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"The hydrogenolysis and isomerization of methyloxirane and cis- and trans-2,3-dimethyloxirane were studied on Pt, Pd, and Ni catalysts in static and pulse microreactors. On Pt and Pd catalysts, considerable differences could be demonstrated between the rates of transformation of the cis and trans isomers, whereas on Ni catalyst there was scarcely any difference. It may be assumed that in the transformation of the trans isomer on Pt and Pd catalysts the rate-determining step is the formation of the 1,3-diadsorbed surface species; on the Ni catalyst, however, as in the case of 2-methyloxirane and the cis isomer on any of the three catalysts, the rate-determining step is the further reaction of the adsorbed surface species. The results obtained by the pulse reaction technique are indicative of the irreversible adsorption of the reactants. Besides contributing to the clarification of the mechanisms and stereochemistry of the reactions examined, the data obtained give a possibility for the explanation of the fundamental differences in regioselectivity on the Pt, Pd, and Ni catalysts. On Pt and Pd catalysts, the mechanism of formation of 1,3-diadsorbed surface species differs from the mechanism obtained on Ni catalyst."

"Benzaldehida merupakan senyawa organik yang banyak digunakan sebagai senyawa antara dalam industri farmasi, parfum, pewarna, dan makanan. Dalam mensintesis benzaldehida, oksidasi toluena pada fasa cair dengan katalis merupakan metode yang mudah dan efektif untuk dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini disintesis katalis TiO2 nanosheets dan TiO2 nanorods dengan metode hidrotermal, kemudian diimpregnasi oleh logam Cu menjadi Cu/TiO2 nanosheets dan Cu/TiO2 nanorods dengan metode sol-immobilisasi. Katalis yang disintesis kemudian diuji performanya untuk oksidasi selektif toluena menjadi benzaldehida. TiO2 nanosheets memiliki performa katalis terbaik dalam menghasilkan konversi toluena sebesar 63,40% dan Cu/TiO2 nanosheets memiliki performa katalis terbaik dalam mengasilkan selektivitas benzaldehida sebesar 18,33%. Katalis yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Spektroskopi Raman, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), dan Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Kadar hasil oksidasi diukur menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC).

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Benzaldehyde is an organic compound that is widely used as an intermediate compound in the pharmaceutical, perfume, dye, and food industries. In synthesizing benzaldehyde, oxidation of toluene in the liquid phase with a catalyst is an easy and effective method to do. In this research, TiO2 nanosheets and TiO2 nanorods were synthesized using hydrothermal method, then followed by impregnation of Cu metal to form Cu/TiO2 nanosheets and Cu/TiO2 nanorods using the sol-immobilization method. The catalysts was carried out for the selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde. TiO2 nanosheets has the best catalyst performance in producing toluene conversion of 63,40% and Cu/TiO2 nanosheets has the best catalyst performance in producing benzaldehyde selectivity of 18,33%. The formed catalysts were characterized using using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Oxidation product levels were measured using Gas Chromatography (GC)."