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Balkan conflict caused by the dissolution of Sosialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1990 which brought about various conflicts both inter-states or interenal conflicts among states of fomrer Yugoslavia. As a region which is contiguous directly to European Union (EU), the existing conflicts in Balkan could influence political stability and security that is developed by EU as "an area of jreedom, security and justice". The solution effort of Balkan conflicts carried out by EU as one of its ideas materialization to unifly Europe in one solid and strong institution European Union.

EU?s policy in solving the conflicts in Balkan region mentioned in Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), namely (i) strengthening "security building" as an effort to prevent conflict and enforcing regional stability by facilitating peaceful and constitutional agreements both through diplomacy or sending peace-keeping forces; and (ii) strengthening ?ins!itution building" or development economic aids with a view to creating an efficient policy-making in line with EU?s standards, with laying agenda of pre-access Balkan region into EU.

It is undeniable that the susceptibility of Balkan region mainly caused by its brittleness of political situation owing to the fall of communism which ended the cold war in 1990 and hardening the existed ethnic conflicts in the region. Dark history of inter-ethnic conflicts brought about by the existing copious ethnicities nationalism led to tragedy of ?ethnic cleansing" in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovia by Yugoslav ruler. lt was depicting how strong the situation and condition with nuance of "ethnopolirics " in Balkan region.

At the outset, EU regarded that the Balkan conflicts as domestic regional problem which may solved by its own region. However, for the sake of regional stability and security, EU was urged to take part more actively in the solution of Balkan conflict. Through CFSP, EU was demanded to be able to settle Balkan conflicts comprehensively through ?secw-ity and development? (soft politics) and ?de_nends? (hard politics) policies. Notwithstanding, the solution of various conflicts faced by Balkan states still leit problems which any time can come up and become new conflicts that EU will cope with the future."

"Europe's attempts to be able to be more independent on security and defense areas have been started since it tried to create EDC 1950's as the first security cooperation. Though EDC was never formally conceived, Europe has continued its efforts to develop cooperations in security and defense areas. Fouchet Plan, EPC, SEA and CFSP are several examples of its efforts attempted to be independent in these areas. CFSP is one of Europe's greatest innovations in strengtening these efforts. Specific articles in Treaty of Maastricht and Treaty of Amsterdam state that CFSP is the guidelines of mapping Europe's common security policy that will lead to common defense. What is stated by the articles is ambiguous as Europe up to now is still dependent on NATO/the US and will continously do so, in contrary Europe has EU/WEU which has been determined as an organization that will implement EU's defense policies.

This thesis tries to find out which security organization Europe will later use as its main security instrument and whether Europe actually aims at common defense or merely at common defense policy. This thesis concludes that EU will combine the usage of EU/WEU and NATO. NATO will remain to be Europe's military defense organization and EU/WEU will develop to be the organization that will ensure the security of Europe. This is a fact of the attainment of common defense policy in regard that the formation of European Army, as a form of common defense, is not viable. The establishment of a common defense requires radical adaptations and changes, for instance, EU has to construct the Europe's Ministry of Defense, European Minister of Defense and European Army. CFSP/ESDP will continue to develop and to determine resolutions on Europe's security cooperations. As long as the three EU core states (England, Germany and France) maintains diverse perpectives on common security and defense concepts, Europe will remain dependent on those two organizations (EU/WEU and NATO)."

"This article attempts to identify and asses the weaknesses of the CFSP that have been inherently implicated in substantive and institutional limitations. Critical analysis on this particular issue becomes increasingly important, since the discourse on the CFSP in Indonesia is not well developed in the way that the very nature of the CFSP and its complexities are not properly understood. Having said that this article is particularly aimed at contributing to the development of the discourse on the CFSP in Indonesia. In analyzing this issue,it confines itself to the theoretical views assumed by realists because they would appropriately divulge and address the weaknesses of the CFSP. It also argues that the EU member states, despite their apparent enthusiasm for developing a truly CFSP, are reluctant to fully give up their national sovereignty over foreign and security policy. Since the CFSP can be only seen as reflection of the interests or EU Member States,it is very difficult to put any limits on the foreign policy initiatives of the member states, to shape their interests or bring them to stick to the common framework .In conclusion,this article suggests that all of these weaknesses are the underlying causes of the incapability of the EU to match today's global challenge."

