Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Peningkatan penggunaan alat elektronik di lingkungan meningkatkan risiko pajanan terhadap kesehatan termasuk sistem reproduksi. Belum terdapat studi yang melihat perbedaan efek pajanan terhadap tiga generasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemajanan medan elektromagnetik frekuensi rendah ekstrim pada mencit strain Swiss Webster terhadap jumlah sel Leydig populasi jantan sampai didapatkan generasi F3 Mencit dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok pajanan dengan medan elektromagnetik bertegangan 3 kV 4 kV dan 5 kV serta kelompok kontrol tanpa pajanan. Pengamatan histopatologi testis mencit dewasa masing masing kelompok pemajanan menunjukkan penurunan jumlah sel Leydig yang bermakna p 0 05 dibandingkan kontrol. Didapatkan pula penurunan yang bermakna pada generasi F1 F2 dan F3 dibandingkan dengan jumlah sel Leydig kelompok kontrol p 0 05. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan pajanan medan elektromagnetik frekuensi rendah ekstrim berpengaruh terhadap jumlah sel Leydig sehingga mempengaruhi kapastitas reproduksi jantan.

---

Widespread use of electronic technology increase risk of future health including reproductive system Animal model studies has not yet provided effect of electromagnetic field on three different generations. The present study investigate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure EMF ELF continously towards leydig cells on three generation of male Swiss Webster mice. Mices are distributed into three exposed group 3 kV 4 kV and 5 kV and one control population without exposure. Number of Leydig cells reduce significantly compared to control p 0 05. There is significant decreased of leydig cell count in every generations compared to control population p 0 05 It is concluded that ELF EMF exposure affects leydig cells population therefore reducing their spermatogenic capacity."

"Berbagai produk teknologi berupa alat elektronik yang dipergunakan sehari-hari ternyata mampu menghasilkan medan elektromagnetik dengan frekuensi samgat rendah (extremely low frequency) yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan sistem organ manusia, salah satunya sistem reproduksi. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan gangguan pada sistem reproduksi pria dapat memicu terhambatnya proses spermatogenesis sehingga menurunkan produksi sperma. Untuk itu, dilakukan penelitian terhadap salah satu sel pada proses spermatogenesis, yakni sel spermatosit 1 pakiten, dan dilihat pengaruh pajanan elektromagnetik terhadap jumlah sel tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan melakukan pemajanan pada mencit jantan Strain Webster generasi pertama (F1), kedua (F2), dan ketiga (F3) dengan tegangan 0 kV (kontrol), 3 kV, 4 kV, dan 5 kV. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan jumlah sel spermatosit 1 pakiten pada pemajanan kelompok mencit 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Pemajanan dengan tegangan 3 kV tidak memiliki efek akumulatif pada generasi pertama, kedua, dan ketiga (p > 0,05). Pemajanan dengan tegangan 4 kV hanya memiliki efek akumulatif pada generasi pertama ke generasi kedua. Pemajanan dengan tegangan 5 kV memiliki efek kumulatif pada generasi kedua ke generasi ketiga. Selain itu, pemajanan dengan tegangan 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV berkorelasi sebanding dengan penurunan jumlah sel. Dengan demikian, pajanan medan elektromagnetik ELF berpengaruh terhadap penurunan jumlah sel spermatosit 1 pakiten dan memiliki efek akumulatif pada generasinya.

---

Many high tech-product electronic devices that is used daily capable on producing extremely low frequency electromagnetic field that could disturb human organ, one of which is reproduction system. Many research has showed that disturbance in male reproduction system could cause impeded spermatogenesis process so as decrease sperm production. This research was done to one of the cell related to spermatogenesis process, which is the spermatocyte 1 in its pachytene stage. Consequently, the effect of the electromagnetic exposure to the quantity of the cell was observed. This experimental research was done by exposing first generation (F1), second generation (F2), and third generation (F3) male Webster strain albino house mouse with 0 kV (control), 3 kV, 4 kV, and 5 kV voltage.

