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Daunwati
Korelusi asupan besi, hemoglobin dan feritin serum dengnn indikator panjang badan untuk usia pada bayi stunting usia 6-12 bulan di Tangerang = Correlation between dietary iron intake, serum ferritin and hemoglobin with height for age Z score among stunting infant ages 6-12 months in Tangerang
"Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi. hemoglobin dan kadar feritin serum dengan indikator panjang badan untuk usia pada bayi stunring usia 6-I2 bulan.
Tempat : Pada 20 desa dan kelurahan di Kota dan Kabupaten Tangerang di wilayah binaan CARE International Indonesia.
Bahan dan cara: Pada penelitian dengan disain potong lintang ini didapatkan 3l subyek sesuai kriteria penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pendidikan formal ibu, status gizi berdasarkan HAZ, asupan kalori, protein dan besi dcngan menggunakan FFQ semikuantitati pemeriksaan laboratorium darah yaitu hemoglobin clan feritin serum. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Kolmogorov Smirnov, dan korelasi Pearson/spernmn's Rank.
Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 5I,6% pendidikan formal ibu sekolah dasar/sederajat. Subyek merupakan kelompok stunting yang sebagian besar (80,6%) merupakan stunting sedang. serata asupan energi adalah 767,99_+;275,42 kkal/hari dan protein 2l,80_~§l l,08 g/hari. Asupan energi dan protein subyek yang rendah 74,2% dan 29% dibandingkan RDA. Rcrata asupan besi adalah 6,06 j 4, l 6 mg/hari, sebagaian besar subyek (8l%) dengan asupan besi kurang menurut RNI. Rerata kadar hemoglobin 10,041 1,32 g/dL dan kadar feritin serum didapatkan median 10,93 (l,62; 90,38) pg/L. Subyek yang mengalami anemia 71%, depiesi besi tanpa anemia 9,7% dan anemia defisiensi besi 41.9°/6. Pada analisis tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara asupan besi dengan hemoglobin dan feritin scrum. Pada analisis korelasi antara hemoglobin dan feritin serum dengan HAZ skor tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna.
Kesimpulan : Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bemiakna antara asupan besi dengan hemoglobin dan feritin serum. Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bcrmakna antara hemoglobin dan feritin serum dengan HAZ skor.
Objective :To know correlation between dietary iron intake, hemoglobin, serum feritin and height tbr age Z score in shunting infant age 6-I2 month.
Location : 20 villages and kelurahan in Tangerang City and District the area under serviced by CARE, international Indonesia (Cll).
Material and Method: A cross sectional study had been canied out on 31
subjects selected. Data collected consist of' respondent (mother) tbmial education, subject characteristic i.e HAZ, dietary intake of energy, protein and iron using semi quantitative FFQ, and laboratory examination lbr hemoglobin and serum ferritin. Statistical analysis was using Kolmogorov-Smimov and Pearson/Spearman?s rank correlation tests.
Result : Most of mothers? formal education was primary school (5l.6%). Majority ofthe subjects was in moderate stunting (80,6%). Average energy and protein intake were 767.99i275.42 kcal/day and 2 l,80il l,08 g/day. respectively. Subjects with low energy and protein intake as compared to the RDA are 74.2% and 29%, respectively. Average iron intake 6.061 4.l6 mg/day and 8l% of the subject had iron intake less than RNI. Average hemoglobin level was l0.04=t:l.32 g/dl, whereas median serum ferritin was l0.93 (1.62; 9038) ug/L. Subject with anemia, iron depletion without anemia and iron deficiency anemia were 71%,9.7%, and 4l.9%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between iron intake and hemoglobin. There was negative correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between hemoglobin and serum ferritin with HAZ score.
Conclusion: There were no significant correlations between iron intake with hemoglobin, and serum ferritin. There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin and serum ferritin with HAZ score unstinting infant 6-12 month."
2009
T32322
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Diana Sunardi
Hubungan antara pola pemberian ASi dan MP-ASI dengan stunting pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Tangerang: Kajian kadar seng serum pada bayi stunting usia 6-12 bulan = Relationship between breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice and stunting in 6-12 months old infants in Tangerang: Zinc status in 6-12 months old stunted infants
"Tujuan: Mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak dengan mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian ASI dan MP·ASI dengan stunting pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan dan mengkatkan kadar seng serum bayi usia 6-12 bulan.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case control. Subyek penelitian adalah bayi stunting dan tidak stunting.
