Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tesis ini membabas gambaran permasalahan implementasi kebijakan cara Pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik di Propimi DKI Jakarta tabun 2009, mengingat sampai tabun 2008 secara nasional baru 2,9% industri yang mendapatkan Sertifikat cara Pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik, sedangkan di Propinsi DKI Jakarta baru I ,9 %. Penelitian ini adalah penelltian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan babwa rendahnya implementasi cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik disebabkan belum optimalnya sosialisasi kebijakan, masih beratnya industri menerapkan kebijakan dan masih lemabnya monitoring kebijakan..Belum optimal sosialisasi karena belum jelasnya kegiatan pengembangan obat asli Indonesia, minimnya anggaran dan kurangnya koordinasi Beratnya industri rnenerapkan kebijakan karena keterbatasan dana dan rendahnya komitmen pemilik Masih lemahnya monitoring karena keterbatasan anggaran dan data yang terpercaya dan terkini belum jelasnya koordinasi antar instansi dan belurn adanya sanksi yang jelas. Diketahui juga skala penerapan cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik sangat dipengaruhi oleh komitmen pernilik yang diwujudkan dangan dana yang dialokasikan untuk menerapkan cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik.

---

This thesis discussed describing problems of policy implementation on practices of manufacturing good traditional medicine at province of DKI Jakarta in 2009, considering until 2008 nationally where almost 2,9% of industries which got certificates on Practices of Manufacturing Good Traditional Medicine, where 1,9% of them was at province of DKI Jakarta. This study was a qualitative research with descriptive design. Study result indicated that low implementation on Practices of Manufacturing Good Traditional Medicine was caused by socialization of policy was not optimal yet, industry was still herd in implementing policies and monitoring policy was still low.

Socialization was not optimal yet because development activities of Indonesian traditional medicine did not be understood yet, inadequate budget and the lack of coordination. Industry was still herd in implementing policies because of limited funds and low commitment of owner. Monitoring was still weak because of limited budget and the latest and trusted data, coordination inter institution was not explained and there was no sanction yet. It also found that scale of implementation on practices manufacturing of good traditional medicine was affected by owner commitment which was implemented by allocated funds to implement practices manufacturing good traditional medicines."

"Penggunaan jamu sebagai salah satu obat tradisional secara umum dinilai lebih aman dari pada penggunaan obat modern. Hal ini disebabkan karena obat tradisional memiliki efek samping yang relatif lebih sedikit dari pada obat modern. Sayangnya, di tangan segelintir orang jamu tradisional ini dicampur dengan bahan kimia obat untuk mendapatkan efek instan. Untuk melindungi masyarakat, Departemen Kesehatan mengeluarkan peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 246/ Menkes/ Per/V/1990 tentang Izin Usaha Industri Obat Tradisional dan Pendaftaran Obat Tradisional yang menyatakan bahwa obat tradisional tidak boleh mengandung bahan kimia sintetik atau hasil isolasi yang berkhasiat obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh metode KLT-densitometri tervalidasi yang dapat menganalisis secara kuantitatif piroksikam, prednison dan naproksen dalam jamu encok. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi jamu dengan pelarut optimal etanol kemudian dianalisis dengan KLT menggunakan fase gerak optimal kloroform-metanol (20:1) untuk prednison dan naproksen dan fase gerak optimal kloroform-metanol-amonia (20:1:1tetes) untuk piroksikam, kemudian bercak yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan densitometer pada panjang gelombang 254 nm. Pada tahap validasi, metode dinyatakan linear dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) untuk piroksikam, prednison, dan naproksen berturut-turut 0,99973, 0,99944, dan 0,99990. Metode ini juga memenuhi kriteria uji selektivitas, akurasi dan presisi pada konsentrasi sedang dan tinggi. Dari delapan sampel yang diperiksa, tiga diantaranya positif mengandung piroksikam.

---

The use of herbal medicine as one of the traditional medicine is considered more secure than the use of modern medicine. This is because traditional medicine has side effects relatively less than modern medicine. Unfortunately, for the few manufacturers, traditional herbal medicine is mixed with chemicals drugs to get an instant effect. To protect the public, the Health Department issued regulations Republic of Indonesia’s Health Minister No. 246/ Menkes/ Per/V/1990 about traditional medicine industry license abd registration of traditional medicine which states that traditional medicine should not contain synthetic chemicals or medicine isolation results.

Purpose of this study was to obtain validated TLC-densitometry method that can analyze quantitatively piroxicam, prednisone, and naproxen in a arthritic herbal medicine. Method used is the extraction of herbs with ethanol followed by analysis by TLC using a mobile phase of chloroform-methanol (20:1) for prednisone and naproxen and chloroform-methanol-ammonia (20:1:1 drops) for piroxicam, then is analyzed by densitometer in 254 nm.

In validation stage, the calibration curve was linear by r values for piroxicam, prednisone, and naproxen respectively 0,99973, 0,99944, and 0,99990. This method also meets the test criteria of selectivity, accuracy and precision at medium and high concetrations. Of the eight sampel which has been tested, three of which were positive for piroxicam."