The result show a decline in pachytene spermatocyte 1 at the 3 kV, 4kV, 5kV exposure group than the control group (p<0,05). The exposure of more than 3kV did not have accumulative effect on first, second, and third generation (p>0,05). Exposing with 4 kV only has an accumulative effect in the first and second generation. Exposing with 5 kV showed an accumulative effect on second to third generation. Moreover, exposing with 3kV, 4kV, 5kV correlated consecutively with propotional decline in cell quantity. Therefore, ELF electromagnetic field exposure has an effect to decline in pachytene spermatocyte 1 quantity and have an accumulative effect to each generation."

"Radiasi medan elektromagnetik berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan pada sistem reproduksi, utamanya sistem reproduksi pria saat tahap spermatogenesis. Fenomena ini dikarenakan letak testis pada pria lebih superfisial dibandingkan dengan ovarium pada wanita sehingga testis lebih rentan terpapar medan elektromagnetik. Beberapa penelitian mengenai pemajanan medan elektromagnetik terhadap sistem reproduksi mencit Strain Webster telah dilakukan, khususnya efek pada testis. Tetapi, penelitian tersebut hanya terbatas pada pemajanan untuk satu generasi mencit saja. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin mengetahui efek pemajanan medan elektromagnetik tingkat sangat rendah pada tiga generasi mencit terhadap diameter tubulus seminiferus yang merupakan komponen penting testis dalam sistem reproduksi mencit jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Pemajanan dilakukan dengan tiga tegangan yang berbeda, yaitu 3 kV/10 cm dengan kuat medan magnet 5,5 uT ; 4 kV/10 cm dengan kuat medan magnet 5,4 uT ; dan 5 kV/10 cm kuat medan magnet 5,3 uT. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS for Windows versi 16 dengan analisis Kruskal-Wallis dan non-parametrik Mann-Whitney. Dalam penelitian ini ditetapkan nilai α sebesar 0,05 dan interval kepercayaan atau confidence interval (CI) sebesar 95 %. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara bermakna (p<0,05) telah terjadi penurunan diameter Tubulus Seminiferus pada kelompok terpajan ketika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penurunan diameter Tubulus Seminiferus tersebut cenderung sebanding dengan peningkatan tegangan dan berbanding lurus dengan jumlah generasi. Selain itu, telah terjadi perubahan gambaran jaringan testis pada kelompok terpajan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

---

Electromagnetic Field Radiation is potential to cause disruption in reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis stage in male reproductive system. This phenomenon caused by the position of testis in male is more superficial compared to ovarium position in female, so the testis have greater tendency to get electromagnetic field exposure. Many research about electromagnetic exposure to reproductive system of Webster Strain Mice have been conducted, especially the effect of exposure to testis. However, the exposure in that research are done only in one generation of mice. So, researcher want to know the effect of Extremely Low Frequency-Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) exposure to diameter of seminiferous tubules within three generation of Strain Webster Mice which is important component of reproductive system for the mice.

Experimental is the design of this research, the exposure was done with three different voltages, which are 3 kV/10 cm with magnetic field of 5,5 uT; 4 kV/10 cm with magnetic field of 5,4 uT; and 5 kV/ 10 cm with magnetic field of 5,3 uT. The data was analyzed by SPSS for Windows version 16 software with Kruskal-Wallis analysis nonparametric of Mann-Whitney.

In this research α value of 0,05 and confidence interval of 95% are settled. The result shows that there is significant (p<0,05) decrease in diameter of tubulus seminiferus in intervention group compared to control. The decrease tend to be in direct proportion with increasing voltage and the number of generation. In addition, changes in histological appearance of testis in intervention group have been observed compared to control."

