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"Rumusan masalah yang dipaparkan dalam penelitian ini adalah masih kurangnya efisiensi pemakaian air irigasi, sehingga memerlukan peningkatan peran P3A daJam pengelolaan irigasi di daerah irigasi Telagasari. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran P3A, menganalisis distribusi air irigasi yang terkait kinetja PlA, menganalisis tingkat peran P3A terhadap kondisi jarlngan irigasi, dan mengidentifikasi upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan peran P3A. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di daereh irigasi Telagasari, tepatnya di Keeamatan Telagasari. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A) yang bermukim di Keeamatan Telagasari yang terpilih sebagai sampel penelitian. Penetapan jumlah sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan analisis data yang dikumpulkan di wilayuh Keearnatan Telagasari, Kabepaten Karawang terlihat buhwa pemakaian air irigasi di petak tersier menunjukkan efisiensi yang masih rendah, sekitar 60 %, sehingga memberlkan ruang untuk dilakukannya upaya-upnya peningkatan efisiensi.Di sisi lain, basil analisis mengenal peran P3A menunjukkas adanya tingkat peran renduh. Hal ini terlihat dati basil analisis pada 47 P3A sebegal berikut: P3A dengan tingkat peran renduh 72,34% sebanyak 34, P3A dengan tingkat peran sedang 23,4% sebenyak II, dan P3A dengan tingkat peran tinggi 4,26% sebanyak 2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, maka dapat disimpulkan buhwa tingkat peran P3A.

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The discussed issues in this research is the lack of efficiency in irrigation water use, which urge the upgrade of P3A role di Telagasari irrigation area. The special goals of this research is to identify the factors affecting P3A role, analyzing the P3A role on irrigation network conditions, and identifying the possible effort to upgrade P3A role. The research is approached by a quasi qualitative analysis. The research is conducted in Telaga.sari irrigation area, located in Telagasari sub district. The respondent were the water user former community who lives in Telagasari sub district, which is selected as research sample. Sample quanlity is defined by purposive sampling method base on inclussion criteria.

Based on the observation and data analysis accumulated from Kecamatan Telagasari., Kabupaten Karawang, it shows the low efficiency of the irrigation water use in tertiary blocks around 60 %. and hence the effort to increase the efficiency are still possible. In the other hand. The analysis shows a dominant trend of inferior role of P3A. This appearance is defined from the analysis of 47 ofP3A, where 72.34% ofP3A has an iliferior rok, 23.40% ofP3A has a medium role, and only 4.26 % of P3A has a superior role. Considering this analysis, it is concluded that P3A role in Kecamatan Telagasari is in ir!foriiJr level. For this reason, the training for P3A is required as an effort to upgrade the role of P3A?"

"Tesis ini membahas kebijakan pemberdayaan Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A) di DI Way Pematang I, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan yang dilaksanakan melalui proyek Participatory Irrigation Sector Project (PISP) yang didanai oleh pinjaman luar negeri dari Asian Development Bank (ADB). Tujuan penelitian yang akan dicapai adalah menganalisa kesesuaian antara desain pemberdayaan P3A yang dijalankan pemerintah daerah dalam proyek PISP dengan kondisi masyarakat DI Way Pematang I. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa deskriptif kualitatif dengan menyarikan jawaban hasil wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti kepada responden. Dengan metode ini diharapkan informasi yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi yang terjadi serta implikasi pemberdayaan yang dilakukan dapat diperoleh secara akurat dan komprehensif. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa desain pemberdayaan P3A yang dijalankan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan belum sesuai dengan kondisi DI Way Pematang I, dan belum sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah tersebut karena keterbatasan dana. Rekomendasi yang disarankan dalam penelitian adalah peningkatan alokasi dana pemeliharaan dan rehabilitasi jaringan irigasi, serta pemberdayaan P3A melalui optimalisasi pendapatan daerah pada sektor perpajakan dengan adanya desentralisasi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan sektor Pedesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2). Selain itu, Pemerintah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan juga perlu melakukan upaya pengaktifan kembali organisasi P3A di DI Way Pematang I, penanaman pemahaman kembali kepada masyarakat petani akan pentingnya organisasi P3A dengan menggunakan media pendidikan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat setempat, dan peningkatan sistem monitoring dan evaluasi atas pelaksanan kegiatan pemberdayaan P3A didaerahnya.

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This thesis discusses the policy analysis on the empowerment of Water Users Association (WUA) in Way Pematang I Irrigation Area, South Lampung, which is implemented through Participatory Irrigation Sector Project (PISP) funded by foreign loan from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of WUA empowerment policy design that has been practiced by the local government with the condition of community in Way Pematang I Irrigation Area, South Lampung District.