Hasil: Jumlah subyek 90 bayi usia 6-12 bulan, 30 kasus, 60 kontrol. Kelompok kasus diambil secara purposive, sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalab bayi tidak stunting dengan matching jenis kelamin dan usia dalam rasio satu banding dua yang diambil acak sederhana. Subyek terdiri atas 45 bayi perempuan dan 45 bayi Iaki-laki. Sebagian besar (73,3%) subyek berusu.9-12 bulan. Berat badan lahir <-1 SD ditemukan pada 24,4% subyek dan panjang badan lahir <-1 SD pada 15,9% subyek (n= 44). Responden, yaitu ibu subyek, sebagian besar (87,8%) berusia antara 17-'15 lahun dan 58,9"10 berpendidikan rendah. Hampir seluruh subyek (96,7%) mendapat asupan seng di bawah AKG 2004. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan BB lahir <-1 SD merupakan faktor risiko yang bennakna (OR =1,51; P < 0,001) Untuk stunting. Uji statistik menuujukkan pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kalegori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting (OR = 1,122; 95% CI 0,351-3,581), walaupun seeara statistik tidak bermakna. Dengan analisis tambahan didapatkan tidak dilanjutkanya ASI setelah mendapat MP-ASI merupakan faktor risiko bermakna Untuk stunting (p ~0,039; OR 5,8). Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting 12,4 ± 1,7 umoL, yaitu termasuk dalam rentang marjinaI (10,7-<13 umol/L). Sebanyak 56,1% subyek stunting mempunyai kadar seng serum di bawah niIai normal (13 umol/L) dan 20% mempunyai kadar seng serum rendah «10,7 umol/L). Uji kore1asi menunjukan tidak ada hubungan antara kadar seng serum dengan asupan seng dan panjang badan untuk usia.
Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kategori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting. Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting pada peneitian ini berada dalam rentang marjinal.
Objective: Aim of the study was to optimize child grosth by investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice and stunting among 6-12 mo infants, and to examine the zinc status of 6-12 months old stunted infants.
Method : A "nested" case-control design was used in this study. Subjects were stunted and nonstunted infants.
Results : A total of90 subjects of 6-12 mo infants in Tangerang participated in this study (30 cases and 60 _Is). Purposive sampling was used to obtain cases, while simple random sampling was used among matched controls (by gender and age). Gender were equally distributed in both groups. Mostof1he subjects (733%) were between 9-12 mo. Birth weight <-1 SD were found in 24.4% and length (n = 44) <-I SO in 15.9% subjects. Respondents, the subjects'mothers; mostly (87.8%) were between 17-35 yr and 58.9% were low educated.. Almost all (96.7%) subjects had zinc intake below Indonesian RDA 2004. This study demonstrated that birth weight <-1 SD was a significance risk factor (p<0.001; OR = 7.57) fur stunting. Statistical analysis showed that inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice increased 1he risk fur stunting (OR= 1.122; 95% Cl 0351-3587), although statistically not significant. Further analysis showed that not continuing breastfeeding was a significant risk further for stunting (OR = 5.8 and p = 0.039). Mean serum zinc levels of 1he stunted subjects was 12.4 ± 1.7 umol/L (marginal levels 10.7-<13 pmollL). Serum zinc levels of 56.7% stunted subjects were under be normal levels (13 umol/L) and 20% hail low serum zinc levels <10.7 umol/L). Serum zinc levels did not show relationship with zinc in lake and height for age Z-score.