"Pajanan medan elektromagnetik dapat mengganggu sistem reproduksi pria, khususnya tahap spermatogenesis. Beberapa penelitian tentang pajanan medan elektromagnetik terhadap spermatogenesis telah dilakukan. Meskipun demikian, penelitian tersebut hanya pada satu tegangan dan satu generasi saja. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pajanan medan elektromagnetik pada beberapa tegangan dan beberapa generasi terhadap jumlah spermatogonia-A yang merupakan komponen penting spermatogenesis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan memajan mencit strain Webster jantan generasi pertama (F1), generasi kedua (F2), dan generasi ketiga (F3) menggunakan medan elektromagnetik dengan tegangan 3 kV/10 cm dengan kuat medan magnet 5,5 uT ; 4 kV/10 cm dengan kuat medan magnet 5,4 uT ; dan 5 kV/10 cm kuat medan magnet 5,3 uT. Mencit dipajan dari embrio sampai dewasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan jumlah sel spermatogonia-A secara bermakna (analisis Kruskal-Wallis p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penurunan tersebut cenderung sebanding dengan peningkatan tegangan dan sebanding dengan generasi.

---

Electromagnetic field exposure can disrupt the male reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis stage. A number of research about electromagnetic field exposure to spermatogenesis have been done. However, those researchs involve only one voltage and one generation of mice. This research is to understand the effect of exposing several generation of mice to electromagnetic field in several voltage to the number of spermatogonia-A cells which is important component in spermatogenesis.

The design of this research is experimental by exposing first generation of male Webster strain mice (F1), second generation (F2), and third generation (F3) to electric field of 3 kV/10 cm and magnetic field of 5,5 uT; electric field of 4kV/10 cm and magnetic field 5,4 uT; and electric filed of 5 kV/10 cm and magnetic field of 5,3 uT. The mice were exposed from embrio until adult. Electromagnetic field exposure cause decrease in the number of spermatogonia-A cells first generation (F1), second generation (F2), and third generation (F3). Electromagnetic field exposure in a variety of voltage levels cause decrease in the number of cell spermatogonia-A cells.

Results of statistic analysis (Kruskal-Wallis Analysis) show that a significant decrease (p<0,05) in the number spermatogonia-A compared to control. The decrease in number of spermatogonia-A lean to the increasing voltage of electromagnetic field and generation of mice."

"Latar Belakang: Seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan informasi di seluruh dunia, pemakaian tenaga listrik di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, semakin meningkat. Tanpa disadari, hal tersebut mengakibatkan peningkatan pemajanan medan elektromagnet extremely low frequency (ELF) pada kehidupan manusia. Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyak kelainan pada tubuh manusia, termasuk pengaruh terhadap sistem reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemajanan medan elektromagnet ELF dengan perubahan jumlah folikel ovarium melalui mencit sebagai model. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi eksperimental dengan hewan coba, yang merupakan bagian dari penelitian eksperimental lain yang lebih besar. Kelompok yang digunakan terdiri dari 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 3 generasi. Penelitian ini membandingkan jumlah folikel ovarium antara mencit kontrol dan perlakuan dari generasi satu sampai generasi tiga serta melihat efek akumulasi pemajanan medan elektromagnet dengan membandingkan jumlah folikel ovarium antar generasi dalam kelompok perlakuan. Data folikel ovarium mencit diperoleh dengan melihat sediaan di bawah mikroskop cahaya untuk menghitung jumlah folikel primer, sekunder, tersier, de Graaf, dan atresia (primer, sekunder dan tersier). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan jumlah folikel sekunder yang bermakna (p < 0.05, uji t tidak berpasangan) pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol generasi pertama, serta terdapat perbedaan jumlah folikel tersier yang bermakna (p < 0.05, uji Mann-Whitney) pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol generasi pertama. Sedangkan perbedaan jumlah folikel primer dan folikel de Graaf serta folikel atresia pada kelompok perlakuan tidak bermakna. Begitu pula dengan efek akumulasi pemajanan ( p > 0.05, ANOVA 1 arah dan Kruskal Wallis). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya penurunan jumlah folikel sekunder dan tersier yang bermakna. Sedangkan penurunan jumlah folikel primer dan folikel de Graaf serta peningkatan folikel atresia pada kelompok perlakuan tidak tebukti, begitu pula dengan efek akumulasi pemajanan.

