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I Made Putra Swi Antara
"Latar Belakang. Hipertensi merupakan faktor utama penyebab gagal jantung yang saat ini sudah menjadi pandemi dunia, terutama dalam bentuk gagal jantung dengan preservasi fraksi ejeksi ventrikel. Kontrol terhadap hipertensi secara tradisional dilakukan berdasarkan pemeriksaan rutin ke fasilitas kesehatan yang diikuti dengan pengaturan terapi yang diberikan. Saat ini pengukuran tekanan darah rumah ditempatkan sebagai pemeriksaan tambahan yang dapat memberikan informasi tambahan mengenai kontrol tekanan darah sehingga mencegah terjadinya kerusakan target organ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara nilai pengukuran tekanan darah rumah dengan derajat disfungsi diastolik sebagai indikator kerusakan target organ.
Metode. Studi potong lintang yang dilakukan di Departemen Kardiologi dan Kedokteran Vaskular FK UI / RS Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita, Jakarta pada kelompok pasien hipertensi dari poliklinik rawat jalan yang telah mendapatkan terapi rutin. Pengukuran tekanan darah rumah dilakukan dengan alat yang terstandarisasi. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi lengkap terhadap parameter diastolik dilakukan dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan derajat disfungsi diastoliknya.
Hasil. Sebanyak 56 pasien ikut dianalisa dalam penelitian ini, dengan rerata umur subyek adalah 51,2 + 7,2 thn dan sebagian besar wanita (58,9%). Didapatkan disfungsi diastolik derajat I pada 11 subyek (19,6%), derajat II pada 19 subyek (33,9%). Parameter fungsi diastolik E/A memiliki hubungan linear yang paling signifikan terhadap TD Rumah sistolik setelah dikontrol terhadap usia, jenis kelamin, IMT, dan DM (R2=0,27;p<0,01). Uji ANOVA menemukan perbedaan rerata TD Rumah Sistolik yang signifikan antara fungsi diastolik normal dan disfungsi diastolik derajat 2 (p=0,02). Uji regresi logistik menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara TD Rumah sistolik <127 mmHg dengan TD >135 dengan OR 12,68 (IK 2.03-79.08;p<0.01).
Kesimpulan. Pengukuran TD Rumah Sistolik memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap derajat disfungsi diastolik. Gangguan parameter fungsi diastolik dapat terjadi pada tekanan darah yang lebih rendah daripada target yang umum digunakan saat ini.

Background. Hypertension the main factor leading to heart failure which has become a world pandemic, especially in the form of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Traditional control for hypertension comprise of regular outpatient clinic visits followed by adjustment of the drug regimen. Recently, home blood pressure monitoring has been been accepted as an additional tool to provide more information on blood pressure control and prevent target organ damage. This study aim to evaluate the relationship between home blood pressure measurement with the degree of diastolic dysfunction as an indicator of target organ damage.
Methods. A cross-sectional study performed at Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department FK UI / National Cardiac Centre Harapan Kita, Jakarta, on a group of hypertensive patients in the outpatient clinic currently receiving active treatment. Home blood pressure measurement are performed with a standarized device. Full echocardiography study on diastolic function parameters are performed and grouped based on the diastolic dysfunction grade criteria.
Result. Fifty six patients are enrolled in this study with average age of 51,2 + 7,2 y.o. which are mostly women (58,9%). Grade I diastolic dysfunction was found in 11 subjects (19,6%), Grade II on 19 subjects (33,9%). One parameter of diastolic dysfunction, E/A ratio, have the strongest linear correlation with systolic HBP after adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and DM (R2=0,27;p<0.01). ANOVA test found a significant difference on mean of systolic HBPM between normal and grade II diastolic dysfunction (p=0.02). Logistic regression test showed significant difference between <127 and >135 mmHg of systolic HBPM with OR 12,68 (CI 2.03-79.08;p<0.01).
Conclusion. Systolic HBPM have a significant relationship to the degree of diastolic dysfunction. A worsening of diastolic function parameter can occur on a level of blood pressure lower then the target level commonly used today.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Edrian
"Latar belakang. Pengukuran tekanan darah di klinik (TDK) saat ini masih dianggap sebagai metoda referensi dalam mendiagnosis dan follow-up pasien hipertensi,tetapi disebabkan adanya fenomena white-coat hypertension dan masked hypertension terlihat semakin jelas informasi yang diberikan seringkali tidak adekuat tentang status tekanan darah pasien yang sebenarnya. Hipertensi sendiri dikaitkan dengan kerusakan target organ dan salah satu diantaranya ke organ ginjal. Pemeriksaan indeks resistensi renalis (RRI) dapat menjadi prediktor disfungsi ginjal dan dapat mencerminkan tingkat aterosklerosis sistemik. Khususnya pada kasus hipertensi, peningkatan RRI dihubungkan dengan berat dan lama nya durasi hipertensi esensial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat nilai pengukuran tekanan darah di rumah (TDR) dibandingkan TDK dalam memprediksi nilai RRI.