"Pemakaian obat herbal dimasyarakat diiringi dengan berkembangnya industri obat tradisional. Khusus untuk Industri Kecil Obat Tradisional (IKOT) setiap tahun pertumbuhannya semakin meningkat. IKOT turut berkontribusi sebesar 20% dari omset nasional produk herbal. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh IKOT adalah ketersediaan bahan baku dan kualitas produksi yang belum terstandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan bahan baku untuk produk IKOT dan kontribusi dari kualitas produk IKOT terhadap pemakaian produk herbal masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dan wawancara kepada 4 IKOT di kota Depok dan responden yang menggunakan produk herbal sebanyak 84 orang. Berdasarkan analisa hasil penelitian diperoleh Y = 0,549 X atau pemakaian produk = 0,549 kualitas produk. Artinya apabila kualitas produk ditingkatkan satu kali maka pemakaian produk akan meningkat 1/0,549 atau sekitar dua kali. Kualitas produk berkaitan secara bermakna dengan kualitas bahan baku herbal. Kontinuitas produksi di IKOT tergantung pada bahan baku yang berasal dari bukan hasil budidaya. Kemitraan dengan petani penyedia bahan baku melalui pola penanaman sistem Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). Pembinaan petani diarahkan pada cara budidaya, pengelolaan panen dan pasca panen serta cara penyimpanan bahan baku yang sesuai dengan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB). Kerjasama dengan pihak perguruan tinggi dalam hal pengujian bahan baku herbal harus dilakukan oleh IKOT agar kualitas bahan terstandar.

---

The use of herbs remedies in industrial growth accompanied by traditional medicine. Specifically for Small traditional medicine Industry (IKOT) increasing its growth each year. IKOT contribute 20% of the national turnover of herbs products. The main problems faced by IKOT is the availability of raw materials and production quality that has not been standardized. This research aims to analyze the availability of raw materials for the product and IKOT contributions from IKOT product quality to the use of herbs products community. The method used was a survey and interviews to 4 IKOT in Depok and respondents who use herbs products as much as 84 people. Based on an analysis of the research results obtained Y = 0.549 X or product usage = 0.549 product quality. It means that, when the quality of products improved once and then use the product to rise 1/0.549 or about twice. The quality of the product concerned significantly to the quality of raw herbs. Continuity of production at IKOT depending on the raw material comes from is not the result of cultivation. Partnership with farmers providing raw materials through a system of planting pattern of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). The construction of the farmers directed at how the cultivation, harvest and post harvest management and storage of the raw materials according to the way of making a good traditional medicine (CPOTB). Cooperation with the College in terms of raw herbs material testing must be carried out by the quality of the ingredients, standardized so that the IKOT."

"Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum belum berhasil memberantas peredaran jamu berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penindakan yang bersifat reaktif sporadis, membuka kesempatan pelanggar hukum untuk beradaptasi dan terus berinovasi dalam melaksanakan modus operandinya demi menghindari tekanan dari penegak hukum. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan kewaspadaan nasional terhadap ancaman peredaran jamu BKO sebagai dasar penyusunan dan pelaksanaan suatu sistem peringatan dini. Yaitu serangkaian teknologi, kebijakan dan prosedur yang disusun khusus untuk pemprediksi dan memitigasi dampak peredaran jamu BKO. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode collection and analysis dalam pengolahan data. Teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk memastikan validitas data baik primer maupun sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelibatan komponen intelijen negara dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat menjadi hal yang mutlak dibutuhkan demi keberhasilan sistem peringatan dini atau early warning terkait peredaran jamu BKO. Badan intelijen negara selaku coordinator dari seluruh intelijen yang ada di instansi negara wajib menjalankan fungsi sebagai komite intelijen pusat (kominpus). Dalam satu system yang dibangun seharusnya Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) seharusnya didapat kerjasama kontrol antar lembaga yaitu BPOM, BIN, Bea dan Cukai, Kepolisian dan masyarakat. Early warning system menghadirkan 4 komponen utama sistem peringatan dini yaitu pengetahuan resiko, layanan pemantauan dan peringatan, diseminasi dan komunikasi serta kemampuan respons. Saran untuk melakukan pemberantasan dan pencegahan peredaran jamu BKO adalah melakukan studi untuk menilai potensi kerugian negara akibat peredaran BKO. Hasil studi tersebut dijadikan dasar untuk membangun kewaspadaan nasional dan ditindak lanjuti dengan penyusunan sistem peringatan dini yang melibatkan berbagai instansi terkait dan dukungan masyarakat.

