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"Penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui efek diet tinggi lemak dalam meningkatkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus strain Wistardan efek ekstrak Garcinia dioicadalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksp erimental Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan kadar kolesterol kelompok tanpalemak tinggi lemak uji a uji b dan uji c secara berurutan adalah 71 4 g dL 73 2 g dL 28 8 g dL 28 8 dan 21 6 g dL Disimpulkan bahwa diet tinggi lemak dapat menaikkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus yang diberikan PTU tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik serta ekstrak Garcinia dioica dap at menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus yang diberikan diet tinggi lemak.

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This study has two purposes to find out the effectof high fat diet in increasing blood cholesterol Wistar rat strains andto find out the effect of Garcinia dioica extract in lowering blood cholesterol level in rats The design used in this study is experimental The findings show that the cholesterol group level of without fat of high fat of test a of test b and of test c respectively is 71 4 g dL 73 2 g dL 28 8 g dL 28 8 and 21 6 g dL Conclusions of this study are that thehigh fat diet can raise rat rsquo s blood cholesterol levels given PTU even though it is not meaningful statistically and that Garcinia dioica extract can lower rat rsquo s blood cholesterol given high fat diet."

"Latar belakang: Bayamduri (Amaranthus spinosus L.) adalah herbal tradisional yang digunakan untuk pengobatan malaria dan belum banyak data penelitian tentang ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas skizontisidal ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) (EABD) terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo. Metode: Mencit jantan (galur Balb/c) dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: kontrol, Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, 2 Kelompok perlakuan (B dan C). Kelompok B: ekstrak Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBB, 1 kali per hari selama 4 hari. dan kelompok C: klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB sekali sehari selama 3 hari. Seluruh perlakuan diberikan melalui oral. Hasil: Aktivitas skizontisidal darah terlihat pada semua kelompok perlakuan (B dan C), Aktivitas tertinggi terlihat pada kelompok B yaitu 91,20 ± 0,73 %, sedang kelompok C sebesar 88,92 ± 1,10 %. Kedua kelompok berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol, p≤0,05, namun kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna satu sama lain, p≥0,05. Terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada kelompok EABD yang hampir sama dengan kelompok kontrol dan lebih besar dibanding kelompok klorokuin (7,6 % vs 7,05% dan 5,48%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus) (EABD) dosis 120 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas skizontisidal darah yang sama baik dengan pemberian klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo.

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Background: Amaranthus spinosus is a traditional herb used for the treatment of malaria, but the information of it?s activity still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the schizonticidal effect of a water extract of Amaranthus spinosus against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Methods: Male mice (Balb/c strain) weighing 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly devided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group K: controls (nil), Group A: negative controls, and 2 treatment groups (B and C). Group B: Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBW, once per day for 4 days and group C: Chloroquine 10 mg/kgBW, once a day for 3 days. All treatments administrated orally.

Results: Blood schizonticidal activity was seen in all treatment groups, the highest activity was seen in group B ( 91.20 ± 0.73%), and group C was 88.92 ± 1.10%. Both groups were significantly different compared to control, p≤0,05), but there were no different within both group. An increase in body weight in group B are almost the same as group K and greater than group C (7.6% vs 7.05% and 5.48%).

Conclusion: The Amaranthus spinosus water extract (ASWE) at a dose 120 mg/kgBW demonstrated a good blood schizonticidal activity as well as chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice."

"Salah satu fungsi ginjal adalah sebagai tempat produksi erythropoietin yang berfungsi memicu produksi sel darah merah. Pada penderita obstruksi batu ureter bilateral kronik dapat terjadi kerusakan ginjal umumnya berakibat anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar kreatinin darah. Kadar kreatinin darah dalam penelitian ini digunakan sebagai indeks pengukuran fungsi ginjal. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Urologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan mengambil data 101 rekam medis pasien pada tahun 2009-2011 dengan batu ureter bilateral dan diambil data hemoglobin (cut-off 12 gr/dL) dan kreatinin serum (cut-off 1,5 mg/dL). Hubungan antara keduanya dihitung dengan uji chi-square dan didapatkan 70,6% pasien dengan hemoglobin rendah pada pasien dengan kadar kreatinin tinggi dan 42,0% pasien dengan hemoglobin rendah pada pasien dengan kadar kreatinin normal (p=0,004). Terdapat risiko penurunan kadar hemoglobin (OR = 3,314) pada pasien dengan kadar kreatinin yang tinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar kreatinin darah dan pasien dengan kadar kreatinin tinggi cenderung berisiko anemia.

