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"There is no general agreemnet among sholars in the degree of decentralization in a certain country. There is also disagreement whether unitary states tend to be more centralized while federal states are likely more decentralized. Yet, comparing unitary and federal states in implementing decentralization and its variants is always interesting. This paper elaborates the nature of unitary and federal states, then explores some practical aspects on the implementation of nature of unitary in each type of state."

"The existence of college in the country is very strategic. college has provided contributive role to the development and sustainable government. the future generation will be born from there. the generation which is capable of moving wheels of government and development. therefore, policy for development will be very important, besides the consistency of policy implementation and continous evaluation"

"Profesi apoteker memiliki peran penting dalam pekerjaan kefarmasian. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka menjadi seorang apoteker profesional adalah melalui praktik kefarmasian secara langsung. Maka dari itu, praktik kerja profesi diperlukan sebagai bekal dan pengalaman bagi calon apoteker untuk memahami peran dan meningkatkan kompetensi sebelum memasuki dunia kerja. Praktk Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) dilaksananakn di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia periode Januari–Februari 2022, Puskesmas Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama periode Maret 2022, dan Apotek Kimia Farma 143 Depok periode Mei 2022. Melalui proses PKPA di rumah sakit, puskesmas, dan apotek tersebut, calon apoteker diharapkan mampu memperoleh wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilamn, dan pengalaman yang sesuai untuk melakukan pekerjaan di bidang kefarmasian.

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Pharmacists have an important role in pharmacy practice. One of important things that can be done to become a professional pharmacist is by participating in pharmacy practice directly. Therefore, professional practice are required as a provision and experience to understand the role of pharmacist and enhance competency before entering the working field. The Professional Practices of Pharmacist held at Universitas Indonesia Hospital for the period of January–February 2022, Kebayoran Lama Public Health Center for the March 2022 period, and Apotek Kimia Farma 143 Depok for May 2022 period. Through the professional practice in the hospital, public health center, and pharmacy; prospective pharmacist are expected to be able to gain as much insights, knowledge, sklils, and experiences to perform pharmacy practice in the pharmaceutical field."

"Kepala ruangan mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk mengontrol kegiatan keperawatan di ruangan. Oleh karena itu kepala ruangan seharusnya memiliki kompetensi yang baik Studi ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan cross sectional dimana tuiuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali dan mengidentifikasi faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan termasuk karakteristik individu dan organisasi.Pengumpulan data dilakukan di 7 rumah sakit di wilayah Tangerang dengan responden 74 kepala ruangan. Setelah mendapat izin dari rumah sakit, responden diberikan kuesioner untuk diisi.Analisa Chi Square digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan. Uji regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan dan analisa multivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan antara karakteristik organisasi dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara uraian tugas, struktur organisasi dan kebijakan organisasi dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan dengan P < 0,05. Sementara karakteristik individual tidak berhubungan dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan dengan P > 0,05. Faktor yang dominan berhubungan dengan kemampuan kepala ruangan adalah jenis kelamin dan struktur organisasi.

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Factors that Associated with the Competency of Nursing Unit Managers in Hospitals in Tangerang Nursing unit manager as lower managers have responsibility to control nursing activities in the ward. Therefore lower managers should have a good competency. This study is quantitative study with cross sectional design that has been cultivated, to explore and to identify factors associated with competency of nursing unit managers including individuals and organizational characteristics.

Analysis of this study consisted of univariat, bivariat and multivariat. This research use categorical data in independent and dependent variables. Therefore bivariat analysis was Chi - Square and logistic regression as multivariate analysis.

Some of variables has been tested, included of individual `s factors, such as: age, sex, leng of work, formal education, marital status; and organization's characteristic, such as: job description; organization structure, organizational roles and resources. The results have shown the relationship between organization's characteristic with competency of nursing unit managers. From independent variables that have tested by Chi-Square, its just 3 variables have associated with the competency of nursing unit managers; they are job description, organization structure and organizational policy with P-Value - less than 0,05. Meanwhile individual's characteristic has not associated with the competency of nursing unit managers. The factors that have dominant associated with the competency of nursing unit managers were sex and organizational structure. Hopefully this result could use in chosen nursing unit managers."

"Latar Belakang : Praktik kedokteran gigi ternyata memberikan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan sekitar. Saat ini sudah ada konsep praktik kedokteran gigi yang lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu green dentistry. Belum terdapat studi yang memberikan gambaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan dokter gigi di Jakarta untuk mengadopsi konsep green dentistry. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan dokter gigi di Jakarta dalam mengadopsi konsep green dentistry dalam praktik sehari-hari. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional menggunakan teknik proportional quota sampling. Dokter gigi dari 5 wilayah di DKI Jakarta berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti menggunakan kuesioner penelitian yang terbagi menjadi beberapa domain yaitu kesediaan, kategori pengadopsi, pengetahuan, sikap, praktik, serta faktor adopsi inovasi. Hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis menggunakan uji beda proporsi chi square, continuity correction test, fisher’s exact test serta uji korelasi spearman’s rho dan kendall’s tau b pada perangkat lunak IBM SPSS Statistik. Hasil Penelitian : Jumlah responden penelitian ini mencapai 210 dokter gigi di Jakarta. Terdapat 54,3% responden yang belum pernah mendengar istilah green dentistry dan hanya 2,9% yang sudah mengikuti pelatihan. Berdasarkan kategorisasi dokter gigi di Jakarta menurut teori difusi inovasi, terdapat 1% kelompok inovator, 28% pengadopsi awal, 44,3% mayoritas awal, 20,5% mayoritas akhir, dan 6.2% laggards. 75.2% dokter gigi telah memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi, 54,3% sikap positif, dan 35,7% responden cukup mempraktikkan konsep green dentistry. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kesediaan kecuali persepsi (mendengar istilah). Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, praktik, dan faktor adopsi inovasi dengan kesediaan. Terdapat hubungan antara kategori pengadopsi dan sikap dengan kesediaan. Terdapat hubungan antara faktor pengaruh adopsi inovasi dengan praktik serta hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik dokter gigi di Jakarta tentang konsep green dentistry.

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Backgrounds: Dental practice has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Currently, there is a concept of dental practice that is more environmentally friendly, namely green dentistry. There are no studies that provide an overview of the factors affecting willingness of dentists in Jakarta to adopt the concept of green dentistry. Objective: This study aims to describe the factors affecting willingness of dentists in Jakarta to adopt the concept of green dentistry in daily practice. Methods: This research is a cross sectional study using proportional quota sampling technique. Dentists from 5 regions in DKI Jakarta participated in this study. Researcher used a research questionnaire which was divided into several domains, namely willingness, adopter categories, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and innovation adoption factors. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the chi square difference test, continuity correction test, fisher's exact test and spearman's rho and kendall's tau b correlation tests on IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: The number of respondents in this study reached 210 dentists in Jakarta. There were 54.3% of respondents who had never heard the term green dentistry and only 2.9% who had attended training. Based on the categorization of dentists in Jakarta according to the theory of diffusion of innovation, there are 1% innovator group, 28% early adopters, 44.3% early majority, 20.5% late majority, and 6.2% laggards. 75.2% of dentists already have high knowledge of dentistry, 54.3% had a positive attitude, and 35.7% of respondents moderately practiced the concept of green dentistry. Conclusion: There is no relationship between respondent characteristics and willingness except perception (hearing the term). There is no relationship between the level of knowledge, practice, and innovation adoption factors with willingness. There is a relationship between adopter category and attitude with willingness. There is a relationship between the innovation adoption factors and practice and there is relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in Jakarta about the concept of green dentistry."