Conclusion : inappropriate feeding practice increased 1he risk for stunting. Mean serum zinc levels of stunted subjects in this study were in marginal range."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2008
T32010
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Simatupang, Yustina Rossa
Association Between Mothers' Purchase Intention of Iron-Fortified Infant Cereal and Iron Intake Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Tangerang = Hubungan Purchase Intention Sereal Bayi yang Difortifikasi Zat Gizi dengan Asupan Zat Besi pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan di Tangerang
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara purchase intention ibu terhadap sereal bayi yang diperkaya zat gizi besi untuk sereal bayi dengan klaim fortifikasi zat besi dengan asupan zat besi pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Metode cross sectional ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Pengetahuan Klaim Gizi Ibu dan Niat Beli Ibu Sereal Bayi Fortifikasi Zat Besi Terhadap Asupan Zat Besi pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan di Tangerang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari ibu-ibu yang berpasangan dengan anak usia 6-23 bulan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berhubungan signifikan dengan asupan zat besi. Hubungan antara variabel jenis kelamin dengan asupan zat besi diperoleh nilai p-value = 0.024 setelah diadjust dengan variable perancu sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin anak dengan asupan zat besi anak 6-23 bulan di Kota Tangerang, variable perancu antara lain pekerjaan (p=0.009), pendapatan rumah tangga (p=0.007) dan pendidikan ibu (p =0.019), gender anak (p=0.025) dan pengetahuan gizi terkait klaim zat besi (p=0.180) terhadap asupan zat besi. Temuan penelitian mengenai hubungan antara pengetahuan klaim zat gizi ibu dengan pembelian sereal aktual oleh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-23 bulan tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan. penelitian ini memiliki kuisioner yang tervalidasi mengenai pengetahuan ibu tentang klaim zat gizi besi. Studi ini memiliki kuesioner yang divalidasi, kuesioner sikap, norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku yang dirasakan dan intention, yang diadaptasi dari Planned Behaviour Theory.
This study investigates the association between mother’s purchase intention of iron-fortified infant cereals for infant cereal with iron fortification claim with iron intake among children aged 6-23 months. This cross-sectional method is used in order to know The Association Between Mother’s Purchase Intention of Iron-Fortified Infant Cereal and Iron Intake Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Tangerang. The study population consists of mothers in pairs with children aged 6-23 months. Bivariate analysis shows that the variables gender, mother's education, occupation, and household income are significantly associated with iron intake. The p-value of the association between the gender variable and iron intake is 0.024 after adjustment linier regression multivariant analysis, indicating that there is significant association between the gender of the child and the iron intake of children aged 6-23 months in Tangerang City, as well as the employment variable. Confounding variables include mother occupation (p=0.009), household income (p=0.007), and education. Mother (p = 0.019); child's gender (p=0.025) and iron nutrition claim knowledge (p=0.180) regarding iron intake. There is no association between mother’s knowledge on nutrition claim with mother’s actual purchase. The results of this study have authenticated questionnaires: regarding mother’s claimed knowledge of iron nutrition, the attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, and intention questionnaires, adapted from The Planned Behaviour Theory
.This study aims to identify the potential of hot spring temperature fluctuations as precursors to tectonic earthquakes along the Cimandiri Fault, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The background of this research is the high seismic activity around the Cimandiri Fault, driven by the movement of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates. Temperature fluctuations in the region's hot springs are hypothesized to serve as early indicators or precursors of earthquakes. Based on the theories of K. Mogi and Jonathan R. Bedford, changes in pressure and seismic activity in the Earth's crust can lead to increased temperatures in hot springs prior to earthquake events. The study employs a method of monitoring hot spring temperatures using Arduino-based IoT technology equipped with DS18B20 temperature sensors. Temperature data were collected from two major hot spring locations, Cisolok and Cikundul, situated near the Cimandiri Fault, with recording intervals every two minutes from May to October 2024. The temperature data from the hot springs were correlated with data on tectonic earthquakes occurring within a 50 km radius of the Cimandiri Fault.Key variables