"Tesis ini bertujuan menganalisis mengenai pertanyaan penelitian, mengapa Benelux melakukan kerjasama keamanan untuk memperkuat Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Uni Eropa'Bagaimana Benelux mendukung kebijakan Uni Eropa dalam merespons perang Rusia-Ukraina (2014-2022), serta pendekatan apa yang dilakukan Benelux untuk itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan deskriptif analitik dengan menganalisis data-data yang bersumber dari data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat level analisis teori Regional Security Complex oleh Barry Buzan dan menggunakan konsep keamanan kooperatif di tiap tingkat analisis tersebut. Temuan penelitian ini, Benelux dalam mendukung CFSP Uni Eropa dalam merespons perang Rusia-Ukraina belum kolektif secara institusional. Faktor kepentingan domestik Benelux tetap menjadi pertimbangan masing-masing negara. Selain itu ketergantungan Benelux terhadap Uni Eropa sebagai suatu kekuatan, sangat penting dalam menjaga stabilitas keamanan Benelux.

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This thesis aims to analyze the research question, why is the Benelux conducting security cooperation to strengthen the EU CFSP? How the Benelux supported the EU's policy in response to the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014-2022), as well as what approach the Benelux took to it. This research uses a qualitative method with descriptive analytics by analyzing data sourced from secondary data. This study used four levels of analysis of the theory of the Regional Security Complex by Barry Buzan and used the concept of cooperative security at each level of analysis. The findings of this study, the Benelux in supporting the EU CFSP in responding to the Russian-Ukrainian war have not been institutionally collective. The factor of domestic interests of the Benelux remains the consideration of each country. In addition, the Benelux's dependence on the European Union as a power, is very important in maintaining the security stability of the Benelux."

"Saat ini perkembangan CFSP bergerak Iambat. CFSP dibentuk oleh Uni Eropa untuk menghadapi tantangan regional dan global, serta berbagai ancaman. Seiring dengan itu, UE juga membentuk European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) pada tahun 1999. Kenyataannya, ESDP dan CFSP saling terkait sebagai pendekatan keamanan Eropa menghadapi berbagai masalah keamanan di kawasan UE. Dalam artikel ini, penulis berpendapat bahwa CSFP dan EDSP sangatlah penting dan harus menjadi kerangka kerja yang utuh bagi UE karena (1) UE telah menjelma menjadi aktor global. UE harus memiliki CFSP yang komprehensif untuk memainkan peran penting sebagai kekuatan yang harus dilatih dan diperkuat oleh kemampuan pertahan di era politik global, (2) CFSP harus meliputi agenda keamanan UE dan ESDP mencerminkan agenda pertahanan UE, dan (3) UE rnemiliki peran penting, peran global dalam menghadapi isu perdamaian dan keamanan. CFSP merupakan pendekatan yang efektif bagi UE dalam mernainkan peran tersebut."

"The economic in European Union can be achieved if the problems found in transportations sector can be solved. The problems come ini the forms of gap links, the imbalance of transportation model and the differences in transportation systems and regulations among European Union member countries. Principally, the problems in this sector have been solved by the establishment of Common Transport Policy (CTP) in 1992 and 2001. However, the implementations of the programmers on the CTP progress slowly. This situation happens because most of member countries still hold on to their national interests. While at the same time the transportation sector is critical for the economic development of the European Union, as this sector as a facilitator and contributor for the creation of the Single European Market. Consequently, member countries should view the urgency to solve the transportation problems by releasing their national interests and realizing the necessity for the European Union as a whole."