Metode. Tujuh puluh dua pasien hipertensi dalam terapi obat antihipertensi diambil secara konsekutif untuk studi potong lintang ini, mulai bulan Maret hingga Mei 2013 di poli rawat jalan Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita, Jakarta. Pasien menjalani pemeriksaan TDK saat kontrol dan TDR dilakukan selama 4 hari dimana keduanya memakai alat osilometri yang tervalidasi. Pemeriksaan Doppler renal dilakukan pada semua pasien untuk mendapatkan nilai RRI.
Hasil. Uji korelasi antara nilai TDR dan TDK mempunyai korelasi yang baik untuk sistolik maupun diastolik (r = 0,48/0,45 , p < 0,001). Pada uji korelasi regresi didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara nilai sistolik TDR dengan nilai RRI (r=0,118 dengan p=0,032), dan korelasi ini tidak signifikan baik untuk sistolik TDK, dan diastolik baik TDK dan TDR. Dari uji multipel regresi melihat prediktor independen terhadap nilai RRI didapatkan nilai sistolik TDR merupakan prediktor independen.
Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa TDR merupakan prediktor yang baik dari nilai RRI sebagai penilaian kerusakan target organ, dan metode ini lebih superior dibandingkan TDK.

Introduction. Office blood pressure monitoring still considered as method of reference for diagnosing an follow up hypertension patients, but due to white coat hypertension and masked hypertension it seems the information inadequate for the real blood pressure status. Hypertension itself was related to target organ damage and one of them is renal damage. Renal Resistive index (RRI) can be a predictor of renal dysfunction and it reflect sistemic atherosclerosis. Especially for hypertension, increase of RRI is related to severity and duration of essential hypertension. Our objective was to assess the value of home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring in comparison to office blood pressure in predicting renal resistive index value(RRI).
Methods. Seventy two hypertension patients on medication was consecutively included in our cross sectional study, starting from March to Mei 2013 at National Cardiac Centre Harapan Kita Hospital Outpatient clinic. Office Blood pressure was measured when patients controlled to the clinic and HBP was measured for 4 workdays with the same validated electronic device. Renal Doppler was performed to measured RRI value.
Results. Correlation test between HBP and OBP showed a good correlation for systolic and diastolic (r=0,48/0,45, p<0,001). The correlation regretion test showed a good correlation between systolic HBP with renal resistive index (r=0,118 with p=0,032), and this correlation was not significant for systolic OBP, and diastolic OBP and HBP. In multiple regression analysis assessing independent predictor for RRI, systolic HBP was seen as the only independent predictor.
Conclusions. This result suggest that home BP was a better predictor of RRI as assessment for target organ damage, and this method was superior compared to the blood pressure measurement at the clinic.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Oktorilla Fiskasianita
"Tidur yang cukup merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk pemeliharaan fungsi kardiovaskular. Penelitan ini merupakan penelitian descriptive correlative dengan desain studi cross sectional yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Beji-Depok terhadap 97 pasien hipertensi rawat jalan yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sedangkan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer digital.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden yaitu sebanyak 87 orang (89,7 %) memiliki kualitas tidur buruk (PSQI ≥ 5), sedangkan hanya 10 orang (10,3 %) memiliki kualitas tidur baik (PSQI ≤ 5). Rata-rata tekanan darah responden secara keseluruhan 145,19/86,15 mmHg. Hasil analisis uji T independent menunjukan secara statistik tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah. Namun, secara klinis hasil analisis data menunjukkan responden yang memiliki kualitas tidur buruk memiliki tekanan darah lebih tinggi daripada responden yang memiliki kualitas tidur baik dengan mean differece sistolik sebesar 6,228 mmHg dan mean difference diastolik 4,409 mmHg.

Adequate sleep is a basic need which is important to maintain cardiovascular system function. It is a descriptive correlative study using cross sectional approach which aims to identify the relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure on hypertensive patient. The research was conducted in Public Health Center of Beji-Depok towards 97 participants recruited using consecutive sample method. Sleep quality is measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and blood pressure is measured using digital sphygmomanometer.