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One of renal function is as a place that serves erythropoietin production triggers the production of red blood cells. In patients with bilateral ureteral stone obstruction chronic kidney damage can occur generally result in anemia. This study aimed to prove the existence of a relationship between hemoglobin levels with blood creatinine levels. Blood creatinine levels in this study was used as an index of kidney function measurement. The study was conducted in the Department of Urology Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo by retrieving 101 medical records data of patients in the years 2009-2011 with bilateral ureteral stones and data retrieving hemoglobin data (cut-off 12 g / dL) and serum creatinine (cut-off 1.5 mg / dL). Relationship between the two was calculated by chi-square test. It was found that 70.6% of patients with low hemoglobin had high creatinine levels and 42.0% of patients with low hemoglobin had normal creatinine levels (p = 0.004). These result implied that there was a risk of a decrease in hemoglobin levels (OR = 3.314) in patients with high creatinine levels. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between level of hemoglobin and creatinine levels in blood. Patients with high creatinine levels tend to be at risk of anemia."

"Penyakit jantung adalah penyebab no. 1 kematian di Indonesia. Salah satu masalah utama dalam penyakit jantung adalah hipertrigliseridemia. Ekstrak kulit buah Garcinia dioica dapat menjadi salah satu terapi alternatif bagi peningkatan kadar trigliserida. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimen desain paralel dengan metode matching. Ada 5 kelompok uji, tikus normal, tikus dengan kelebihan asupan lemak, dan pemberian 3 dosis yang berbeda dari ekstrak. Tikus diinduksi dengan kadar trigliserida yang tinggi. Sampel darah diambil di laboratorium setelah 21 hari pada tikus dengan lemak tinggi dan tanpa asupan lemak, dan 3 dosis ekstrak diambil setelah 21 hari kemudian. Hasil dari percobaannya yaitu: (1) tikus normal (29,6), (2) tikus dengan kelebihan asupan lemak (36,4), (3) 10 mg (66,2), (4) 20 mg (72,9) dan (5) 30 mg (67,6). Hasil dianalisis dengan uji T untuk tikus normal dan tikus yang diberi asupan lemak lebih dan hasilnya adalah p = 0,255. 3 dosis hasil Garcinia dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA-dan hasilnya adalah p = 0,947. Pemberian ekstrak Garcinia dioica strain Wistar tidak menurunkan kadar trigliserida secara signifikan.

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Cardiovascular disease is the no. 1 cause of death in Indonesia. One of the main problem in cardiovascular disease is hypertriglyceridemia. Garcinia dioica skin extract can be an alternative therapy for elevated triglyceride levels. The research was carried out experimentally the parallel design with matching methods. There are 5 test group; normal rat, rat with excess fat intake, and the administration of 3 different doses of the extract. The rat was inducted with high trigygliceride orally. Blood samples were taken in the laboratory after 21 days on the rat with and without fat intake, and 3 doses of the extract were taken after the next 21 days.

The results of each treatment are: (1) normal rat (29.6), (2) rat with excess fat intake (36.4), (3) 10 mg (66.2), (4) 20 mg (72.9) and (5) 30 mg (67.6). The results were analysed with T test for normal rat and rat that were given excess fat intake and the result is p = 0.255. 3 dose of garcinia results were analysed with One-Way ANOVA and the result is p= 0.947. The administration of extract of Garcinia dioica Wistar strain does not lower triglyceride levels significantly."

