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"Background: overactive bladder (OAB) affects 17-41% older adults in community dwelled setting. For several years, antimuscarinics have been validated as the first-line medical treatment for OAB. Despite abundant data obtained from clinical trials provisions the use of antimuscarinics, investigation about the effect of this drug on cognitive function in elderly remains scarce. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of antimuscarinics therapy on cognitive functions in OAB geriatric patients. Methods: this study design is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies were collected using several search engines; those were PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost using predetermined MeSH keywords with Boolean operators. Selection of studies was done by three reviewers. Studies which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent full-text review. For every selected full text, we extracted the following data if available: patients demographics, types of antimuscarinics used, placebo, dose, follow-up period, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) total score. Results: a total of 8 studies from an initial 146 publications were selected. There were 8 antimuscarinic agents evaluated in the studies, including Oxybutynin, Darifenacin, Tolterodine, Trospium, Imidafenacin, Propiverine hydrochloride, Fesoterodine, and Solifenacin. Oxybutynin was shown to have largest effect towards the decline of MMSE score [Mean difference: -2.90; 95% CI: -4.07, -1.73]. Darifenacin and Tolterodine were also shown to be significant in the decline of total MMSE score, although still inferior to Oxybutynin. Conclusion: the use of most antimuscarinics medication has little to no effect towards the cognitive function in the management of overactive bladder in elderly patients. However, Oxybutynin, Darifenacin, and Tolterodine was shown to have significant decrease in cognitive functions, as shown in the decline of total MMSE score."

"Penilaian moral terhadap hewan, mengharuskan penelusuran kembali metafisis moral, yang merupakan reason dari manusia. Moral adalah fitur yang dimiliki manusia sebagai pendoman atas baik-buruk, benar-salah, etis-tidak etisnya tindakan manusia, yang merupakan bagian dari kesadaran manusia terhadap kediriannya serta nilai-nilai kebaikan. Moral merupakan faktor utama yang membentuk distingsi manusia dan hewan, dan menjadikan penilaian akan moral itu sendiri berbeda antara dengan manusia sebagai moral being, dan hewan non-moral being. Penilaian etis terhadap manusia, mewajibkan pelandasan penilaian tersebut pada hukum moral, yang terbentuk atas dialog dan persetujuan yang dilakukan moral being. Berbeda dengan penilaian etis terhadap hewan, hukum moral tidak dapat dihadirkan, akibat hewan memiliki keterbatasan yang lebih dalam kemampuan kongnitifnya, hingga tidak dapat menyuarakan kediriannya dalam dialog moral. Sehingga penilaian kita terhadap hewan hanya dapat dihubungkan dengan komponen-komponen perasaan moral yaitu virtue, simpati, dan piety. Dan perasaan moral tersebut akan merujuk kembali pada faktor-faktor kekerabatan spesies dan kesamaan-kesamaan yang dimiliki. Penilaian etis terhadap hewan merupakan hal yang sifatnya partikular, dan tetap mengharuskan adanya pendekatan berdasarkan kepentingan yang juga dimiliki hewan.

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A moral judgment on animal, require us to trace back the metaphysics of moral which act as man's reason. Morale is man's features that act as a guidance on the good-bad, right-wrong, ethical-non-ethical of human's behavior. It is a part of human‟s consciousness of its being and its virtue. Morale is the main factor that distinct man and animal, and therefore the moral judgment itself differ between man as a moral being and animal as a non-moral being. An ethical judgment on man requires a foundation on moral law that is formed from a dialog and agreement done between moral beings. In ethical judgment on animal, we can‟t bring moral law as its foundation for animal have a limitation on its cognitive abilities; therefore, it can‟t express itself as a being in a moral dialog. In making a judgment on animal, we can only connect by components of moral sentiment, which are virtue, sympathy, and piety, and those moral sentiments will refer back on its species relation factor and the similarities they share. An ethical judgment on animal is of particular nature, and still requires an approach based on an interest that is also owned by animals.;A moral judgment on animal, require us to trace back the metaphysics of moral which act as man's reason. Morale is man's features that act as a guidance on the good-bad, right-wrong, ethical-non-ethical of human's behavior. It is a part of human‟s consciousness of its being and its virtue. Morale is the main factor that distinct man and animal, and therefore the moral judgment itself differ between man as a moral being and animal as a non-moral being. An ethical judgment on man requires a foundation on moral law that is formed from a dialog and agreement done between moral beings. In ethical judgment on animal, we can‟t bring moral law as its foundation for animal have a limitation on its cognitive abilities; therefore, it can‟t express itself as a being in a moral dialog. In making a judgment on animal, we can only connect by components of moral sentiment, which are virtue, sympathy, and piety, and those moral sentiments will refer back on its species relation factor and the similarities they share. An ethical judgment on animal is of particular nature, and still requires an approach based on

an interest that is also owned by animals."

"Pengelolaan obat LASA penting dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan risiko tingkat kesalahan pengambilan obat. Dalam melakukan penyimpanan terhadap obat-obat LASA, dapat digunakan Tall Man lettering untuk menekankan perbedaan pada obat yang memililki nama atau pengucapan suara yang sama. Tall Man lettering digunakan pada penulisan nama obat untuk menyoroti bagian perbedaan utamanya dan membantu membedakan nama-nama yang mirip. Sistem penyimpanan obat di Puskesmas Ciracas sudah memenuhi ketentuan penyimpanan obat LASA sesuai dengan Permenkes RI dan menerapkan metode Tall Man lettering pada obat LASA dengan baik.

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Management of LASA drugs is important as an effort to reduce the risk of drug taking errors. In storing LASA drugs, Tall Man lettering can be used to emphasize differences in drugs that have the same name or sound pronunciation. Tall Man lettering is used in writing drug names to highlight their main differences and help distinguish similar names. The drug storage system at the Ciracas Health Center complies with the provisions for storing LASA drugs in accordance with the Indonesian Minister of Health and applies the Tall Man lettering method to LASA drugs properly."