsa, Surabaya. This research used descriptive phenomenology design with indepth interview method. The participant of this research was a member of a family who plays role as the main caregiver for autism child. This study employs the purposive sampling method. The data is gathered through interviews and field notes that is then analyzed with the Collaizi technique. This research generated 17 themes.The results illustrate families display the grieving process which they pass through in to five stages of grief: denial, anger, depression, bargaining and acceptance. Large amounts of grief cause families in grief for a long period and this causes family burden . Family care is focused on completing its objectives and covering particular needs by using specific methods. The families need both social and financial support by using several kinds of sources and supports. The demands and environmental responses cause families to do modifications in taking care of the child, coping mechanisms and family empowerment. The families wish to get special attentions and improvement in autism children developments. The families find positives and negative meaning in their experiences in taking care of the children to their families? system. Finding of the research would hopefully be beneficial to professional health staff, especially psychiatric nurses to complete their ability in minimizing various negative impacts that the family may suffer from while taking care their autism children with autism through nursing care plans designs development, researches about family empowerment in burden managements and also a research to improve the Family psychoeducation Therapy and a specific Supportive Group Therapy modules for family with autism children."

"Pola asuh merupakan rangkaian interaksi intensif yang melibatkan orang tua dan anak. Sibling relationship adalah interaksi antar dua individu maupun lebih yang memiliki hubungan secara biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua terhadap sibling relationship dengan anak penyandang Autisme Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan potong silang pada 107 responden dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Peneliti melihat pola asuh orang tua menggunakan kuesioner Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) dan sibling relationship menggunakan kuesioner Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 77,78% ibu yang menerapkan pola asuh demokratis memfasilitasi sibling relationship bersifat positif dan 74,28% ayah yang menerapkan pola asuh demokratis memfasilitasi sibling relationship bersifat negatif. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pola asuh responden dengan sibling relationship (p>0,05; α=0,05). Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan observasi dan wawancara langsung kepada sibling serta memperluas lokasi penelitian untuk lebih menggambarkan populasi penelitian.

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Parenting is an intensive interaction involving parents and children. Sibling relationship is the interaction between two or more individuals who have a biological relationship. The aim of this research was to identify the relation between parenting style of sibling relationship with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

This research used cross-sectional on 107 respondents was involved with purposive sampling technique. Researcher used Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to study parenting style and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure sibling relationship.

The result showed that 77,78% mother applying authoritative facilitate sibling relationship is positive and 74,28% applying authoritative facilitate sibling relationship is negative. Bivariate analysis result showed that there was no relation between parenting style of sibling relationship with Autism Spectrum Disorder (p>0,05; α=0,05). It is recommended that research should conduct observation and interview are more appropriate toward sibling. Beside, the future research can increasing the number of respondents will benefit the future research."

"Perilaku agresif pada anak dengan autisme dengan disabilitas intelektual merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh guru-guru di sekolah. Penanganan yang tepat perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah perilaku agresif agar perilaku tersebut tidak menetap dan tidak menghalangi proses pengembangan kemampuan pada anak. Penelitian dengan desain single subject experimental design, menggunakan teknik differential reinforcement dengan positive reinforcement dan extinction bertujuan untuk mengurangi frekuensi perilaku agresif pada satu orang anak laki-laki berusia 11 tahun dengan autisme dengan disabilitasintelektual. Keberhasilan dari program intervensi dilihat dengan membandingkan frekuensi sebelum intervensi dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan frekuensi kemunculan perilaku agresif

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Aggressive behavior in children with autism with intellectual disability is an ongoing issue often faced many teachers in educational settings. A comprehensive intervention is needed to reduce or eliminate the aggressive behavior due to its negative affect on the child social and academic development. This current study, applied differential reinforcement with positive reinforcement and extinction techniques to reduce the frequency of aggressive behavior on a 11 year old boy with autism with intellectual disability. The effectivity of the intervention was measured by comparing the data taken before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in the frequency of the aggressive behavior."

"ABSTRAKKemampuan perawatan diri adalah keterampilan mengurus atau menolong dirisendiri dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga tidak tergantung pada orang lain.Anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus salah satunya anak penyandang autisme,umumnya kurang mampu dalam melakukan perawatan dirinya karena adanyaketidakmampuan dalam berinteraksi, komunikasi, dan perilaku. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan perawatan diri anak usiasekolah dan remaja penyandang autisme. Desain penelitian deskriptif denganmenggunakan metode cross sectional dan responden diambil menggunakan teknikConsecutive sampling berjumlah 48 responden pada anak penyandang autisme diSLB Kyriakon Jakarta Selatan. Analisis data menggunakan uji distribusifrekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden berada padakategori kadang dibantu pada semua komponen perawatan diri. Penelitimerekomendasikan setiap sekolah berkebutuhan khusus untuk menetapkankurikulum pembelajaran tentang keterampilan perawatan diri agar anak dapatmelakukan perawatan dirinya secara mandiri.

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ABSTRACTSelf-care is the ability to take care of self or self-help in daily life activities so wedo not rely on others. One of special necessity children is the autism usually doesnot quite able to do self-care because of disability in interaction, communicationand action. This research purposed to determine description of self-care ability ofschool children and sufferer of autism teenager. This research is descriptiveresearch by using Cross sectional method and respondents were taken by usingConsecutive sampling technique with 48 respondents of sufferer of autismechildren at SLB Kyriakon, South Jakarta. Data analysis used frequencydistribution test. The result showed that self-care ability of sufferes of autismchildren sometimes helped. Researcher recommends every school that has otherspecial necessity children to establish curriculum of learning about self-care skillin order the disability children, in this case the autism can do self-care indepently."