analyzed include the hot spring temperatures at Cisolok and Cikundul, the distance from the earthquake epicenter, the type of rock, and the geological structures through which seismic waves travel. The results revealed temperature fluctuations in the hot springs prior to the majority of the recorded earthquakes. Eight out of ten earthquake events showed significant temperature increases in the hot springs at Cisolok and Cikundul. Further analysis indicated that the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the hot spring locations influenced the intensity and timing of the observed temperature fluctuations. Additionally, the type of rock traversed by seismic waves impacted subsurface heat movement within the aquifer, ultimately affecting the temperature fluctuations in the hot springs."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dian Kusumadewi
Pengaruh pemberian MPASl formula d diperkaya zat besi terhadap kadar feritin serum, hemoglobin dan perkembangan kognitif bayi usia 6-8 bulan = Effect of iron fortified complimentary feeding formula on changes in serum feritin, hemoglobin level and cognitive development score in 6-8 month's old baby
"ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian MPASI furmula diperkaya zat besi terbadap kadar feritin serum, hemoglobin dan perkembangan kognitif bayi usia 6-8 bulan, Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik, membandingkan 38 subyek yang mendapat konseling dan MPASI formula dangan 38 subyek yang mendapat MP AS! raeikan selarna 90 hari. Sebanyak 76 subyek yang berasal dari posyandu-posyandu di dua lokasi kelurahan Karnpong Melayu, kecamatan Jatinegara, dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kelompok perlakuan (P) dan kontrol (X) dengan alokasi aeak berdasarkan pembagian wilayah. Data subyek yang diambil meliputi usia, berat badan, penjang badan, lingkar kepala, asupen energi, protein, zat besi serta kadar feritin serum, hemoglobin, dan skor perkembangan kognitif. Pengukoran kadar feritin serum, hemoglobin dan skor perkembangan kognitif dilakakan sebelum dan sesudah perlakoan. Analisis data dilakakan dengan uji t berpasangan dan t tidak berpasangan serta uji non pararnetrik dangan batas kemaknaan 5%. Sebanyak 38 subyek peda kelompok P dan K telah mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Satu subyek pada masing-masing kelompok dikeluarkan karena salcit yang dapat mempengaruhi basil penelitian. Data awal menunjukkan keadaan yang sama antara kelompok P dan K. Penurunan kedar feritin serum, peningkatan kedar hemoglobin dan peningkatan skor perkembangan kognitif tidak bermakna secara statistik pada kedua kelompok (p>0,05). Penurunan kedar feritin serum pada kelornpok K lebih besar daripada kelompok P dan penurunannya bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Persentase asupan terbadap kebutuhan energi dan protein pada periode awal, tengah hingga akhir perlakaan dengan metoda food recall 1x24 jam dalam keadaan sebanding. Perubahan persenblse asupan terbadap kebu!uhan energi dan protein antara kelompok P dan K tidak bennakoa secara statistik. Persen1llse asupen terhOdap kebutuhan zat besi dengan FFQ semikuantitatif satu bulan peda kedua kelompok sebelum perlakaan tampak sebanding namun perubaban persentase asupan terbadap kebetuhan zat besi antara kedua kelompok benmakna seeara statistik. Kadar feritin serum, hemoglobin dan skor perkembangan kognitif sebelnm perlakuan peda kedua kelompok dalam keadaan sebanding. Penurunan kedar feritin serum, peningkatan kedar hemoglobin dan peningkatan skor perkembangan kognitif antara kelompok P dan K tidak bermakna secara statistik.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to find the effect of iron fortified complimeni1Uy feeding formula on changes in serum feritin, hemoglobin level and cognitive development score in 6-ll month's old baby. The study was a clinical trial, consists of 38 subjects in the treatment group that had received counseling and iron fortified complimentary feeding formula (P) and 38 subjects in the control group (K) that had received counseling and home oomplimeni1Uy feeding fur 90 days. Seventy six subjects were admitted from two locations in kelurahan KampungMelayu. kecamatan Jatinegara who had fulfill the study criteria. They were divided into two groups using random allocation based on geographic location. Each group had some posyandu that participate the research. Data collected consist of age, weight, height, head circumference, energy, protein and iron intake, serum feritin. hemoglobin level and cognitive development score. Examinations of serum feritin, hemoglobin level and cognitive development score were examined before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was using independent t-test, non~ independent t-test and non parametric test. The level of significance was 5%. Each of38 subjects in both group bed completed the study. There was one drop out subject in each I' and K because they got ill. Early data showed equal condition between P and K group. There were statistically insignificant changes on senun feriti~ hemoglobin level and cognitive development score in two groups (p>O,O5). Serum feritin level had decrease higher in P than K and statistically significant (p"
