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"Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) mengalami masalah pernafasan dan pertumbuhan sehingga memerlukan perawatan khusus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru (PMK) terhadap peningkatan berat badan dan saturasi oksigen BBLR. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimental pre dan post kontrol grup. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 34 BBLR yang dipilih dengan menggunakan tehnik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi ( 17 BBLR mendapatkan PMK intermittent) dan kelompok kontrol (17 BBLR mendapat perawatan konvensional di dalam inkubator). Perbandingan rerata peningkatan berat badan dan saturasi oksigen antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan berat badan (p<0,001) dan saturasi oksigen (p=0,019) lebih baik pada bayi yang mendapat PMK intermittent dibandingkan BBLR yang mendapat perawatan konvensional di dalam inkubator. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan mengkombinasikan PMK dengan metode pijat bayi.

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Low birth weight (LBW) infants experienced respiratory and growth problems so they need special treatment suc as kangaroo mother care methode (KMC). The objectives of this study were to investigated effects of KMC on LBW?s weight gain and oxygen saturation. A quasi eksperimental pre and post control group design was performed in LBW infants at Fatmawati hospital Jakarta. A total of 34 LBW infants who choosen by purposive sampling were divided into intervention group (17 LBW infants received intermittent KMC two hours/day for seven days) and control group ( 17 LBW infants received conventional care incubator). Independent t test was performed to compared mean weigt gain and oxygen saturation between control group and intervention group. Better weight gain (p<0.001) and oxygen saturation (p=0.019) were seen in infants who receiving intermittent KMC. Future study should be combine KMC with baby massage."

"Kestabilan saturasi oksigen dan peningkatan perilaku tidur-terjaga merupakan outcome dalam asuhan perkembangan bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized controlled trial dengan cross-over design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 BBLR yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan paired t test dan One Way ANOVA. Hasil analisis paired t test menunjukkan terdapat efek signiflkan dari musik Melayu dan Mozart terhadap stabilnya saturasi oksigen dan meningkatnya perilaku tidur-terjaga BBLR (p<0,05). Hasil analisis One Way ANOVA menunjukkan pada tahap setelah pemberian musik dan selisih (perbedaan) yang terjadi antar kelompok menunjukkan tidak terdapat efek yang signifikan (p>0,05) terhadap kestabilan saturasi oksigen dan perilaku tidur­ terjaga BBLR. Pemberian musik sebagai terapi komplementer dalam intervensi keperawatan dapat meminimalkan kebisingan lingkungan keperawatan dan mendukung bayi mencapai kestabilan saturasi oksigen dan peningkatan perilaku tidur-terjaga.

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The stability of the oxygen saturation and increased sleep-awake behavior is developmental outcomes in the care of LBW infants. The study design was a randomized controlled trial with cross-over design. 16 LBW infants samples are selected by consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by paired t test and One Way ANOVA. Paired t test analysis results showed that there were significant effects of giving Malay music and Mozart to the stable oxygen saturation and increased sleep-awake behavior LBW infants (p <0,05).

One Way ANOVA analysis results showed on stage after the administration of the music and the difference (difference) that occurred between the groups showed no significant effect (p> 0.05) on the stability of oxygen saturation and sleep-awake behavior LBW infants. Giving music as a complementary therapy in the nursing interventions can minimize the noise environment and supportive nursing infants stabilizing oxygen saturation and increased sleep-awake behavior."

"Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) terbukti meningkatkan berat badan bayi lahir rendah, namun pelaksanaan PMK masih kurang optimal karena kurangnya kepercayaan diri ibu dan pemahaman ibu mengenai PMK terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh dukungan teman senasib terhadap kepercayaan diri ibu, pelaksanaan PMK dan berat badan bayi. Desain penelitian yaitu randomise control trial pre-post test equivalent group dengan 24 responden kelompok intervensi dan 24 responden kelompok kontrol. Intervensi yaitu edukasi PMK (tiga sesi) dan observasi pelaksanaan PMK serta kenaikan berat badan bayi selama tujuh hari.Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan kepercayaan diri ibu, pelaksanaan PMK dan berat badan bayi antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi (p = 0,001; 0,001; 0,030). Terdapat hubungan antara berat lahir bayi dengan kepercayaan diri ibu dan kenaikan berat badan bayi, serta penyakit penyerta dengan kenaikan berat badan bayi. Penelitian ini efektif meningkatkan kepercayaan diri ibu, pelaksanaan PMK dan berat badan bayi. Peneliti merekomendasikan implementasi dukungan teman senasib saat kunjungan rumah.