The result shows that 83 participants (89.7 %) have poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) while only 10 partcipants (10.3 %) have good sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5). The average blood pressure of all participants is 145.19/86.15 mmHg. Statistical analysis using T independent test shows there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure. However, in clinical basis the result shows a significant difference. Clinically speaking, participants with poor sleep quality indicates higher blood pressure compare to those with better sleep quality with systolic mean difference of 6.228 mmHg and diastolic mean difference of 4.409 mmHg.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S47215
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jeane Andini
"Hipertensi merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Dari Riskesdas tahun 2007 dilaporkan prevalensi penduduk Indonesia usia di atas 18 tahun yang menderita hipertensi mencapai 31,7%. Hipertensi seringkali disertai perubahan-perubahan metabolik, salah satunya dislipidemia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari 117 rekam medis pasien hipertensi poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square.
Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali sebanyak 48 pasien (41%). Jumlah pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah sebanyak 11 pasien (61,1%), sedangkan jumlah pasien hipertensi terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah sebanyak 7 pasien (38,9%).
Dari penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah secara signifikan lebih besar dibandingkan pasien hipertensi terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah, namun nilai p=0,060 (p>0,05) yang didapatkan menyimpulkan bahwa secara statistik tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kadar HDL terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta.

Hypertension is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2007 reported the prevalence of Indonesia's population aged over 18 years who suffering hypertension achieve 31.7%. Hypertension is often accompanied by metabolic changes, one of them is dyslipidemia.
This study aims to prove the association of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level to blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Research is carried out by cross sectional method using secondary data from 117 medical records of hypertensive patients at internal medicine clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital. Hypothesis testing is done using the Chi-square test.
From the results, the number of uncontrolled hypertensive patients were 48 patients (41%). The number of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with low HDL level were 11 patients (61.1%), while the number of controlled hypertensive patients with low HDL level were 7 patients (38.9%).
From this study, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with low HDL level is significantly greater than controlled hypertensive patients with low HDL level, but the value of p = 0.060 (p> 0.05) were obtained concluded that no statistically significant relationship between the level of HDL to blood pressure control in hypertesive patients at internal medicine clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ario Soeryo Kuncoro
"Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang paling sering dijumpai dan merupakan penyebab utama penyakit kardiovaskular di dunia. Hipertensi sebagian besar tanpa gejala tetapi akan merusak organ tubuh diantaranya jantung yang akan mengalami perubahan struktural dan fungsional yaitu LVH (left ventrikel hypertrophy) dan disfungsi diastolik. Disfungsi diastolik saja akan meningkatkan risiko kardiovaskular tidak tergantung pada massa LV dan tekanan darah. Disfungsi diastolik pada hipertensi mungkin terjadi disertai LVH maupun tidak. Beberapa tahun terakhir studi mengenai brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) banyak dilakukan, demikian pula pada disfungsi diastolik sebagai penanda kelainan fungsi ventrikel. Kenaikan kadar BNP mungkin dapat digunakan untuk memperlihatkan proses perubahan fungsi ventrikel sebagai peijalanan penyakit hipertensi.
Tujuan penelitian
Mengetahui hubungan antara peningkatan kadar BNP dengan derajat disfungsi diastolik pada penderita hipertensi.
Hipotesis penelitian dan manfaat penelitian
Kenaikan kadar BNP berhubungan dengan derajat disfungsi diastolik pada pasien hipertensi. Pemeriksaan BNP diduga dapat digunakan sebagai alat deteksi dini efek hipertensi pada jantung.
Metodologi
Penelitian dilakukan pads penderita hipertensi di PINHK selama kurun waktu April std Oktober 2006 (40 pasien, 24 pria, dan 16 wanita). Pasien yang memenuhi }criteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dan diukur EDD, ESD, IVSD,IVSS,massa LV, fraksi ejeksi, rasio EIA, DT, IVRT, rasio e'la',rasioEle', dan doppler vena pulmonal menggunakan alat ekokardiografi dari Vivid -Philips. Pasien dibagi menjadi kelompok dengan fungsi diastolik normal (DDO), disfungsi diastolik tahap I (DDI), psedonormal (DD2) dan restriktif (DD3). Seluruh pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan BNP dengan menggunakan Abbott AxSYM BNP assay pada hari yang sarna dengan ekokardiografi. Uji korelasi dilakukan dengan Pearson test.
Hasil
Didapatkan kadar BNP masing-masing kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna (DD0=39,77+45,95 pg/ml;DD1=39,35±36,51 pglml;DD2=45,15+_3,65 pg/rnl;p=0,79). Tidak terdapat korelasi kadar BNP dengan rasio E/A (r=0,13;p=0,44) dan indeks massa LV (r=0,005;p=O,97). Terdapat korelasi positif BNP dengan nilai Ele' (r=0,524;p=O,O1).