2010
T32842
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Cleo Syahana Indaryono
Hubungan Asupan Energi, Protein, dan Makanan Beragam Terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita (usia 6-59 bulan) di Panti Asuhan Kota Depok, Jakarta, dan Tangerang Selatan = Association of Energy, Protein, and Dietary Diversity Intake on Stunting in Children (6 - 59 months) at Orphanages in Depok, Jakarta, and Tangerang Selatan
"Stunting merupakan kondisi kurang gizi kronis dengan dampak jangka panjang yang dapat menghambat perkembangan kognitif dan fisik, meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif, dan pada akhirnya mengurangi produktivitas. Anak-anak panti asuhan termasuk kelompok yang lebih rentan mengalami kekurangan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi, protein, dan makanan beragam terhadap kejadian stunting di panti asuhan kota Depok, Jakarta, dan Tangerang Selatan dengan desain cross-sectional pada data primer dengan total sampel sebanyak 99 balita. Ditemukan proporsi stunting sebesar 16,2% dan kecukupan asupan energi, protein, dan makanan beragam adalah 59,6%, 94,9%, dan 66,7%. Analisis cox regression menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi dengan kejadian stunting (PR 9,6 (95% CI: 2,050 - 44,977) p-value: 0,004,. Balita dengan asupan energi yang tidak cukup memiliki risiko kejadian stunting 9,6 kali dibandingkan balita dengan asupan energi cukup setelah dikontrol oleh variabel status wilayah tempat tinggal balita, hubungan wali dengan balita, usia wali, ketahanan pangan, riwayat penyakit balita, dan pengetahuan wali. Panti Asuhan memiliki potensi besar menjangkau lapisan masyarakat cakupan panti asuhan, membantu pencegahan kejadian stunting dengan pendampingan dari institusi kesehatan dan sosial dalam mendeteksi kasus stunting dan berperan dalam implementasi praktis berbagai program pencegahan stunting pada balita.
Stunting is a chronic form of malnutrition with long-term effects that can hinder cognitive and physical development, increase the risk of degenerative diseases, and reduce productivity. Children in orphanages tend to be more vulnerable to the risk of malnutrition. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intake of energy, protein, and dietary diversity on stunting in orphanages in Depok, Jakarta, and Tangerang Selatan through cross-sectional design using primary data of 99 under-five children. The proportion of stunting was 16.2% and intake of energy, protein, and dietary diversity was 59.6%, 94.9%, and 66.7%. Analysis using Cox regression showed a significant relationship between energy intake and stunting (PR 9.6 (95%CI: 2.050 - 44.977) p-value: 0.004, under-five children with insufficient energy have a risk of stunting 9,6 times compared to under-five children with sufficient energy intake, controlled by child-friendly living area status, relationship between the guardian and the child, age of the guardian, child’s household food security, child's illness history, and guardian’s nutrition knowledge. Orphanages have great potential to reach the “hidden” layers of society, help prevent stunting with the assistance of health and social institutions through stunting case detection, and take part in the practical implementation stunting prevention programs in children."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Manik, Merdina
Korelasi antara asupan besi dan feritin serum dengan jumlah bifidobacterium usus pada Ibu hamil trimester ketiga di Jakarta Timur = Correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin with gut bifidobacterium third trimester of pregnancy in East Jakarta
"Zat besi merupakan mikronutrien esensial yang diperlukan tubuh seperti pertumbuhan sel darah merah dan sel otak Kebutuhan besi meningkat pada masa kehamilan Komposisi mikrobiota dapat berubah selama tahap kehidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor misalnya besi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi dan kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dari bulan Maret sampai April 2015 Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 52 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara meliputi kuesioner data asupan besi heme dan non heme protein serta vitamin C dengan FFQ semikuantitatif Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status asupan gizi pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar feritin serum dan kadar CRP serta jumlah Bifdobacterium dalam tinja Didapatkan rerata usia 29 1 5 9 tahun nilai median asupan besi 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg hari kadar feritin serum 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g tinja Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna asupan besi dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus r 0 202 p 0 152 juga tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r=0,116 p=0,411).