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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has been shown to increase low birthweight, but KMC implementation is less optimal because of self-confidence mother was poor and mother`s understanding about KMC is limited. This research aims to determine effect of peer support on mother's self-confidence, KMC implementation and infant weight gain. The research methodology use was randomized a controlled-random experimental approach with pre-post test equivalent group of 24 respondents in the intervenstion group and 24 respondents in the control goup. The intervention was KMC education (three sessions) and observation of KMC implementation and infant weight gain for seven days.

The results was difference of mother's confidence, KMC implementation and infant weight gain between control group and intervention group (p = 0,001; 0,001,0,030). There was relationship between infant birth weight to mother's self-confidence and infant weight gain, as well as comorbidities with infant weight gain. This research was effectively improved mother's self-confidence, KMC implementation and infant weight gain. Researchers recommend the implementation of peer support during home visits."

"Peningkatan prevalensi bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) di Kabupaten Temanggung merupakan masalah yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru (PMK) terhadap pencapaian berat normal pada BBLR. Desain penelitian ini adalah hohort retrospektif dengan survival analysis. Populasi adalah BBLR yang lahir periode 1 Januari sampai 31 Desember 2011. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 192, terbagi menjadi kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan PMK.Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa median waktu pencapaian berat normal pada BBLR terjadi pada minggu ke-8. BBLR yang mendapat PMK, median waktu tercapai pada minggu ke-6 sedangkan yang tidak setelah minggu ke-8 (nilai p=0,006). Risiko pencapaian berat normal pada BBLR yang mendapat PMK 2,1 kali dari pada yang tidak (95%CI: 1,3-3,5). Untuk itu penerapan PMK sangat penting dilakukan dalam merawat BBLR.

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The Increased of LBW (low birth weight) prevalence in Temanggung was an important problem. The study aimed to determine the influence of kangaroo mother care KMC at LBW to achieve the normal weight. The design was a retrospective cohort with survival analysis. The population was LBW that born at January 1 ? December 31, 2011.

This study found that median time of LBW to achieve normal weight at week 8. LBW who received KMC, median time achieved at week 6, while who did not, median time achieved after week 8 (p value = 0.006). The risk of LBW with KMC to achieve the normal weight 2.1 times than LBW without KMC. (95%CI: 1.3 to 3.5). In addition the KMC is very important conducted to care LBW."

"Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) merupakan salah satu metode perawatan terhadap bayi BBLR yang mulai dikembangkan di Indonesia sejak tahun 90-an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan PMK, serta untuk mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang mendorong dan menghambat pelaksanaan PMK di rumah oleh Ibu pasca perawatan di RSUD Kota Depok tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen pada bulan Mei-Juni 2019 terhadap 4 orang Informan Ibu yang melakukan PMK di rumah dan 18 informan kunci. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, belum keseluruhan Ibu melaksanakan PMK sesuai dengan kategori komponen PMK. Keberhasilan dan kegagalan pelaksanan PMK dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, usia, paritas, status pekerjaan, dan dukungan yang diterima Ibu yang melakukan PMK, serta kontrol ulang ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Disarankan kepada RSUD Kota Depok untuk melakukan edukasi PMK yang tepat sasaran. Selanjutnya, perlu dimaksimalkan peran Kader Kesehatan dan kelompok pendukung dalam pengawasan pelaksanaan PMK di rumah yang berkelanjutan, serta advokasi terkait kebijakan PMK di tingkat kota Depok.

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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is one of the method used in Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies that has been developed in Indonesia since the 90s. The purpose of this study is to know about the implementation of KMC, and to identify things that stimulate and detain the implementation of KMC at home post-treatment in Depok Regional Public Hospital in 2019. This study used a qualitative method with a case study design. The data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis in May-June 2019 to 4 mother informants who implement KMC at home and 18 key informants.