"Kadar asam urat diduga merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya batu saluran kemih. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan adanya kristalisasi asam urat pada saluran kemih, yang berujung pada batu asam urat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara kadar asam urat dengan kejadian batu asam urat pada pasien batu saluran kemih. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Urologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Juni 2012 hingga Juni 2013 dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien tahun 2009-2011 sebanyak 102 sampel. Data yang diambil adalah kadar asam urat pasien yang dikelompokkan menjadi normal (≤6,8 mg/dL) dan tinggi (>6,8 mg/dL), serta hasil analisis batu saluran kemih, apakah terdapat batu asam urat atau tidak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien dengan kadar asam urat normal, batu asam urat terjadi pada 33 dari 84 orang (39,3%), dan pada pasien dengan kadar asam urat tinggi terjadi pada 6 dari 18 orang (33,3%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan p=0,637, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar asam urat dengan kejadian batu asam urat.

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Uric acid level in blood is thought to be one of many risk factors in urolithiasis. It is related to the crystallization of uric acid in the urinary tract which will become uric acid stone. Objective of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between uric acid level in blood with uric acid stone occurrence or not. The study was done at Urology Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in June 2012 until June 2013, using 102 data from medical record year 2009-2011. Data used for study were uric acid level, which was categorized into normal (≤6,8 mg/dL) and high (>6,8 mg/dL), and stone analysis, whether there was uric acid or not. The results showed that uric acid stone occured in 33 of 84 patients (39,3%) with normal uric acid level, and in 6 of 18 patients (33,3%) with high uric acid level. Chi-square test showed that p=0,637, which proved that there was no correlation between uric acid level with uric acid stone occurrence."

"Perkembangan penyakit menunjukkan adanya tren peningkatan penyakit tidak menular yang didominasi oleh penyakit kardiovaskular. Salah satu manifestasinya adalah pada kelainan neurovaskular. Penelitian untuk terapi penyakit ini terus dikembangkan, termasuk salah satunya terapi menggunakan obat herbal. Dua jenis tanaman yang dipercaya memiliki efek terapi adalah akar kucing dan pegagan.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk eksperimen dengan tujuan mendapatkan data terkontrol dari efek pemberian kombinasi akar kucing dan pegagan, obat citicoline, dan aquades pada 5 kelompok tikus yang sebelumnya dikondisikan hipoksia. Data diambil dengan melakukan hitung sel piknotik, terkondensasi dan sel normal pada girus dentatus otak tikus.Hasil: Dari 5 ke tikus yang diamati selnya, jumlah rata-rata sel terbanyak muncul pada kelompok terapi dengan citicoline. Jumlah rata-rata terendah muncul pada kelompok terapi dengan akuades. Pemberian kombinasi akar kucing dan pegagan tidak menunjukkan adanya urutan sesuai dosis. Pada analisis dengan uji One-Way Annova, didapatkan bahwa hasil tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna.Diskusi dan Kesimpulan: Walaupun secara statistik tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna dari masing-masing kategori, pada pengamatan langsung sel dapat diamati adanya peningkatan jumlah sel normal pada pemberian terapi dengan kombinasi ekstrak akar kucing dan pegagan. Pengobatan dengan terapi herbal di Indonesia memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan, peneliti berharap dapat dilakukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ekstrak dengan efek neuroterapinya.

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Recent updates in diseases shows increasing number incommunicable disease, espescially in cardiovascular diseases. One of the disease caused by cardiovascular disease is neurovascular. Research for treatment of this disease still on progress, including research in herbal medicine. Two of herbal medicine that has being used for years are akar kucing and pegagan.

Method: Experimental, in purpose obtaining controlled data from treatment with combination of akar kucing with pegagan, citicoline, and aquades in 5 group of mouse that has been hypoxiated. Data taken after treatment are the normal cells of mouse (Sprague dawley.) brain in gyri of dentata.

Result: From 32 mouse that observed, mean number of highest normal cells are found in mouse with citicoline treatment. And the lowest mean of normal cell are found in mouse with aquades treatment. Treatment with combination of akar kucing and pegagan did not correlated with order of dose. And statistic analysis with one-way annova shows the differences are not significant (p>0,878).