Iron is an essensial micronutrient which body needed such as for blood growth cell and brain cell Iron rsquo s requirement increases in pregnancy Microbiota composition can change in cycle of life which be affected by many factors likely iron The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin with Bifidobacterium third trimester of pregnancy Data collection was conducted from March 2015 until April 2015 in all of sub district of public health centre in east Jakarta Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method A total of 52 pregnancy subjects had met the study criteria Data were collected through interviews including questionnare iron intake heme and non heme protein and vitamin C used semiquantitative FFQ Anthropometry measurementsto assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i e blood levels of serum ferritin and CRP and Bifidobacterium in feces Mean age 29 1 5 9 years Median of intake of iron was 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg day serum ferritin was 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L and gut Bifidobacterium 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g feces No significant correlation was found between iron intake and Bifidobacterium in feces r 0 202 p 0 152 and negative correlations and no significant between serum ferritin and Bifidobacterium in feces (r=0, 116, p=0,411)"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Stella Kristi Triastari
Perbandingan Korelasi Asupan Protein dan Zat Besi terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Anak Kelompok Usia 6-23 Bulan dan 24-36 Bulan pada Pandemi COVID-19 di Jakarta Timur Tahun 2020 = Comparison of The Correlation of Protein and Iron Intake with Hemoglobin Levels in Children Age 6-23 and 24-36 Months During COVID-19 Pandemic in East Jakarta on 2020
"

Latar belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada balita di Indonesia masih tinggi. Etiologi tersering adalah anemia defisiensi besi. Defisiensi zat besi dapat menyebabkan perkembangan saraf buruk dan gangguan respon imun. Selain malnutrisi zat besi, malnutrisi protein juga dapat menyebabkan anemia. Anemia lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan, disebabkan oleh kebutuhan meningkat. Hubungan zat besi dan protein dengan kadar hemoglobin masih menunjukkan hasil beragam serta belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan hubungan antar kelompok usia.  

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan data sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Data yang digunakan berasal dari kuesioner sosiodemografis, 24-hour food recall, dan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS. Normalitas data didapatkan melalui Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan Pearson (bila distribusi data normal) atau Spearman (bila distribusi data tidak normal). Signifikansi didapatkan bila p <0,05.

Hasil: Terdapat 97 subjek untuk kelompok usia 6-23 bulan dan 82 untuk usia 24-36 bulan. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna karakteristik demografi antara kelompok usia, kecuali untuk kekerapan sakit (p=0,003). Asupan protein dan zat besi lebih tinggi pada kelompok usia 24-36 bulan dibandingkan 6-23 bulan. Asupan protein berkorelasi positif secara signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan (r=0,428) dan usia 24-36 bulan (r=0,262). Asupan zat besi berkorelasi positif secara signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan (r=0,555) dan usia 24-36 bulan (r=0,253). Perbedaannya bermakna secara statistik.

Kesimpulan: Koefisien korelasi antara asupan zat besi dan Hb serta asupan protein dan Hb pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan lebih kuat dibandingkan kelompok usia 24-36 bulan. Dibutuhkan intervensi pemberian MPASI yang adekuat dan fokus pemenuhan nutrisi pada anak usia 6-36 bulan, terutama pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan.

Introduction: Anemia prevalence among toddlers in Indonesia is still high. The most frequent etiology is iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency may cause restrictions in nerve development and immune problems. Other than iron deficiency, protein malnutrition may also cause anemia. The prevalence is higher in 6-23 months age group due to the increase need. However, the correlation between iron and protein intake with hemoglobin levels is still showing different results and the researches do not compare the correlation between different age groups.

Methods: This is an analytic-observational research using secondary data. The research was conducted using cross-sectional method with total sampling technique. The data used were obtained from sociodemographic questionnaire, 24-hour food recall, and Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The data was analyzed using SPSS. Normal distribution of data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson (if the data is distributed normally) or Spearman (data not distributed normally). Significance level is established at p<0,05.