Based on the results of the study, not all mothers have implemented KMC accordingly to the component category of KMC. The success and failure of KMC implementation is influenced by the level of education, age, parity, employment status, and support received by mothers who carry out KMC, as well as re-control of health care facilities. It is recommended to Depok Regional Public Hospital to conduct an on- target KMC education. Furthermore, it is necessary to maximize the role of Health Cadres and support group in order to monitor the implementation of KMC at home, as well as advocacy related to KMC policy in Depok."

"Metode kanguru telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan berat badan bayi dengan berat lahir rendah dan mempersingkat lama hari rawat, akan tetapi dua hal tersebut juga dipengaruhi oleh pemberian nutrisi yang optimal khususnya ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas perawatan metode kanguru terhadap kenaikan berat badan dan lama rawat bayi dengan berat lahir rendah yang disusui langsung dan tidak disusui langsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan crossover design dengan 32 BBLR di ruang Perinatologi pada tiga rumah sakit di Tangerang. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah bayi berat badan < 2500 gram, bayi yang menerima nutrisi ASI maupun susu formula, bayi dapat menghisap walaupun masih lemah, tidak dipuasakan, tidak terdapat masalah pernafasan, dan bayi tidak mendapatkan produk penambah berat badan atau Human Milk Fortifier. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada berat badan bayi yang diberikan intervensi PMK dengan disusui langsung dan PMK tanpa disusui langsung (p=0,451, α<0,05). Hasil penelitian dari lama hari rawat menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada kedua grup (p=0,096). Intervensi ini diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan di ruang rawat Perinatologi dengan durasi lebih dari 60 menit.

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The application of the kangaroo method has been shown to be able to weight gain for low birth weight infants and shorten the length of hospitalization, but these two things are also influenced by optimal nutrition, especially breast milk. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the kangaroo method of care for weight gain and length of stay of infants with low birth weight who are breastfed directly and not directly breastfed. This study used a crossover design with 32 LBW in the Neonatology room at three hospitals in Tangerang. The inclusion criteria in this study were body weight <2500 grams, infants who received both breast milk and formula milk, babies could suck even though they were still weak, not fasted, no respiratory problems, and the baby's mother was willing to take part in the study. Sampling technique with random sampling. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the weight of infants who were given the FMD intervention with direct breastfeeding and FMD without direct breastfeeding (p=0.451, <0.05). The results of the study of length of stay showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.096). This intervention is expected to be continued in the Neonatology ward with a duration of more than 60 minutes."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi berat lahir dan mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat lahir. Desain penelitian menggunakan cohort retrospektif, dengan sampel sebanyak 233 ibu hamil dan bayi yang melakukan pemeriksaan Antenatal Care dan melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Citra Medika dan Bidan Bersalin dari Januari 2010-Desember 2011. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Rantauprapat. Pengumpulan data meliputi medical record pasien dan data kelahiran . Analisis korelasi dan regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan arah hubungan antara variabel independen dengan berat lahir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat lahir di rumah sakit dan klinik bidan bersalin adalah 3337,8 ± 353,7 gram (95% CI: 3292 ? 3383). Berat badan sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester pertama, kedua, dan ketiga memiliki kekuatan hubungan yang sedang dan berpola positif. Model Prediksi adalah berat lahir = 1764,133 + 0,023 (BB pra hamil) + 0,131 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 1) + 0,037 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 2) + 0,037 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 3). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pertambahan berat badan trimester pertama. Peneliti menyarankan kepada RS dan bidan bersalin untuk memberikan edukasi kepada ibu hamil tentang pentingnya memperhatikan berat badan sebelum hamil dan memantau pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan terutama di trimester pertama, pemeriksaan kehamilan dilakukan minimal empat kali yaitu di trimester pertama, kedua, dan dua kali pada trimester ketiga.

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This study aimed to predict birth weight and find out the factors that most influence on birth weight. This study using a retrospective cohort design, with 233 pregnant women and infants who perform antenatal care and deliver in Citra Medica Hospital and midwife maternity from January 2010-December 2011. The located of the study was in Rantauprapat. The data were collected through patient medical record and birth data. Correlation analysis and multiple linier regression were used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between independent variables and birth weight.