Kesimpulan
Tidak terdapat korelasi BNP dengan disfungsi diastolik pada pasien hipertensi asimtomatik. Nilai BNP berkorelasi dengan nilai Ele' yang menunjukkan nilai tekanan pengisian ventrikel kin.

Background
Hypertension is the most common disease entity encountered in clinical practice. It is still the main cause of cardiovascular event in the world. Hypertension is mostly seen in the clinic as asympomatic. But during time it may impact heart, as one of target organ, which may shown left ventricle hypertrophy as well as diastolic dusf unction. Even diastolic dysfunction could impact in increasing cardiovascular event in the future. Diastolic dysfunction maybe associated with hypertrophy or it may be precedes hypertrophy. Recently studies regarding brain natriuretic peptide in diastolic dysfunction has been conducted as a marker for ventricle dysfunction. BNP may be use to express the process of ventricle dysfunction in hypertension.
Aim of the study
To see the correlation of increasing level of BNP with degree of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patient.
Hypotesis and benefit of the study
!increasing level of BNP correlate with degree of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patient. Thus BNP may be beneficial as tool for early detection of hypertension impact to heart.
Methodology
Study was conducted to outpatient with hypertension in PJNHK during April-October 2006 (40 pts, 24 male, 16 female). All patients was done echocardiography exam to see the diastolic dysfunction and ventricular dimension. All patients was classified as normal diastolic function (DDO), diastolic dysfunction grade I (DM), pseudonormal (DD2) and restrictive filling pattern (DD3) accordingly. BNP measurement was done at the same time echo was done using Abbot AxSYM assay.Pearson test was done for correlation test.
Result
There was no difference among the group for diastolic dysfunction (DDO= 39,77±45,95 pg/ml,DD1=39,35±36,51 pg/ml; DD2=45,15±3, 65 pg/ml;p0, 79). No correlation of BNP with E/A ratio ((r=0,13;p=0,44) and LV mass index (r=0,005;p=0,97). BNP value correlate well with E/e ' ratio representing LV filling pressure ((r=0, 524;p =0, 01).
Conclusion
BNP level not correlate well with diastolic dysfunction in this group of aymptornatic hypertensive patients. BNP value correlate with E/e' which shown a LV filling pressure.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2006
T18014
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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I Nyoman Wiryawan
"Latar Belakang. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia dan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang berhubungan dengan proses aterosklerosis dan aterotrombosis. Pengukuran tekanan darah di klinik atau rumah sakit saat ini masih dianggap sebagai metode referensi dalam mendiagnosis dan evaluasi pasien hipertensi, tetapi disebabkan adanya fenomena white-coat terlihat semakin jelas informasi yang diberikan seringkali tidak adekuat tentang status tekanan darah pasien yang sebenarnya. Hipertensi sendiri dikaitkan dengan kerusakan target organ dan salah satu diantaranya ke organ pembuluh darah. Pemeriksaan ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis dimaksudkan untuk melihat kerusakan yang terjadi akibat efek fenomena white-coat pada pembuluh darah yang mencerminkan terjadinya proses aterosklerosis dini.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menilai hubungan antara kejadian fenomena white-coat pada pasien hipertensi dalam pengobatan dengan ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis.
Metode. Studi potong lintang dengan pengambilan pasien hipertensi dalam pengobatan secara konsekutif, mulai bulan Januari - Mei 2014 di poli rawat jalan RS Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, Jakarta. Pasien menjalani pemeriksaan OBP saat kontrol dan HBP dilakukan selama 4 hari berturut-turut dengan memakai alat tensimeter osilometri yang tervalidasi. Pemeriksaan ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis dilakukan pada semua pasien yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi untuk mendapatkan nilai rerata ketebalan kompleks tunika intima.
Hasil. Didapatkan 219 subyek penelitian yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Uji statistik Mann Whitney digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan pasien hipertensi yang mengalami fenomena white-coat dengan ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis. Hasil yang didapat, tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna secara statistik ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis antara pasien hipertensi yang mengalami fenomena white-coat dan yang tidak (A. Karotis kanan 0,7 ± 0,5 vs 0,8 ± 0,4 mm, nilai p = 0,153 ; A. Karotis kiri 0,8 ± 0,4 vs 0,7 ± 0,4 mm, nilai p = 0,900 ; A. Karotis kanan dan kiri 0,7 ± 0,4 vs 0,8 ± 0,3 mm, nilai p = 0,260). Dari hasil uji bivariat terhadap seluruh faktor perancu didapatkan variabel obat antihipertensi golongan enzym penyekat angiotensin dan usia terbukti sebagai perancu dalam penilaian hubungan antara fenomena white-coat dengan rerata ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis.