Results: A total of 97 subjects for 6-23 months age group and 82 subjects for 24-36 months age group was recruited. No significant statistical difference was found for the demographic criteria, except for sick frequency (p= 0,003). The protein and iron intake are higher in 24-36 months age group. Protein intake correlates positively with hemoglobin levels in 6-23 months age group (r=0,428) and 24-36 months age group (r=0,262) and the statistical difference is significant. Iron intake correlates positively with hemoglobin levels in 6-23 months age group (r=0,555) and 24-36 months age group (r=0,253) and the statistical difference is significant.

Conclusion: Correlation coefficient between iron intake with hemoglobin levels and protein intake with hemoglobin levels is higher in the 6-23 months age group than 24-36 months age group. Adequate complementary feeding intervention is needed and nutrition fulfilment must be given in children age 6-36 months, especially 6-23 months age group.

 

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Fabiola Cathleen
Korelasi antara asupan kalsium dan vitamin d dengan indikator stunting (HAZ) pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur = Correlation between calcium and vitamin d intake with stunting indicator (HAZ) in children aged 6-24 months in East Jakarta.
"Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang dimiliki oleh 150,8 juta anak di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Anak stunting diindikasikan dengan tinggi badan menurut usia di bawah minus dua deviasi standar dari World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. Jika terjadi dalam 1000 hari kehidupan pertama seorang anak, stunting cenderung bersifat irreversible, dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan, mulai dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif, peningkatan risiko atas penyakit metabolik, dan penurunan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan hidup di masa depan. Korelasi vitamin D dan kalsium masih terhadap stunting masih kurang dieksplorasi, padahal beberapa studi menunjukkan dampak positif melalui fungsi mineralisasi tulang dan insulin-like growth factor axis. Dengan begitu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap indikator stunting (HAZ) pada anak usia 6-24 bulan sebagai usia yang telah mendapatkan MPASI, dan di Jakarta Timur sebagai wilayah dengan prevalensi stunting kedua tertinggi di antara wilayah DKI Jakarta lainnya. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode potong lintang, dengan total 62 sampel, yaitu anak usia 6-24 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta Timur dan mengikuti penelitian Departemen Gizi FKUI 2014, sesuai kriteria inklusi tanpa kriteria eksklusi, kemudian terpilih melalui simple random sampling. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 20 for Mac. Hasil: Hasil yang ditemukan adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan berhubungan positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap asupan kalsium kurang dari AKG (OR= 16,611; p<0,001). Sebaran asupan vitamin D dan status stunting berdasarkan seluruh karakteristik subjek tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik. Sementara itu, asupan kalsium dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,324; p=0,005; p<0,01), begitu pula dengan asupan vitamin D dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,279; p=0,014, p<0,05). Hubungan status asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap status stunting tidak bersifat signifikan secara statistik, namun penting secara klinis. Pembahasan: Usia 12-24 bulan lebih berisiko untuk memiliki asupan kalsium yang lebih rendah karena frekuensi minum ASI yang semakin berkurang tidak diimbangi dengan asupan gizi MPASI. Korelasi signifikan antara asupan kalsium dan asupan vitamin D terhadap HAZ mendukung studi sebelumnya bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi IGF-1 plasma, dan bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D bekerja berdampingan.