The analysis show that the averages of birth weight in the the hospital and maternity midwife are 3337.8 ± 252.7 g (95% CI: 3292-3383). Prepregnancy weight, maternal weight gain in first, second, and third semester have moderate power relationship and positive pattern. Model prediction is Birth Weight= 1764,133 + 0,023 (pre-pregnancy weight) + 0,131 (first semester weight gain) + 0,037 (second semester weight gain) + 0,037 (third semester weight gain). The most variable effect is first semester weight gain. Researcher suggest that hospitals and midwives maternity can provide education to pregnant women about the importance of pre-pregnancy weight and monitoring weight gain during pregnancy, especially in first trimester, it should be check pregnancy at least four times which are one times in first trimester, one times in second trimester, and twice in third trimester."

"Pendidikan kesehatan perawatan metode kanguru (PMK) merupakan usaha membimbing orang tua mencapai peran ibu dalam perawatan dan pengasuhan bayi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi terhadap keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri ibu memberikan air susu ibu (ASI). Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi-experimental pre test and post test without control group design. Responden adalah 17 ibu yang mempunyai bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) di ruang perinatologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument kuesioner kepercayaan diri dan lembar observasi keterampilan memberikan ASI. Analisis hasil menggunakan uji paired t test. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri ibu memberikan ASI sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi (keterampilan: p=0,000, α=0,05; kepercayaan diri: p=0,000, α=0,05). Pendidikan kesehatan PMK sebaiknya dijadikan prosedur tetap perawatan BBLR.

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Kangaroo care health education is an attempt to guide parent achieving mother?s role in the baby care. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of kangaroo care health education on mothers skill and confidence to breastfeeding their baby. The study design used a quasi-experimental pre and post-test without control group design. Respondents were 17 mothers with low birth weight (LBW) infant in the Perinatology Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar. In the collection of the data, confidence questionnaires and breastfeeding skills observation sheets were used as instrument tool. The data was analyzed with paired t test. This research found that there were a significant influence on mother?s skill and confidence in breastfeed their baby as the result of kangaroo care health education (skills: p=0.000, α=0.05; confidence: p=0.000, α=0.05). it was recommended that kangaroo care health education is should be implemented in the care of LBW infant."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bayi berat lahir rendah, menilai kebiasaan dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap bayi berat lahir rendah, pengalaman ibu dan dukun bayi dalam perawatan bayi, persepsi kematian bayi serta menggali hal lain yang berkaitan dengan penerimaan para ibu terhadap Metode Kanguru.Desain penelitian adalah kualitatif, pelaksanaannya melalui studi kasus. Unit analisis penelitian adalah ibu yang melahirkan BBLR, dukun bayi yang pernah menolong persalinan BBLR, dan tokoh masyarakat. Sumber data terdiri dari 10 ibu, 5 dukun bayi, serta 4 tokoh masyarakat dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan oleh peneliti agar mendapatkan informasi bervariasi. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari wawancara dan observasi. Membuat matriks data kualitatif dan di analisis secara content analisys. Keterbatasan penelitian adalah kriteria keabsahan data hanya dilakukan triangulasi sumber data dan faktor lupa atau recall bias dari sumber data. Hasil penelitian tidak dapat di generalisasi untuk di daerah lainDari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa bayi berat later rendah (BBLR) dikenal istilah "Kupek kecil" atau "Bayek kecil", masyarakat sudah mengenal tanda-tanda BBLR, kebiasaan "Dikilek" merupakan perilaku positip dalam perawatan bayi, pendapat umum di masyarakat bahwa Metode Kanguru merupakan pengalaman baru. Di wilayah studi jenazah bayi (usia 0-40 hari) diperlakukan sama dengan jenazah orang dewasa. Adanya "Local genius" ramuan tumbuh-tumbuhanl akar-akaran untuk merawat ibu setelah melahirkan sering di pergunakan.Saran untuk pengelola program adalah panting dikenal oleh petugas kesehatan istilah lokal untuk BBLR, bidan di desa membimbing dan memberikan ketrampilan kepada dukun bayi bagaimana rasa menggunakan pita Lingkar Dada untuk deteksi dini BBLR. Pemberdayaan ibu yang melahirkan BBLR dan keluarganya melakukan perawatan Metode Kanguru, memotivasi masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan penyuluhan untuk memasyarakatkan Metode Kanguru. Bagi kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan yaitu perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk kebiasaan dan perilaku "Dikilek" dalam perawatan bayi, perbedaan persepsi bayi dilahirkan dengan umur kehamilan 7 bulan dan 8 bulan, serta khasiat "Local genius" ramuan tumbuh-tumbuhan untuk merawat ibu setelah melahirkan.