Kesimpulan. Penelian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna secara statistik ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis antara pasien hipertensi yang mengalami fenomena white-coat dan yang tidak.

Background. Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems worldwide and a major risk factor for all forms of atherosclerotic and atherothrombotic CVD. Office blood pressure monitoring nowadays still considered as a method of reference for diagnosing an evaluating hypertensive patients, but due to white coat phenomenon, the information for the real blood pressure status is unclear. Hypertension itself was related to target organ damage and one of them is vascular damage related to atherosclerosis. Evaluation of carotid intima media thickness can represent early atherosclerotic process that happened in organ vascular caused by white-coat phenomenon.
Our objective was to analyze the relationship between white-coat phenomenon in hypertensive patients with carotid intima media thickness.
Method. This is a cross sectional, consecutive study. Data was collected from January ? May 2014 in National Cardiac Centre Harapan Kita Hospital Outpatient clinic. Office Blood pressure was measured when patients controlled to the clinic and HBP was measured for 4 consecutive days with the same validated electronic device. B-mode ultrasound of carotid arteries was performed to measured mean of carotid intima media thickness.
Results. Two hundred and nineteen hypertensive patients on therapy were enrolled in this study. Mann Whitney statistic test was used to determine the relationship of independent variables in hypertensive patients with white-coat phenomenon with carotid intima media thickness and found that there is no significant difference between hypertensive patients with white-coat phenomenon and no white-coat phenomenon with mean carotid intima media thickness (Right Carotid artery 0.7 ± 0.5 vs 0.8 ± 0.4 mm, p value = 0.153 ; Left Carotid Artery 0.8 ± 0.4 vs 0.7 ± 0.4 mm, p value 0.900 ; Right and left Carotid Artery 0.7 ± 0.4 vs 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, p value 0.260). From bivariate analysis results, obtained on all confounding variables, ACE-inhibitor and age proved as confounding in the assessment of the relationship between hypertensive patients with white-coat phenomenon and mean carotid intima media thickness.
Conclusions. This study showed that there is no significant difference of mean carotid intima media thickness in hypertensive patients with white-coat and no white-coat phenomenon.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mellisya Ramadhany
"Hipertensi menduduki tempat kedua sebagai penyakit tidak menular terbanyak di Indonesia. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerusakan multi organ hingga kematian. Hipertensi yang terkendali diharapkan dapat menunda komplikasi. Saat ini, hampir seperlima penduduk Indonesia obes. Obesitas berkaitan dengan kemunculan hipertensi namun belum diketahui hubungannya terhadap pengendalian hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan obesitas terhadap kendali tekanan darah pasien hipertensi agar dapat membantu dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi.
Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional mempergunakan data rekam medik pasien hipertensi poliklinik IPD RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Sejumlah 117 data terkumpul. Didapatkan prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkendali sebanyak 41%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek laki-laki. Prevalensi obesitas sebesar 50,4%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek perempuan. Pada kelompok obesitas didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 64,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 35,6%. Sedangkan pada kelompok tidak obes didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 53,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 46,6 % dengan nilai p = 0,228 (p>0,05), RP 0,765 dengan IK 95% 0,492 ? 1,188. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara obesitas dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali.

Hypertension is the second most prevalent non-communicable disease in Indonesia capable of causing multi organ damages even death. The essential target in hypertension management is to achieve controlled blood pressure in order to delay its complications. Nowadays, approximately one in five Indonesian has become obese. Obesity itself is highly associated with hypertension occurrence. Yet, there is no distinct evidence that show its association to hypertension control. Thus, this research is aimed to find the association between obesity in hypertensive patients to the blood pressure control.
Method used in this study is cross-sectional. As much as 117 secondary datas were collected from patients? medical records in Internal Medicine clinic diagnosed with hypertension. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension is 41% , dominated by male subjects. The prevalence of obesity among subjects is 50.4%, with higher proportion in females. Within the obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension reaches 64.4%, while proportion for uncontrolled is 35.6%. Meanwhile, in the non-obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension is 53.4%, whereas uncontrolled is 46,6%. The p-value result is 0.228 (p >0.05) with PR 0.765 with 95% CI 0.492 ? 1.188. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between obesity with uncontrolled hypertension.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nadya Vanissa
"Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO) hipertensi merupakan penyebab dari 75 juta kematian yang merupakan 12,8% dari seluruh kematian di dunia. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang multifaktorial, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang salah satunya adalah kadar kolesterol atau lebih spesifiknya kadar low density lipid (LDL). Penurunan dari kadar LDL telah menjadi salah satu tatalaksana yang penting pada hipertensi. Maka dari itu peneliti melakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui signifikansi dari kadar LDL terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis poliklinik Ginjal dan Hipertensi IPD RSCM. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji hipotesis chi square.