Stunting is a global health issue, with approximately 150.8 million children are affected worldwide, including Indonesia. Children with stunting are indicated with a Height-for-Age Z Score of less than-2 standard deviation based the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. If it occurs in the first 1000 days of life, stunting tends to be irreversible and cause impaired development, from cognitive impairment and increased risk of metabolic diseases, to lower income and welfare in the future. Correlation between vitamin D and calcium intake towards stunting have yet to be explored thoroughly even though several studies suggest their positive impacts through bone mineralisation and insulin-like growth factor axis. Thus, this research is done in order to discover the correlation between calcium and vitamin D toward stunting indicators (HAZ) on children aged 6-24 months, as they are currently given complementary foods, and located in East Jakarta, which has the second highest stunting prevalence compared to other regions in DKI Jakarta. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional method with a total of 62 samples, which are children aged 6-24 months that live in East Jakarta and took part in FKUI's Nutrition Department's Research in 2014, passing inclusion criterias without exclusion criterias, then selected through simple random sampling. Data processing and analysis are conducted with SPSS 20 for Mac software. Results: Results have found children age 12-24 months significantly and positively correlated with calcium intake less then AKG (OR=16.611; p<0.001). Vitamin D intake and stunting status distribution based on all subject characteristics are statistically insignificant On the other hand, calcium intake and HAZ have a positive and unidirectional correlation of (r=0.324; p=0.005; p<0.01), similar with vitamin D intake and HAZ with a positive and unidirectional correlation (r=0.279; p=0.014, p<0.05). Meanwhile, relationships of calcium and vitamin D intake status towards stunting status are not statistically significant, however clinically important. Discussion: Age group 12-24 months has higher risk to have lower calcium intake because reduced breastfeeding frequency is not balanced with adequate complementary food. Significant correlation between calcium and vitamin D intake towards stunting indicator supports the theory where calcium and vitamin D increases plasma IGF-1 concentration, and that both calcium and vitamin D works side-by-side."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Andi Rama Sulaiman
Korelasi antara asupan zat besi dengan indikator tinggi badan terhadap usia tb u pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di Jakarta = Corelation between iron intake and height for age indicator in child age 5-6 years in Jakarta
"Stunting merupakan kegagalan pertumbuah liner yang dilihat dari indikator tinggi badan terhadap usia jatuh dibawah persentil 5 (WHO). Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia (30,7%) tergolong dalam kategori High Severity (WHO). Stunting sebagai masalah gizi kronis dan multifaktorial memiliki banyak dampak antara lain peningkatan morbiditas, peningkatan mortalitas, gangguan fungsi metabolisme, komplikasi obstetrik saat hamil, gangguan perkembangan, dan penurunan produktivitas sosioekonomi. Salah satu yang menjadi faktor risiko adalah asupan nutrisi. Zat besi merupakan mikronutrien yang memiliki banyak fungsi bagi tubuh manusia termasuk dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Asupan zat besi yang tidak adekuat dapat menyebabkan anemia defisiensi zaat besi, peningkatan risiko infeksi, gangguan perkembangan kognitif, dan gangguan perilaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional dengan tujuan untuk mencari korelasi antara asupan zat besi dan indikator tinggi badan terhadap usia (TB/U). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder (usia, tinggi badan dan asupan zat besi) dari penelitian primer pada anak usia 5-6 tahun yang tinggal di Jl. Kimia, Jakarta. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada korelasi bermakna antara asupan zat besi dan indikator TB/U (p=0,964). Namun tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kecukupan asupan zat besi harian (AKG 2012) dan angka kejadian stunting (p=0,719).
Stunting is linear growth failure that defined by WHO with low height for age indicator (percentile 5). Stunting prevalence in Indonesia (30,7%) categorized as High Severity (WHO). Stunting as chronic multifactorial nutritional problem has many effect such as increase the risk of morbidity, increase the risk of mortality, impaired metabolism function, obstetric complication in pregnant women, developmental disorder, and decrease in socioeconomic productivity. Stunting has many risk factor, and one of them is nutrional intake. Iron is micronutrient that has many function in human body such as in child growth and development. Inadequte iron intake can cause iron deficiency anemia, increase in risk of infection, cognitive development disorder, and behavioural disorder. This research use cross-sectional design with purpose to find correlation between iron intake and high for age indictator. This research use secondary data (age, height, iron intake) from primary research on child age 5-6 years that live in Kimia St., Jakarta. Result of this research is there is no significant correlation between iron intake and height for age indicator (p=0,964). This research also found out that there is no significant correlation between inadequate iron intake (AKG 2012) and stunting incidence (p= 0,719)."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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Widya Rahmawati F.
Hubungan pemberian makan bayi dan anak dengan kejadian balita stunting usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Timur = Feeding infant and child relationship with toddler stunting age 6-23 months in East Jakarta
"Stunting ialah kondisi kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh dalam waktu yang cukup lama sehingga anak lebih pendek jika dibandingkan dengan usianya. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting dan praktik pemberian makan adalah usia ibu, pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, berat badan lahir anak.
Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition caused by the lack of nutrient intake of the body needs in a long time so that the child is shorter when compared with his age. Factors that may affect the incidence of stunting and feeding practices are maternal age, maternal employment, maternal education, child birth weight."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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