This research uses qualitative descriptive analysis method to summarize the interviews conducted by reashercer to the respondents. With such method, it is expected that the data and informations can be obtained accurately and comprehensively.

From the results of this study, it was concluded that the policy design which has been executed by the local government does not conform to the conditions of community in Way Pematang I Irrigation Area. Researcher also found that the local government did not carry out all the empowerment activities in this irrigation area due to limited budget.

Researcher suggests problem on local budget constraint can be overcome by optimizing revenue through taxation sector on decentralization of local property tax. WUA’s management needs to be reactivated to run the WUA organization. Moreover, local government should increase the understanding of the farmers on the importance of WUA organization, using the media which is suitable by the condition of local community. Local government also needs to escalate the monitoring and evaluation system on the empowerment activities."

"Pemerintah telah menetapkan kebijaksanaan untuk menyerahkan jaringan irigasi kecil dibawah 500 ha kepada perkumpulan petani pemakai air (P3A). Pelaksanaan kegiatan penyerahan irigasi kecil selain dimaksudkan untuk memberikan tanggung jawab yang lebih besar kepada P3A dalam mengelola jaringan irigasi juga untuk mengurangi beban biaya pemerintah pada sub sektor irigasi. Tulisan ini mengkaji sampai sejauh mana keberhasilan pengelolaan irigasi kecil yang dilaksanakan oleh P3A pasca penyerahan. Jaringan irigasi sampel yang dilakukan di DI Cinangka II dan DI Cipanumbangan, Jawa Barat. Sejumlah analisis yang dilakukan adalah : (i) Kemampuan teknis dan finansial P3A dalam pengelolaan O&P menghasilkan kinerja efisien, efektif dan memuaskan anggotanya. (ii) Analisis NPW, IRR dan B/C bila pelaksanaan O&P dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan P3A menghasilkan nilai NPW Rp 7.160.813, IRR 41,93% .sId 42,64% dan B/C 3,92-3,99 sehingga kegiatan tersebut layak diberi prioritas utama. Bilamana pola tanam diganti dengan yang mempunyai penghasilan yang lebih baik (bawang putih) maka menghasilkan IRR 73,33% s/d 151,07% dan BIC 8,91 s/d 29,87. (iii) Analisis konstruksi dan O&P dilakukan oleh investor hasilnya P3A dapat mengembalikan dana pinjaman. (iv) Analisis regresi dengan memasukkan faktor infasi (4 model) hasilnya 1. LY = 1,824 + LX2, 2. LY = 0,881 + LXI, 3. LY = 0,786 + LXI, 4. LY = 0,498 + LXI, dan analisis regresi dengan memasukkan faktor rate US $ hasilnya LY 1,824 + LX2. Dimana X1 adalah faktor konstruksi dan X2 faktor O&P. Seluruh model menghasilkan Y (benefit) yang positif.

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The Government has implemented the policy of handing over of small irrigation schemes (below 500 ha) to Water User Associations (WUAs or P3As). Implementation of handing over activities in addition to giving more authority to WUAs/P3As in water management of schemes also helping reducing the Government burden of funding for irrigation sub-sector.

This paper analyses howfar the success of WUAsIP3As succeeded in the irrigation management following the hand over. The schemes that have been taken up for sample analysis are DI Cinangka II and DI Cipanumbangan in West Java. The following analysis have been carried out: (i) The technical and financial abilities of WUAs/P3As in carrying out operation and maintenance (O& M/ O&P) in efficient and effective manner to satisfy the board members. (ii) Economic and financial analysis such as NPW, IRR and BIC in the case of operation and maintenance of the scheme carried out by the Government and WUAs/P3As resulted in NPW of Rp. 7,160,813. IRR of 41.93% upto 42.64% and BIC of 3.92 upto 3.99. Thus the activity of operation and maintenance by WUAs/P3As can be given forst priority. If the paddy is replaeed by crop which has more income than paddy say garlic resueted in an IRR of 73.33% upto 151.07% and BIC of 8.91 upto 29.87. (iii) Loan repayment capability of WUAs/P3A based on the investor point of view on construction, operation and maintenance, proved to be feasible. (iv) Regression analysis using inflation factor (4 models) resulted in 1. LY =1.824 + LX2, 2. LY = 0.881 + LX1, 3. LY = 0.786 + LXI 4. LY = 0.498 + LXI, and the regression analysis by considering the effect of exchange rate factor of USA resulted in LY = 1.824 + LX2.