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ABSTRACTThe Acceptance of the Mother towards the Kangaroo Care Method at Four Community Health Centers in the Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatera, 1997 The aim of the study is to identify low birth weight babies (LBWB), assess common practices of the community towards LBWB, and explore the experience of mothers and traditional birth attendants covering baby health care. In addition, this study is also intended to assess the perceptions regarding infant deaths among the community into other reasons for the acceptance of the Kangaroo Care Method by the mothers.

The design of the study is a qualitative research method using case study. Approach the unit analysis consists of LBWS mothers, traditional birth attendants who assisted the birth of LBWB and community leaders. The data source consists of 10 mothers of LBWS, 5 traditional birth attendants and 4 community leaders were selected based on a pre-established criteria to obtain meaningful information. Matrix of qualitative data was constructed and content analysis was performed. The limitation of the study comprised of a single method of data validity using the triangulation method of the data source and recall bias. Generalization of the results of the study could not be mode to other area. The result of the study shows that LBWB is locally known as "Kupek Kecil" or "Bayek Kecil". In general, the signs of LBWB are well understood by the community. The local term "Dikilek" was identified as positive behavior for caring of babies and that is sent to see the Kangaroo Care Method. The Kangaroo Care Method was perceived as a new experience. The body of the infant death (0 - 40 days old) was treated as adult bodies. "Local Genius" which is a mixtures of plants and roots that are used to treat mothers after child birth was wildly common practice.

Based on the results of the study, it is streamly recommended that the local term for LBWB should be socialized and disseminated among the health personal. The community midwife should train to traditional birth attendants on the use of chest circumference measurements as an early detection tool of LBWB. It is also important to empower the mothers with LBWB, the family for the use of the Kangaroo Care method and motivate the community in the implementation of the method. Forever research should be conducted concerning the common practices of "Diklek" on baby health care , the differences perception of babies born with 7 and 8 months pregnancy and the use of "Local genius" for mother care after birth.

Bibliography : 50 (1974 - 1997)"

"ABSTRAKBayi berat badan lahir rendah memerlukan perawatan yang lama di rumah sakit karena berbagai masalah kesehatannya, sehingga dapat berdampak pada biaya rawat. Salah satu upaya mengatasi masalah adalah dengan perawatan metode kanguru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi efektifitas perawatan metode kanguru terhadap biaya rawat dan perubahan berat badan. Desain penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pretest- postest design, dengan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 dibagi menjadi 18 responden kelompok intervensi yang menggunakan perawatan metode kanguru dan 18 responden kelompok kontrol yang menerima perawatan standar. Hasil uji paired t-test dan independen t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rerata berat badan kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rerata biaya rawat kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pelaksanaan PMK dapat dilakukan segera setelah kondisi bayi stabil. Dukungan lingkungan ruang PMK seperti suhu ruangan yang hangat, diperlukan demi menjaga kenyamanan ibu dan bayi selama PMK.

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ABSTRACTLow birth weight infants experience various problems and require lengthy hospitalization, which can have an impact on hospitalization costs. One of the efforts to overcome the problem is with the treatment of kangaroo methods. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of kangaroo method treatments on the cost of care and weight change. The research design was quasi experiment with pretest posttest approach, with sample using consecutive sampling technique. The number of samples in this study was 36 divided into 18 respondents of the intervention group using the kangaroo method of treatment and 18 respondents of the control group who received the standard treatment. The result of paired t test and independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between mean of intervention group and control group weight. There was a significant difference between the mean costs of the intervention group and the control group. This study recommends that PMK can be performed as soon as the baby s condition is stable. Supporting the FMD room environment such as warm room temperature, necessary for the comfort of mother and baby during FMD."