Pada penelitian ini sampel penelitian sebanyak 117 orang, 55 orang laki-laki dan 53 orang perempuan. Kelompok usia dengan prevalensi hipertensi terbanyak adalah usia 60-79 tahun. Pada penelitian ditemukan perbedaan proporsi antara pasien dengan kadar LDL yang tinggi pada hipertensi tidak terkendali sebesar 43,8% dan hipertensi terkendali sebesar 20,3%.
Berdasarkan uji hipotesis didapatkan hasil variabel kadar LDL dengan nilai p=0,006, rasio prevalensi 2,156 dan interval kepercayaan (CI) 95% 1,223-3,802. Dari hasil ini disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kadar LDL yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kendali tekanan darah dan kadar LDL merupakan faktor risiko dari kendali tekanan darah.

Based on the data from World Health Organization (WHO) hypertension is the cause of more than 75 million deaths or 12,8% of overall death in the world. Hypertension is a multifactorial disease causes by many risk factors, and one of them is low-density lipid (LDL) level. One of the focuses of hypertension management nowadays is to reduce the lowdensity lipid (LDL) level. This what makes researcher to do this research, to know the significance of low-density level to hypertension. This research was done with cross sectional method using secondary data from medical record in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. After the researchers collected all the data, we analyze the hypothesis using chi square test.
In this research, there were 117 samples, which 55 of them are male and 53 of them are female. The highest prevalence of hypertension was found in patients aged 60-79 years old. We also found proportion differences in patients with high low-density lipid level, in uncontrolled hypertension the percentage is 43,8% and in controlled hypertension the percentage is 20,3%.
The result of this test is that the low-density level is statistically connected with blood pressure control, since the p is 0,593, and is a risk factor of hypertension since the prevalence ratio is 2,156 and the confidence interval is 1,223-3,802.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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Aravinda Pravita Ichsantiarini
"Hipertensi sebagai penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia seringkali disertai beberapa penyakit lain, di antaranya ialah diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Beberapa studi sebelumnya menunjukkan DM tipe 2 berpengaruh terhadap ketidakterkendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi, meningkatkan komplikasi kardiovaskular dan serebrovaskular. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara keduanyasehingga membantu dalam pencegahan, penatalaksanaan, serta deteksi dini komplikasi hipertensi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik Poliklinik Ginjal Hipertensi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo pada tahun 2013 dengan metode cross sectional. Melalui consecutive sampling didapatkan 117 jumlah sampel, diperoleh karakteristik berupa usia, jenis kelamin, kendali hipertensi, dan keberadaan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Didapatkan proporsi penderita DM tipe 2 pada pasien hipertensi ialah 30,8% dengan proporsi hipertensi tidak terkendali lebih tinggi (58,3%) dibandingkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali (41,7%). Sementara itu, pada pasien tanpa DM tipe 2, proporsi hipertensi tak terkendali (33,3%) lebih rendah dibandingkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali (66,7%) (p= 0,011; RP= 1,750; dan 95% CI= 1,157 ? 2,646). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa DM tipe 2 merupakan faktor risiko tekanan darah yang tidak terkendali pada pasien hipertensi.

Hypertension as a major health problem causing death in the world is often accompanied by several other diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Several previous studies indicated that type 2 DM strongly correlated with uncontrolled hypertension, increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relation between them, so that help in the prevention, management, and early detection of complications of hypertension. Research conducted using secondary data from medical records of Kidney Hypertension Polyclinic, Internal Medicine Department of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in 2013 with a cross sectional method. Through consecutive sampling 117 the number of samples obtained, acquired the characteristics of age, gender, blood pressure control, and the presence of type 2 DM. Analyzed using SPSS 20.0 obtained the proportion of patients with type 2 DM in hypertensive patients was 30.8% with the proportion of higher uncontrolled hypertension (58.3%) compared to the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (41.7%). Meanwhile, in patients without type 2 DM, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (33.3%) was lower than the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (66.7%) (p = 0.011; RP = 1.750, and 95% CI = 1.157 to 2.646). It can be concluded that type 2 DM is a risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive patients."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
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Yusak Alfrets Porotuo
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu kondisi yang paling banyak
ditemukan pada pelayanan kesehatan primer yang dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan
morbidita apabila tidak mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat. Beberapa penelitian
menunjukkan respon penurunan tekanandarah pada ras kulit hitam berbeda dibanding
ras kulit putih dengan antihipertensi golongan penyekat EKA, hal ini ditunjang
dengan perbedaan PRA pada kedua kelompok ras ini. Belum terdapat data tentang
respon tekanan darah pasien hipertensi ras melanesiadengan pemberian penyekat
EKA yang ditunjang dengan pemeriksaan kadar PRA pada kelompok ras ini.