Discussion and Conclusion: Although statistically insignifficant, in direct observation the difference can be seen. In mouse with akar kucing and pegagan treatment, number of normal cells was increased. This may be resulted from anatomycal factor, duration of treatment, and method of observation. Further research still needed for understanding the effect of treatment with neurotheraphy effect."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan sebuahtanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antimalaria dengan carameningkatkan kerja antioksidan dalam tubuh. Hati merupakan salah satu tempatterjadinya fase perkembangan Plasmodium pada penyakit malaria. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antimalaria dari Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto(EES) pada mencit yang diiinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo melalupengukuran kadar MDA dan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hati.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental in vivomenggunakan hewan coba mencit Balb/c. Metode penelitian dilakukan denganmengelompokkan mencit ke dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yangtidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok I yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei tetapitidak diterapi, kelompok II yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi EES 2mg/kgBB serta kelompok III yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberiklorokuin 10 mg/kgBB selama 3 hari. Analisis kadar MDA dilakukan denganmetode Wills dan aktivitas spesifik katalase dengan metode Mates et al.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan pada mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei dan diberiekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) 2 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif(66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g jaringan hati). Namun pada kelompokyang diberi perlakuan klorokuin juga terlihat penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69nmol/g jaringan hati). Sedangkan aktivitas spesifik katalase kelompok yang diberiEES menunjukkan peningkatan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkandengan kelompok kontrol (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg jaringan hati).Begitupula dengan klorokuin yang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas spesifikkatalase yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol(2,97 ± 1,53 vs 3,73 ± 1.56).Kesimpulan: Pada kelompok dengan pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terjadipenurunan kadar MDA serta peningkatan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hatimencit dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidakbermakna demikian pula dengan kelompok yang diberi klorokuin.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine"

"Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi mematikan yang disebabkan oleh parasit darah, Plasmodium sp. Setiap tahunnya lebih dari satu juta orang meninggal akibat malaria. Kematian akibat malaria terutama disebabkan oleh resistensi parasit terhadap obat antimalaria. Flamboyan (Delonix regia) telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional terhadap malaria di Zambia, beberapa negara Afrika lain dan, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas antimalaria pada tikus yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei dan kandungan fitokima kulit batang dan biji Delonix regia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kulit batang dan biji Delonix regia dalam tiga dosis, yaitu 2,8 mg/20 g mencit; 8,4 mg/20 g mencit; dan 14 mg/20 g mencit. Kloroquin dosis 0,52 mg/20 g mencit digunakan sebagai kontrol positif, sedangkan air digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke-0 saat mencit dinyatakan terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Parasitemia diamati sebelum pemberian perlakuan (hari ke-0) dan hari ke-3. Selisih densitas parasit pada Hasil penelitian dan uji statistik dengan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan ekstrak kulit batang dan biji Delonix regia tidak memiliki efek penghambat pertumbuhan Plasmodium berghei yang bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p>0,05).

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Malaria is one of deadly infectious disease caused by blood parasite; Plasmodium sp. Malaria caused more than one million deaths every year. Deaths caused by malaria were particularly due to the parasite's resistance to malarial drugs. Delonix regia has been used as a traditional medicine against malaria in Zambia, some of African countries, and in Nusa Tenggara Timur. This research was done to understand antimalarial effect of Delonix regia bark and seed in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and to know their phytochemical substances.

This research used three doses of Delonix regia bark and seed, which were 2,8 mg/20 g mouse; 8,4 mg/20 g mouse; and 14 mg/20 g mouse. Chloroquine 0,52 mg/20 g mouse was used as positive control, whereas water as negative control. The treatments were given at day 0 when the mice have been proven infected by Plasmodium berghei. The observation of parasitemia conducted at day 0 before giving the treatments and day 3. The results and statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA showed Delonix regia bark and seed extract didn't show growth inhibitory effect of Plasmodium berghei compared with negative control."