Where XI is construction factor and X2 in O&M factor. All the above 4 (four) methods have shown profitable and positive results."

"Bagi masyarakat awam pada umumnya kurang mengenal tentang P3A singkatan dari Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air. Demikian pula di kalangan petani. Namun bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Kulon Progo, P3A ternyata sudah dikenal. P3A bisa dikatakan organisasi petani yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah melalui kebijakan yakni Instruksi Presiden Nomor 2 tahun 1984. Karena dibentuk pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru, maka kesan `adanya keseragaman' masih melekat. Kesan ini terbukti pada anggaran dasar dan anggaran rumah tangganya. Hal lain yang menonjol pada P3A adalah berasaskan Pancasila di setiap daerah yang terdapat tanaman padi baik di Pulau Jawa maupun luar Pulau Jawa.Penelitian ini tidak bermaksud menggugat keberadaan organisasi tersebut yang notabene sudah terbentuk, khususnya di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Melainkan ingin mengidentifikasi, mengenali, dan mengetahui keberhasilan maupun kegagalannya setelah diberdayakan. Istilah yang lazim dipakai bagi P3A adalah sudah berkembang, sedang berkembang, atau belum berkembang? Berdasarkan penelitian yang menelusuri faktor kesejarahannya, maka teridentifikasi tiga unsur yakni kelembagaan P3A kurang dinamis, pengetahuan tentang teknis operasi dan pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi kurang menguasai, dan iuran air/anggota kurang lancar. Dari ketiga unsur inilah pemerintah berupaya memberdayakan P3A melalui Tim Pendamping Petani/TPP dan pelatihan-pelatihan.Tujuan pemberdayaan antara lain agar organisasi P3A yang sudah berbadan hukum merasa kuat, sehingga posisinya sama seperti perusahaan-perusahaan lain. Dari segi teknis agar P3A mampu mengelola jaringan irigasi, meskipun hanya pada taraf jaringan sekunder atau tersier. Berbadan hukum di sini berarti organisasinya legal, diakui keberadaannya oleh aparat maupun masyarakat.Sehingga ke depan mempunyai bargaining position terhadap pihak-pihak yang ingin bekerjasama dengan P3A. Kecuali itu P3A diwajibkan memiliki nomor rekening sendiri untuk menyimpan uang hibah, bantuan dari Pemerintah/Pemda, dan hasil iuran para anggotanya. Ketiga kekuatan seperti organisasi, teknis, dan keuangan inilah diharapkan P3A mampu mengelola dirinya sendiri, organisasinya, dan lingkungannya untuk menuju pada pembangunan secara berkelanjutan yang pada akhimya kegiatan-kegiatan P3A merupakan ketahanan bagi daerahnya. Apalagi Kabupaten Kulon Progo memiliki 228 P3A unit yang sangat memungkinkan untuk melakukannya.

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The term of P3A, stands for Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (Water User Association/WUA) is not well-known by people in general, even by farmers themselves as the relevant parties. However, we can find different view in Kulon Progo district, where the people have reached eligible understandings on the P3A. The association was initiatialy established by the central government under Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 1984. As it was established in the era of the New Order (Orde Baru) with top-down approach, the impression of "uniformity" is unavoidable, as figure out in the Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga (AD/ART) the management adopted.

Besides, it is in general for any WUA with paddy field -both inside and outside Java Island- to adopt the Pancasila as their organizational ideological base.

This research is not aimed to argue the existence of the established organization, especially in Kulon Progo District. It is mainly intended to identify, comprehend, and find out the successes and failures of the organization after implementation for operational review purposes. With respect to performance of the organization, terminology of developed, developing and under develop is commonly use. Based on a specific research discovering the historical existence of the organization, we find three main problems faced by the organization management, such as: (1) institutional arrangement of WUA is inadequately dynamic, (2) insufficient knowledge of irrigation operation and maintenance, and (3) a great number of feesarrear. To deal with the above-mentioned problems and to empower the association, the central government provides technical assistance by establishing the Tim Pendamping Petani/TPP (Farmer Counterpart Team) and required trainings.

To empowerment role played the central government is intended to empower any WUA with established legal status for being in the same level of capability with other enterprises. It is also intended to create WUA with eligible capability to manage overall irrigation scheme which they are responsible to the stakeholders In case of a WUA has had established legal status, it is recommended to have a bank account for fee collection from members, to finance sustainable operation. The Kulon Progo District with 228 WUA's is very competent to execute it."