Objektif. Menilai apakah terdapat perbedaan respon terapi terhadap penyekat enzim
konversi angiotensin (EKA) pada pasien hipertensi ras melanesia dan ras non
melanesia.
Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kohort prospektif yangdilakukan di kota
Jayapura bulan September-November 2015terhadap 85 subyek usia 30 sampai 55
tahun dengan hipertensi yang belum pernah diobati sebelumnya. Subyek terbagi atas
2 grup yaitu ras Melanesia (n=34) dan ras Non Melanesia(n=51). Kedua grup tersebut
diberikan lisinopril dosis awal 5 mg. Pemeriksaan tekanan darah dilakukan pada awal
dan diulangi setiap 7 hari selama 4 minggu berturut-turut.
Hasil. Terdapat perbedaan respon tekanan darah pasien hipertensi ras Melanesia dan
ras Non Melanesia. Perbedaan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 24,5 ± 9,4 mmHg pada
subyek ras Melanesia dan pada subyek Non Melanesia sebesar 34,5 ± 13,5 mmHg
(p<0,001). Perbedaan tekanan darah diastolik subyek ras Melanesia sebesar 13,3±5,5
mmHg dan pada subyek Non Melanesia sebesar 22,6±9,3 mmHg (p<0,001).
Perbedaan tekanan rerata arteri pada subyek ras Melanesia sebesar 17,1±5,6 mmHg
dan pada subek ras Non Melanesia sebesar 26,21±8,8 mmHg (p<0,001). Reratakadar
Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) pada subyek ras Melanesia sebesar 1,48[1,86]
ng/ml/jam dan pada subyek ras Non Melanesia rerata kadar PRA sebesar 1,1[1,47]
ng/ml/jam. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna rerata kadar PRA pada kedua
kelompok ras ini (p=0,564).
Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah (sistolik, diastolik dan
tekanan rerata arteri) dengan pemberian penyekat EKA pada kelompok ras Melanesia
dan kelompok ras Non Melanesia dan hal ini tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan
rerata kadar PRA pada kedua kelompok ini sehingga kemungkinan terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi respon penurunan tekanan darah dengan penyekat EKA.ABSTRACT
Hypertension is one of the most commonconditionsin primary health
care that increase mortality and morbidity if it does not receive appropriate therapy.
Several studies show that blacks response differently compared with white in
conjunction with a decrease of blood pressure in response to administer ACE
inhibitor. The studies supported by PRA differences in both group of race. There are
no data ofblood pressure response in hypertensive patientsinMelanesian race by
administeringACE inhibitor supported withPRA levels examination in thisgroup of
race.
Objective. To compare therapeutic response ofangiotensin converting enzyme
blockers (ACE)inhibitorinreducing blood pressure between MelanesianandNon
Melanesian hipertensive patients.
Method. This study is a prospective cohort study conducted in the city of
Jayapura September to November 2015. We found85 subjects aged 30 to 55 years
oldwith hypertensionnever be treated before. Subjects are divided into two
groups, namely the Melanesian race (n = 34) and non Melanesian race (n = 51).
Both groups were given an initial dose of 5 mg of lisinopril. Blood pressure
checks performed at baseline and repeated every 7 days for 4 weeks in a row.
Results. There are differences in the response of blood pressure in hypertensive
patientofMelanesian race and Non Melanesiarace. Reduction ofsystolic blood
pressure of 24.5 ± 9.4 mmHg in subject Melanesian race and on the subject of
Non Melanesian 34.5 ± 13.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). Reduction ofdiastolic blood
pressure of subjectsMelanesians of 13.3 ± 5.5 mmHg, and on the subject of Non
Melanesia 22.6 ± 9.3 mmHg (p<0.001). Reduction ofmean arterial pressure in
subjectMelanesian race at 17.1 ± 5.6 mmHg andNon Melanesian race at 26.21 ±
8.8 mmHg (p < 0.001). Mean Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) on the subject of the
Melanesian race at 1.48 [1.86] ng/ml/h and on the subject of nonMelanesian race
PRA average level of 1.1 [1.47] ng/ml/hr. There was no significant relationship
mean PRA levels in both these racial groups (p = 0.564).
Conclusion. There aredifferences in blood pressure reduction (systolic, diastolic
pressure and mean arterial pressure) with administer of ACE inhibitor in
Melanesianand Non Melanesiagroup of race. There is no significant relation with
averagePRAlevels in both group of race. Another factors affectsresponses of reduction blood pressure with administer ofACEinhibitor may be considered.;Background. Hypertension is one of the most commonconditionsin primary health
care that increase mortality and morbidity if it does not receive appropriate therapy.