"Penderita karatak di Indonesia setiap tahun semakin meningkat. Usia penderita katarak juga semakin muda. Penyembuhan dengan operasi mahal dan beresiko gagal. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengobatan dengan sediaan obat yang mudah dibuat dan aman digunakan. Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) mengandung antosianin yang memiliki kemampuan untuk meluruhkan katarak. Ekstraksi air panas terhadap 2 tangkai bunga telang pada 20 ml aquades menghasilkan kadar antosianin maksimum pada suhu pelarut 80oC yaitu 2,5 mg/l. Katarak diuji pada hewan coba tikus (Rattus norvegicus) galur Sprague Dawley jantan berumur 10 hari hasil induksi natrium selenit (Na2Se2O3) 20 μmol/kg BB tikus. Pengujian kemampuan peluruhan katarak dilakukan dengan cara meneteskan ekstrak bunga telang pada mata tikus. Penetesan dilakukan dengan dosis 2, 3, dan 4 tangkai bunga telang dan frekuensi penetesan 1x,2x dan 3x sehari. Sifat keaktifan peluruhan katarak diuji dengan melihat penurunan tingkat kekeruhan lensa mata tikus dari tingkat 5 hingga 1. Hasil penetesan menunjukkan semakin besar dosis antosianin dan semakin sering dilakukan penetesan memberikan peluruhan katarak yang semakin besar. Penetesan ekstrak bunga telang dengan dosis 2 tangkai dan frekuensi penetesan 3x sehari menghasilkan tingkat kekeruhan terendah yaitu tingkat 1. Dosis 4 tangkai dan frekuensi penetesan 1x sehari menghasilkan tingkat kekeruhan tertinggi yaitu tingkat 4. Kemampuan peluruhan ekstrak bunga telang berkisar antara 20% pada dosis 4 tangkai dan 1x penetesan hingga 80% pada dosis 2 tangkai dan 3x penetesan.

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The number of cataract patients in Indonesia keeps increasing every year. It has also affected younger people. Healing with operation is getting more expensive and has higher risk. Hence, it needs more alternative medicine which can be easily made and found. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) contains anthocyanin which is able to decay the cataract. The Extract of the butterfly pea with 80oC water, which resulting the level of the extracted anthocyanin is 2.5 mg/l. The cataract, induced from sodium selenite (Na2Se2O3) 20 μmol/kg is tested on male ten-days-old laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus.

The experiment of cataract decaying is done by shedding the pea?s extract on the rats? eyes. The shedding is practiced with 2, 3, and 4 stalks of butterfly peas, and the frequency is once, twice and third times a day. The characteristics of the cataract decaying are experimented by observing the turbidity level reduction of the rats eyes, with five to one scales.

The shedding shows the higher dose of anthocynin and more often the frequency, the bigger cataract will be decayed. The extract shedding of two stalks of butterfly peas and the third times a day frequency produces the lowest turbidity level which is one. The extract of four stalks of butterfly peas and once a day frequency ends with the highest turbidity level which is four. The decay ability of the extract butterfly pea is around 20% at dose 4 stalks and once frequency and 80% at dose 2 stalks and third times frequency of shedding."

"Tamarindus indica (tamarind) is an established traditional medicine. Pulpa tamarindorum includes vitamin C, protein, fat, glucose, citric acid, etc. Citric acid is a root canal irrigant and vitamin C an antioxidant. This study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxicity of 5% tamarind extract as a root canal irrigant to the cell line BHK-21. Eighteen cultures of cell line BHK-21 were divided into 2 groups. Sterile aquabidest was placed on the group 1 cultures (as control), and 5% tamarind extract was on the group 2, for 2.5 minutes each, and then the percentage of the living and dead cells were counted. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using independent t test to 0.05 limit of significance. The results showed 1% of dead cells in group 1 and 22% in group 2, and that there was a significant difference between the effect of 5% tamarind extract and that of sterile aquabidest (p<0.05). It was concluded that 5% tamarind extract is cytotoxic to the cell line BHK-21."