"Development is a series of effort made and planned consciously to achieve a better life. To realize that objective , development needs resources available in this life. Environment development is an absolute thing that must be realized. Development made without observing the principle of harmony and equilibrium will cause damage of environment, so that environment has no more capacity to prop up and support the next development implementation. The research done at Jeneponto District, specially , in irrigation areal of Kelara Karalloe shows result as following First, calculation result by using software SPSS show that correlation coefficient is about 0,714. This means that there is a positive and significant influence between independent variable (participation of peasant group of water consumer P3A) and dependent variable (environment quality). This can be seen through the result of test , both at level 0,05 or level of trust about 95 % and at level 0,01 or level of trust about 99% , where the result of T test is greater than T table i.e 10, 103 > 1,289 and 1,659 (T table). In the examination of T it can be seen that t test (X tot) equal 10.130 greater than the constant wich equal 4.887 . Second, the contribution of variable group of peasant consumer of awter participation toward quality of environment at Jeneponto District or determination coefficient equal R Square/ r2 which equals 0, 510 or 51,00% , which mean that there still are others thing that influence the increasing of quality of environment . Third, the result of regression analysis through SPSS calculation show that , what happens to the independent variable is constant at standardized coefficients B = 10, 664 (a) ,while (b) = X Tot at standardized coefficients = 0.553. s0 equality of line regression is Y = 10,664 + 0, 533 x which means that if independent variable is at the point 0 (zero), dependent variable will be at point 10,664. When independent variable increases a unit , dependent variable will increase about 0, 553. This means that every increasing of unit in a certain time, thus the influence of group of peasant participation in P3A toward quality of environment in Jeneponto District will increases about 0,55%. Therefore, hypothesis thjat has been formulated in this research can be accepted. Forth, the changing which happens to variable quality of environment , according to the prediction which can be explained be equality of regression line, mentioned above, is enough accurate. This can be proved through the result standard error estimation (SE est) and standard deviation of dependent variable (SDy) which show that SE est is about 1,28 smaller than SDy which is about 1,81. The result of hypothesis examination shows that, the more goes up the participation of group of peasant in P3A the more goes up also the quality of environment in Jeneponto District."

"Semakin bertambahnya angka pertumbuhan penduduk menyebabkan angka kebutuhan energi listrik semakin bertambah. Pemerintah membangun berbagai pembangkit listrik tenaga terbarukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan energi listrik. Salah satunya adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga air. Pembangkit listrik tenaga air sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan air waduk. Adanya sedimentasi yang berada di waduk dapat menyebabkan kinerja pembangkit listrik tenaga air menjadi terganggu. Bagaimana pengaruh sedimentasi terhadap energi listrik, fungsi umur waduk, keberlanjutan PLTA? Dan bagaimana pengaruh KJA terhadap sedimentasi waduk?Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh sedimentasi terhadap energi listrik, fungsi umur waduk Jatiluhur, keberlanjutan pembangkit listrik tenaga air Jatiluhur serta pengaruh KJA terhadap peningkatan sedimentasi di waduk.Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi regresi sederhana. Selama periode tahun 2018 hingga 2022 dibandingkan dengan data pada tahun 2013, terjadi peningkatan sedimentasi sebesar 1,6 yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi energi listrik sebesar 72 . Fungsi umur waduk Jatiluhur terhitung sejak tahun 2017 adalah 193 tahun. Keberadaaan KJA memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan sedimentasi di waduk Jatiluhur.

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The increasing number of population growth causes the number of electrical energy needs grew. The government built various renewable power plants to meet the demand for electrical energy. One of them is hydroelectric power. The hydroelectric power is highly dependent on the availability of water reservoirs. The presence of sedimentation in the reservoir can cause the performance of hydroelectric power to be disturbed. What is the effect of sedimentation on electrical energy, reservoir age function, hydropower sustainability And how does KJA influence sedimentation of reservoirs.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of sedimentation on electric energy, Jatiluhur reservoir age function, Jatiluhur hydropower generation and KJA influence on increasing sedimentation in reservoir.

This study used simple regression correlation analysis. During the period 2018 to 2022 compared to the data in 2013, a 1.6 increase in sedimentation resulted in a 72 decrease in electrical energy production. The age function of Jatiluhur reservoir since 2017 is 193 years. The existence of KJA had an effect on the increase of sedimentation in Jatiluhur reservoir."