---

Background: The usage of electricity in various countries including Indonesia has been increasing, along with the development of information and technology in the world. Without realizing it, the exposure of extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field on human life is increasing rapidly. This could bring up a lot of abnormalities in human body, including the influence of the electromagnetic field in the reproductive system. This research aims to determine the relationship between extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field exposures on changes of number of ovarian follicle with mice as a model.

Method: The design of this research is experimental design study with laboratory animals, which was part of a bigger experimental research. The mice take divided into 6 groups which were group of control and treatment each consisting of 3 generations. It compared the number of ovarian follicle between control and treatment mice from first generation to third generation and sees the effect of the accumulation electromagnetic field exposure which compares the number of ovarian follicle inter-generation in the treatment group. Mice ovarian follicle data obtained from observing the sample under light microscope to count the number of primary, secondary, tertiary, de Graaf, and atretic (primary, secondary and tertiary) follicle.

Result: There is significant difference in the number of secondary follicles between first generation of treatment and control group (p < 0.05, independent-unpaired-t-test). The significant difference is also found in the number of tertiary follicles between first generation of treatment and control group (p <0.05, Mann-Whitney test). The difference between the number of primary, de Graaf follicles, and atretic follicle in treatment is found not significant. The effect of accumulation in treatment is also found not significant (p > 0,05, One-Way-Anova and Kruskal Wallis).

Conclusion There was a significant decrease in the number of secondary and tertiary follicles. However the decrease in the number of primary follicle and de Graaf follicle, and the increase of atretic follicle in the treatment group were not proved, as well as the effect of the exposure accumulation."

"Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit sistemik yang banyak terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia yaitu sebesar 10,7 juta penduduk. Pasien dengan diabetes melitus memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami komplikasi salah satunya adalah abses limpa. Terkait kecenderungan terjadinya abses limpa pada penderita diabetes, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terhadap perubahan morfologi limpa pada kondidi DM dan membandingkannya dengan kondisi normal (kontrol). Metode: Desain penelitian ini murni eksperimental in vivo pada hewan coba mencit dengan dengan metode post study. Sebanyak 26 ekor mencit yang terbagi menjadi kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, kontrol pemberian EEDS dosis rendah, kontrol pemberiaan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (EEDS) dosis sedang, dan kontrol pemberian EEDS dosis tinggi diidentifikasi perubahan morfologi jaringan limpanya dengan mengamati jumlah pulpa alba, diameter pulpa alba, sentrum germinativum, diameter sentrum germinativum, dan megakariosit. Hasil: dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis sehingga menunjukkan perbedaan rerata yang tidak signifikan pada jumlah pulpa alba (P=0.337), diameter pulpa alba (P=0.701), sentrum germinativum(P=0.26), dan diameter sentrum germinatuvum (P=0.184) antar kelompok perlakuan mencit. Hasil analisis dengan uji Anova satu arah juga menunjukkan perbedaan rerata yang tidak signifikan pada megakariosit (P=0.146) antar kelompok perlakuan mencit. Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian EEDS dan perubahan morfologi jaringan limpa.

---

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that mostly occurs in Indonesian society, which is 10.7 million people. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of experiencing complications, one of which is a spleen abscess. Regarding the tendency of spleen abscesses in diabetics, this study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaves on spleen morphological changes in diabetes and to compare it with normal conditions (control).

Methods: The design of this study was purely experimental in vivo in mice with the post study method. A total of 26 mice which were divided into normal groups, negative control, positive control, control of low dose EEDS, control of moderate dose of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract (EEDS), and control of high dose EEDS, identified changes in spleen tissue morphology by observing the amount of pulp alba the diameter of the pulp alba, the centrum germinativum, the diameter of the centrum germinativum, and the megakaryocytes.

Results: analysis was carried out using the Kruskal Wallis test so that it showed insignificant mean differences in the number of pulp alba (P = 0.337), the diameter of the pulp alba (P = 0.701), the centrum germinativum (P = 0.26), and the diameter of the germinatuvum centrum (P = 0.184) between treatment groups of mice. The results of the analysis with the one-way Anova test also showed insignificant mean differences in megakaryocytes (P = 0.146) between treatment groups of mice.

Conclusion: there is no significant relationship between EEDS administration and changes in spleen tissue morphology."