Several studies show that blacks response differently compared with white in
conjunction with a decrease of blood pressure in response to administer ACE
inhibitor. The studies supported by PRA differences in both group of race. There are
no data ofblood pressure response in hypertensive patientsinMelanesian race by
administeringACE inhibitor supported withPRA levels examination in thisgroup of
race.
Objective. To compare therapeutic response ofangiotensin converting enzyme
blockers (ACE)inhibitorinreducing blood pressure between MelanesianandNon
Melanesian hipertensive patients.
Method. This study is a prospective cohort study conducted in the city of
Jayapura September to November 2015. We found85 subjects aged 30 to 55 years
oldwith hypertensionnever be treated before. Subjects are divided into two
groups, namely the Melanesian race (n = 34) and non Melanesian race (n = 51).
Both groups were given an initial dose of 5 mg of lisinopril. Blood pressure
checks performed at baseline and repeated every 7 days for 4 weeks in a row.
Results. There are differences in the response of blood pressure in hypertensive
patientofMelanesian race and Non Melanesiarace. Reduction ofsystolic blood
pressure of 24.5 ± 9.4 mmHg in subject Melanesian race and on the subject of
Non Melanesian 34.5 ± 13.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). Reduction ofdiastolic blood
pressure of subjectsMelanesians of 13.3 ± 5.5 mmHg, and on the subject of Non
Melanesia 22.6 ± 9.3 mmHg (p<0.001). Reduction ofmean arterial pressure in
subjectMelanesian race at 17.1 ± 5.6 mmHg andNon Melanesian race at 26.21 ±
8.8 mmHg (p < 0.001). Mean Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) on the subject of the
Melanesian race at 1.48 [1.86] ng/ml/h and on the subject of nonMelanesian race
PRA average level of 1.1 [1.47] ng/ml/hr. There was no significant relationship
mean PRA levels in both these racial groups (p = 0.564).
Conclusion. There aredifferences in blood pressure reduction (systolic, diastolic
pressure and mean arterial pressure) with administer of ACE inhibitor in
Melanesianand Non Melanesiagroup of race. There is no significant relation with
averagePRAlevels in both group of race. Another factors affectsresponses of reduction blood pressure with administer ofACEinhibitor may be considered.;Background. Hypertension is one of the most commonconditionsin primary health
care that increase mortality and morbidity if it does not receive appropriate therapy.
Several studies show that blacks response differently compared with white in
conjunction with a decrease of blood pressure in response to administer ACE
inhibitor. The studies supported by PRA differences in both group of race. There are
no data ofblood pressure response in hypertensive patientsinMelanesian race by
administeringACE inhibitor supported withPRA levels examination in thisgroup of
race.
Objective. To compare therapeutic response ofangiotensin converting enzyme
blockers (ACE)inhibitorinreducing blood pressure between MelanesianandNon
Melanesian hipertensive patients.
Method. This study is a prospective cohort study conducted in the city of
Jayapura September to November 2015. We found85 subjects aged 30 to 55 years
oldwith hypertensionnever be treated before. Subjects are divided into two
groups, namely the Melanesian race (n = 34) and non Melanesian race (n = 51).
Both groups were given an initial dose of 5 mg of lisinopril. Blood pressure
checks performed at baseline and repeated every 7 days for 4 weeks in a row.
Results. There are differences in the response of blood pressure in hypertensive
patientofMelanesian race and Non Melanesiarace. Reduction ofsystolic blood
pressure of 24.5 ± 9.4 mmHg in subject Melanesian race and on the subject of
Non Melanesian 34.5 ± 13.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). Reduction ofdiastolic blood
pressure of subjectsMelanesians of 13.3 ± 5.5 mmHg, and on the subject of Non
Melanesia 22.6 ± 9.3 mmHg (p<0.001). Reduction ofmean arterial pressure in
subjectMelanesian race at 17.1 ± 5.6 mmHg andNon Melanesian race at 26.21 ±
8.8 mmHg (p < 0.001). Mean Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) on the subject of the
Melanesian race at 1.48 [1.86] ng/ml/h and on the subject of nonMelanesian race
PRA average level of 1.1 [1.47] ng/ml/hr. There was no significant relationship
mean PRA levels in both these racial groups (p = 0.564).
Conclusion. There aredifferences in blood pressure reduction (systolic, diastolic
pressure and mean arterial pressure) with administer of ACE inhibitor in
Melanesianand Non Melanesiagroup of race. There is no significant relation with
averagePRAlevels in both group of race. Another factors affectsresponses of reduction blood pressure with administer ofACEinhibitor may be considered."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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