"ABSTRAKKota Bekasi dengan sebagian besar penduduknya merupakan pengguna air tanah memiliki risiko dalam menghadapi kontaminasi E. coli. Penggunaan sumur bor dan sumur gali untuk mendapatkan sumber air bersih berpotensi menjadi jalan masuknya kontaminasi melalui infrastruktur yang tidak tepat. Selain itu, kontaminan dapat masuk bahkan setelah adanya pengolahan air dan dapat melalui wadah penyimpanan yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh infrastruktur sumur terhadap kontaminasi E. coli di sumber air, dan pengaruh pengolahan air tanah sebagai air minum serta wadah penyimpanan air terhadap kontaminasi E. coli di air minum. Pengujian E. coli dilakukan dengan IDEXX Colilert-18. Berdasarkan rumah tangga yang disurvei secara acak pada Kelurahan Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu dan Jatirangga, umumnya sumur bor dan sumurgali menunjukkan kondisi tidak rentan terhadap kontaminasi (n=204). Tetapi pada variabel jenis sumur, genangan air sumur dan umur pompa berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kontaminasi E. coli di sumber air (korelasi Spearman dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%). Jika dilihat secara lebih detail pada sumur gali, kondisi yang sebaliknya terjadi yaitu cukup rentan terhadap kontaminasi E. coli atau tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-2916-1992. Hasil regresi logistik biner menunjukkanbahwa sumur gali berpeluang terkontaminasi E. coli sekitar 4,0 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sumur bor. Begitu juga adanya genangan air dan umur pompa lebih dari 10 tahun berpeluang terkontaminasi E. coli masing-masing sebanyak 2,25 kali dan 1,86 kali. Selain infrastruktur sumur, pengolahan dan wadah penyimpanan air pun diteliti hubungannya dengan kontaminasi E. coli di air minum (n=51). Pengolahan air minum dengan cara memasak dilakukan rumah tangga responden sebanyak 98,1%. Memasak air dapat menurunkan E. coli pada 67% sampel. Namun, air yang telah dimasak tidak bebas sepenuhnya dari E. coli, melainkan masih terdeteksi sebanyak 64,8% dengan kategori risiko rendah dan 25,9% terdeteksi E. coli dengankategori risiko sedang. Wadah penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa penduduk paling banyak menyimpan air setelah dimasak pada wadah kendi yaitu sebesar 51%, dan diikuti oleh ceret/teko sebanyak 35,3%. Wadah yang digunakan pun telah dilengkapi oleh tutup sebanyak 94,1%. Namun, wadah penyimpanan tidak menunjukkan adanya nilai korelasi yang signifikan dengan kontaminasi E. coli di air minum. Faktor lain seperti, praktik memasak dan kebersihan wadah penyimpanan yang mungkin memiliki korelasi, perlu untuk diamati.

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ABSTRACTBekasi City with a large portion of the population as groundwater users have risk in E. coli contamination. Borehole and dug wells to obtain clean water sources has the potential to become an entry point for contamination through improper infrastructure. In addition, E. coli can contaminate the water even after treatment and through the water storage practices. This research aims to analyze the effect of well infrastructure used to E. coli contamination in the sources water and effect groundwater treatment as drinking water and water storage containers to E. coli contamination in drinking water. E. coli testing was carried out with IDEXX Colilert-18. Based on randomly households surveyed in Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu and Jatirangga village, generally showed borehole and dug wells not susceptible to contamination (n = 204). But on variabel types of wells, inundation around wells and pump age were significantly associated with E. coli contamination in the sources water (Spearman's correlation of 95% confidence level). If seen in more detail in dug wells, the opposite condition occurs that is quite susceptible to E. coli contamination or does not eligibel to SNI 03-2916-1992 standards. Binary logistic regression results show that dug wells have the possibility to be contaminated with E. coli about 4.0 times more than the borehole. Likewise, the presence of inundation around wells and pump age of more than 10 years have the possibility of E. coli contamination of 2.25 times and 1.86 times respectively. In addition to well infrastructure, water treatment and storage containers were also investigated in relation to E. coli contamination in drinking water (n = 51). Drinking water treatment by boiling water is done by respondents' households as much as 98.1%. Results show E. coli decreased in 67% samples after boiling. However, boiled water is not completely free from E. coli, but 64.8% is still detected in a low riskcategory and 25.9% detected by E. coli with a moderate risk category. Observation of water storage practices shows that 51% households save water after being treated in jug, and followed by kettle/pot as much as 35.3%. The container used by residents has also been equipped with a lid of 94.1%. However, storage containers did not show a significant correlation with E. coli contamination in drinking water. Other factors such as boiling water practices and cleanliness of storage containers that may have a correlation need to be observed."