"Latar Belakang : Tanpa kita sadari, peningkatan pemajanan medan elektromagnet (extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field / ELF) pada kehidupan manusia semakin meningkat. Kejadian tersebut terjadi karena seiring dengan berkembangnya informasi dan teknologi di seluruh dunia, penggunaan tenaga listrik di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, semakin meningkat. Fenomena ini tampak dari semakin banyaknya penggunaan alat-alat elektronik seperti hair dryer, oven, microwave, lemari es, televisi, komputer, dan sebagainya. Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyak kelainan pada tubuh kita, dan salah satunya adalah pengaruh terhadap sistem reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemajanan medan elektromagnet ELF dengan perubahan gambaran siklus estrus melalui mencit sebagai model.Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi eksperimental deskriptif dengan hewan coba. yang digunakan tediri dari 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok control dan perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 3 generasi. Penelitian ini membandingkan perubahan siklus estrus antara mencit kontrol dan perlakuan dari generasi satu sampai generasi tiga. Data perubahan siklus estrus mencit diperolah dengan melihat sediaan di bawah mikroskop cahaya.Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya efek pemajanan elektromagnet yang mengakibatkan perubahan siklus estrus, yaitu fase diestrus.

---

Background : Without realising it, the exposure of extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF) on human life is increasing rapidly. This is due to the fact that the development of information and technology around the world, including Indonesia, cause a continully increasing usage of electrical power. This phenomenon can be seen from the increasing usage of electrical devices such as hair dryer, oven, microwave, refrigerator, television, etc. This cause changes in our body and one of the changes effect on the reproduction system. This research aims to determine the relationship between ELFexposures on changes in estrous cycle through mice as model.

Methods : The design of this research was experimental descriptive study with laboratory animals. It used 6 groups which are group of control and treatment each consisting of 3 generations. It compares the change of estrous cycle between control and treatment mice from first generation to third generation. The change of estrous cycle data were obtained from observing the sample under light microscope.

Results : It was found that there was an electromagnetic radiation effect that can cause a change in estrous cycle, which was diestrous phase."

"Exremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) merupakan salah satu jenis radiasi non-ion yang dapat dihasilkan dari perangkat listrik rumah tangga atau alat komunikasi elektronik. Paparan ELF-EMF jangka panjang diduga mengganggu pelepasan hormon gonadotropin yang berperan dalam perkembangan dan pematangan folikel ovarium, terutama perkembangan folikel pre antral menjadi folikel antral ataupun folikel de Graaf. Oleh karena itu, melalui penelitian ini dapat diamati pengaruh paparan ELF-EMF dengan berbagai tegangan terhadap jumlah dan morfologi folikel de Graaf. Penelitian ini juga melihat apakah ada efek kumulatif pajanan medan elektromagnetik pada generasi-generasi selanjutnya. Dua belas pasang mencit strain Swiss Webster (P) dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok perlakuan 3 kV 5,5 μT, kelompok perlakuan 4 kV 5,4 μT, dan kelompok perlakuan 5 kV 5,3 μT. Perlakuan ini dilanjutkan dan diberikan pada mencit generasi pertama (F1), generasi kedua (F2), dan generasi ketiga (F3). Selanjutnya lima ekor mencit usia 2,5 bulan dari masing-masing kelompok perlakuan pada tiap generasi diperiksa ovariumnya untuk mengevaluasi jumlah dan morfologi folikel de Graaf. Uji hipotesis Kruskall-Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna jumlah folikel de Graaf (p=0,480) dan folikel atresia de Graaf (p=0,336) di antara kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pemajanan ELF-EMF tidak mempengaruhi jumlah dan morfologi folikel de Graaf mencit strain Swiss Webster serta tidak dijumpai efek kumulatif pemajanan pada generasi-generasi seterusnya.

