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"Upwelling adalah proses penting yang mengangkut nutrisi ke sistem biologis yang terkait dengan jaring makanan di kolom air. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menyelidiki karakteristik fenomena upwelling dengan menganalisis kesuburan historis perairan Banggai melalui dua indikator utama, yaitu suhu permukaan laut (SST), dan klorofil-a, menggunakan data citra satelit, serta melihat hubungan antara fenomena upwelling dan produksi perikanan tangkap di perairan Banggai. Analisis dilakukan dengan data resolusi spasial 4 kilometer menggunakan SST (NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5.3 Collated Global), data konsentrasi klorofil (Ocean Color SMI), dan analisis regresi polinemal untuk menguji hubungan fenomena upwelling dengan produksi perikanan tangkap. Hasil pola dispersi klorofil-a dari tahun 1998 hingga 2022 dikumpulkan pada bulan Agustus 2004, 2006 dan 2015, dengan konsentrasi klorofil rata-rata 0,49 mg/m3 dan kisaran suhu permukaan laut 23–24°C. Hasil trend dekomposisi dari sebaran klorofil-a konsentrasi tinggi di perairan Banggai, pola upwelling terjadi setahun sekali pada setiap bulan Agustus. Sementara itu, dekomposisi suhu permukaan laut pada grafik tren musiman menunjukkan nilai yang rendah, dan suhu tersebut dapat meningkat tiga kali lipat dalam satu tahun. Hal ini terkait dengan periode El-Nino. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, persebaran klorofil-a di Banggai paling besar terjadi pada periode El Nino. Pengaruh hubungan antara fenomena upwelling dengan jumlah ikan yang ditangkap melalui grafik fluktuasi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan.

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Upwelling is an important process that transports nutrients to biological systems linked to food webs in the water column. This study intends to investigate the characteristics of the upwelling phenomena by analyzing the historical fertility of Banggai waters via two key indicators, namely sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a, using satellite imagery data, as well as looking at the relationship between the phenomenon of upwelling and capture fisheries production in Banggai waters. The analysis was conducted with a data spatial resolution of 4 kilometers using SST (NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5.3 Collated Global), chlorophyll concentration (Ocean Color SMI) data, and polynemal regression analysis to examine the relationship of the upwelling phenomenon with capture fisheries production. Results of chlorophyll-a dispersion patterns from 1998 to 2022 were collected in August 2004, 2006 and 2015, with an average chlorophyll concentration of 0.49 mg/m3 and a sea surface temperature range of 23–24°C. The result of trend decomposition from the distribution of high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in Banggai waters, the pattern of upwelling occurs once a year in every August. Meanwhile, the decomposition of sea surface temperature on the seasonal trend chart shows a low value, and the temperature can increase three times in one year. This is related to the El-Nino period. Based on this study, the chlorophyll-a distribution in Banggai was greatest during the El Nino period. The effect of the relationship between the upwelling phenomenon and the amount of fish caught through the fluctuation graph does not show a significant effect."

"Degradation on coral reef ecosystem is increasing day by day due to both natural and human factors, and it is greatly affecting to the catches of fishermen. Natural damages can be caused by he tsunami, global warming, predators and so on. Whiles people are destroying the ecosystem to the lack of awareness, necessities, poverty and greed. One of the coastal ecosystem rehabilitation efforts is b making artificial reef. There are four artificial reef functions i.e. to collect marine organisms in order to improve capture efficiency (attractant); increase natural productivity by providing new habitat for sessil biota; maintain the balance of food chain cycle; and providing habitat and stimulates coral recruitment and other organism. This article present the designs, benefit and future recommendation for artificial reef management"

"MANGROVE CRAB UCA SPP (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: OCYPODIDAE). In Indonesia, many found the river estuary waters with mangrove forests are an important area for mangrove crabs. Crustacean fauna of the mangrove ecosystem is dominated by the crabs of Uca spp. this is often found in mud, forest floor, ponds and mangrove logging areas. Uca spp. is a type of crab that live in holes or soaking in the substrate and are permanent residents of mangrove forests. Crab Uca spp. can adapt well to dig holes because the water that is in the hole can help regulate body temperature through evaporation. Uca crab has important body parts as characters for identification that are: the size of the face of carapace (rostrum), orbital area (the area around the eyes), gonopode (male), gonopore (females), large claws (male) and small claws. While large claws on an adult male is a key character, so that its is very important."

"Coupling between atmosphere and oceans can affect the global climate change. In the Indian Ocean, there is natural climate variation phenomenon caused by coupling between atmosphere and oceans, called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). There are two types of IOD phase based on differences condition of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in western and eastern Indian Ocean, i.e. positive and negative IOD. When positive IOD occurs, the SST in western Indian Ocean is warmer than usual while SST in Sumatera is colder than usual, and vice versa for negative IOD. IOD can be detected using Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The phenomenon of drought on one side of Indian Ocean and heavy rains on the other side is a direct impact of IOD phenomenon, IOD can also affects to the productivity of the oceans, fisheries, ecosystems and carbon budget."