---

Extremely low frequency- electromagnetic fields are categorized as non-ionising radiation which could be produced by electrical household appliances or communication devices. ELF-EMF long term exposure suggested can disturb releasing gonadotropine hormon (GnRH) which have a role in follicle development and maturation, especially pre antral follicle development. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field in varying frequencies on number and morphology of follicle de Graaf. This study also evaluate ELF-EMF cumulative effect on multiple generation (F1, F2, and F3). Twelve pairs mice strains Swiss Webster as parental mice (F0) were divided into four groups. One group as control and three other groups were exposed by magnetic field,which doses were 3kV 5,5μT, 4kV 5,4μT,and 5kV 5,3μT. These treatments were also given to first, second, and third generation. Five female mices aged 2,5 months from each first (F1), second (F2),and third (F3) generation on each groups were examined to evaluate number and morphology (atresia follicle) of de Graaf follicle from their ovarium. The hypothesis was tested using Kruskall-Wallis which show no significant difference between groups on follicle de Graaf number (p=0,480) and atresia follicle de Graaf (p=0,336). These results suggest ELF-EMF exposure don?t affect number and morphology of follicle de Graaf and there are no cumulative effect on multiple generation."

"ABSTRAKPeralatan elektrik rumah tangga merupakan bentuk Extremely Low Frequency - Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi aktivitashormonal siklus ovarium, termasuk folikulogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemajanan ELF-EMF dengan tegangan tertentu (kontrol, 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV) terhadap jumlah dan morfologi folikel primer, serta melihat ada tidaknya efek kumulatif antar-generasi (generasi pertama, kedua, dan ketiga).Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental pada mencit strain Swiss Webster. Mencit yang dietanasi akan diambil ovariumnya untuk dijadikan sampel penelitian. Sampel untuk tiap tegangan dan tiap generasi berjumlah sebanyak 5 buah, dengan total yang akan dianalisis sebanyak 60 sampel. Pada uji normalitas dengan Kolmogorov-smirnov, data yang terdistribusi normal (p 0,05) dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA, sedangkan data yang distribusinya tidak normal (p < 0,05) dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-wallis. Seluruh analisis data menunjukkan p 0,05, sehingga tidak dilanjutkan dengan analisis Post Hoc. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemajanan ELF-EMF pada berbagai tegangan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah dan morfologi folikel primer mencit, serta tidak terdapat efek kumulatif antar-generasi.

---

ABSTRACTHousehold electrical appliances is a form of Extremely Low Frequency -Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) that might impact on hormonal activity ofovarian cycle, including folliculogenesis. This study aimed to examine the effectof ELF-EMF exposure with a certain voltage (control, 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV) to thenumber and morphology of primary follicles, and see whether there is acumulative effect of inter-generation (first, second, and third generation). Themethod used is experimental on strain Swiss Webster mice. Executed mice?sovary will be taken for the research sample. Sample for each voltage and eachgeneration amounted to as much as 5 pieces, with a total of 60 samples will beanalyzed. In the test of normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, normallydistributed data (p
0.05) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, whileunnormally distributed data (p <0.05) were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.The entire analysis of the data showed p
0.05, so it is not followed by Post Hocanalysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure of ELF-EMF with certainvoltage does not affect the number and morphology of primary follicles of mice,and there is no cumulative effect of inter-generational.;Household electrical appliances is a form of Extremely Low Frequency -Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) that might impact on hormonal activity ofovarian cycle, including folliculogenesis. This study aimed to examine the effectof ELF-EMF exposure with a certain voltage (control, 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV) to thenumber and morphology of primary follicles, and see whether there is acumulative effect of inter-generation (first, second, and third generation). Themethod used is experimental on strain Swiss Webster mice. Executed mice?sovary will be taken for the research sample. Sample for each voltage and eachgeneration amounted to as much as 5 pieces, with a total of 60 samples will beanalyzed. In the test of normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, normallydistributed data (p
0.05) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, whileunnormally distributed data (p <0.05) were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.The entire analysis of the data showed p
0.05, so it is not followed by Post Hocanalysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure of ELF-EMF with certainvoltage does not affect the number and morphology of primary follicles of mice,and there is no cumulative effect of inter-generational.;Household electrical appliances is a form of Extremely Low Frequency -Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) that might impact on hormonal activity ofovarian cycle, including folliculogenesis. This study aimed to examine the effectof ELF-EMF exposure with a certain voltage (control, 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV) to thenumber and morphology of primary follicles, and see whether there is acumulative effect of inter-generation (first, second, and third generation). Themethod used is experimental on strain Swiss Webster mice. Executed mice?sovary will be taken for the research sample. Sample for each voltage and eachgeneration amounted to as much as 5 pieces, with a total of 60 samples will beanalyzed. In the test of normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, normallydistributed data (p
0.05) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, whileunnormally distributed data (p <0.05) were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.The entire analysis of the data showed p
0.05, so it is not followed by Post Hocanalysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure of ELF-EMF with certainvoltage does not affect the number and morphology of primary follicles of mice,and there is no cumulative effect of inter-generational.;Household electrical appliances is a form of Extremely Low Frequency -Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) that might impact on hormonal activity ofovarian cycle, including folliculogenesis. This study aimed to examine the effectof ELF-EMF exposure with a certain voltage (control, 3 kV, 4 kV, 5 kV) to thenumber and morphology of primary follicles, and see whether there is acumulative effect of inter-generation (first, second, and third generation). Themethod used is experimental on strain Swiss Webster mice. Executed mice?sovary will be taken for the research sample. Sample for each voltage and eachgeneration amounted to as much as 5 pieces, with a total of 60 samples will beanalyzed. In the test of normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, normallydistributed data (p
0.05) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, whileunnormally distributed data (p <0.05) were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.The entire analysis of the data showed p
0.05, so it is not followed by Post Hocanalysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure of ELF-EMF with certainvoltage does not affect the number and morphology of primary follicles of mice,and there is no cumulative effect of inter-generational."

"Energi listrik telah menjadi bagian yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia, terlebih lagi di zaman modern seperti saat ini, dimana dengan semakin meningkatnya perkembangan teknologi dan informasi, penggunaan alat elektrik rumah tangga yang diketahui merupakan sumber Extremely Low Frequency - Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) tidak dapat dielakkan lagi. Pemajanan ELFEMF dalam jangka panjang diketahui memiliki banyak dampak bagi kesehatan manusia, termasuk sistem reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh pajanan ELF-EMF terhadap jumlah dan morfologi folikel tersier ovarium mencit.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan mencit strain Webster sebagai hewan coba. Kelompok penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan merupakan kelompok mencit yang diberikan pajanan ELF-EMF dengan tegangan masing-masing 3 kV, 4 kV, dan 5 kV. Masing-masing kelompok tersebut akan diamati pada setiap generasi, mulai dari generasi pertama hingga ketiga. Kemudian sampel diambil dari setiap kelompok penelitian untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop.Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa terdapat penurunan jumlah folikel tersier yang bermakna pada generasi pertama dan ketigadi semua besar tegangan yang diberikan. Didapati juga peningkatan jumlah folikel tersier atresia yang bermakna pada generasi pertama dan generasi kedua di semua besar tegangan. Sedangkan efek akumulasi pajanan ELF-EMF terhadap jumlah dan morfologi folikel tersier belum dapat dibuktikan.

---

Electrical energy has become an important part of human life, especially in this modern society where the increasing development of information technology led to increase use of electrical appliances household that known as a source of Extremely Low Frequency - Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF). Prolonged exposure of ELF-EMF can cause many effects on human health, including reproductive system. This study aimed to examines the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on the number and morphology of ovarian tertiary follicles of mice.This research uses experimental methods with Webster strain mice as experimental animals. There are two research group, the control and the treatment group. Treatment group is the group of mice given exposure to ELF-EMF voltage of 3kV, 4kV and5 kV. Each group will be observed from the first to the third generation. Then the samples were taken from each study group to be observed under a microscope.The result shows that there is a significant decreasing number of tertiary follicles in the first and third generation for all of the voltage. There is also an significant increasing number of tertiary follicle atresia in the first and second generation for all of the voltage. While the cumulative effects of exposure to ELF-EMF and the number of tertiary follicles morphology has not been proven."