---

Efforts by law enforcement officers have not succeeded in eradicating the circulation of medicinal chemicals-contained herbal medicine or also known as Jamu Berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). One of the causes is sporadic reactive action, which gives opportunities for law offenders to adapt and continue to innovate in carrying out their operational mode to avoid pressure from law enforcement. In order to overcome this issue, national awareness as an early warning system regarding the threat of BKO herbal medicine distribution is required. Such early warning system comprises a series of technologies, policies and procedures devised specifically for predicting and mitigating the impact of BKO herbal medicine circulation. This research uses the qualitative approach with collection and analysis method in data processing. Triangulation techniques are used to ensure the validity of both primary and secondary data. The results showed that the involvement of state intelligence components and the active participation of the community becomes absolutely necessary for the success of early warning system or early warning related to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine. National Intelligence Agencies (BIN) as the coordinator of all intelligences in state institutions must perform the function as central intelligence committee (Kominpus). The one-stop integrated system namely Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) should maintain cooperation between institutions such as BPOM, BIN, Customs and Excise, Police and society. Early warning system presents 4 main components, such as risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, as well as response capability. As a suggestion, in eradicating and preventing the circulation of BKO herbal medicine, a study to assess the potential loss of the state due to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine should be conducted. The results of these studies serve as a basis for building national awareness and are followed up by the preparation of an early warning system involving various relevant agencies and community support."

"Pembaharuan izin harus dilakukan oleh industri obat tradisional paling lama 2 (dua) tahun sejak diundangkan (23 Februari 2012) sesuai dengan Permenkes Nomor 006 tahun 2012. Capaian pembaharuan izin IOT di Propinsi DKI Jakarta hingga Maret 2015 belum optimal yaitu sebesar 36,36%. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam implementasi pembaharuan izin IOT di Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggali informasi secara mendalam dari 4 (empat) IOT pada bulan April-Juni 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tujuan kebijakan telah dipahami oleh pelaksana sehingga memiliki tingkat kepatuhan cukup baik. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam CPOTB terkait sumber daya finansial, karena membutuhkan investasi yang cukup besar untuk pemenuhannya. Penetapan klaster terhadap kemampuan pemenuhan CPOTB bagi IOT yang terdaftar serta pendampingan dalam memenuhi seluruh persyaratan diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan pembaharuan izin IOT.

---

Renewal of licenses should be done by the traditional medicine industry at most for 2 (two) years since its enactment (February 23, 2012) in accordance with Decree No. 006 of 2012. The achievement of IOT license renewal in DKI Jakarta until March 2015 has not been optimal yet, around 36.36%. Therefore this study was conducted to identify factors that become obstacles in the implementation of IOT license renewal in DKI Jakarta. This study used a qualitative approach to explore in depth information of 4 (four) IOT in April-June 2015.

The results showed policy objectives has been understood by the executors that have a fairly good level of compliance. Obstacles encountered in related CPOTB financial resources, as it requires substantial investment to fulfillment. Determination of clusters towards fulfillment capabilities CPOTB for IOT listed as well as assistance in meeting all the requirements expected to be a solution to the problem of renewal of licenses IOT."

"Herbal medicines in general are safer than modern drug. This matter is caused by the less side effect of herbal medicines than modern drug. Side effects of herbal medicines can be reduced with the used of right materials, accurat dose, accurat usage time, accurat way of usage, accurat analyze information, and without abusing of herbal medicines itself. Accuracy of materials determine the effect of herbal medicines. Dose measuring in set of gram can lessen possibility the happening of effect which do not be expected. Information which is not supported by adequate basic knowledges and enough study can make traditional drug return to endangering."

"[Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perilaku demedikalisasi dari pasien pengguna obat herbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep demedikalisasi oleh Peter Conrad dan penggunaan obat herbal oleh Calixto. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik survei terhadap 100 responden dan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat perilaku demedikalisasi diantara pasien pengguna obat herbal adalah rendah, namun tingkat penggunaan obat herbal tinggi. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan antara persepsi penggunaan obat herbal dengan perilaku demedikalisasi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya ketakutan yang dirasakan oleh pasien Klinik Sehat terhadap efek samping yang akan ditimbulkan oleh obat-obatan medis. Selain itu, faktor yang berpengaruh adalah obat herbal dirasa menjadi suatu solusi kesehatan yang aman dan bebas dari efek samping. Saran berupa perlu adanya penguatan peran pemerintah dalam mengatur kegiatan medis. Hal ini dilakukan agar kegiatan medis lebih teratur dan lebih aman bagi masyarakat.;This study discuss the demedicalization behavior among herbal medicine patients. This study uses the concept of demedicalization by Peter Conrad and the use of herbal medicine by Calixto. Using quantitative approach with survey technique to 100 respondents and using accidental sampling technique. The results shows that the level of demedicalization behavior among herbal medicine patients are low, however the level of the use of herbal medicine are high. However, there?s a relationship between the use of herbal medicine perception and demedicalization behavior. This is caused by the fear felt by the patient Clinic of side effects that would be caused by medical drugs. In addition, factors that influence is felt to be a herbal medicine health solutions that are safe and free from side effects. Suggestions such as the need for strengthening the role of government in regulating medical activity. This is done so that medical activities more organized and safer for the public., This study discuss the demedicalization behavior among herbal medicine patients. This study uses the concept of demedicalization by Peter Conrad and the use of herbal medicine by Calixto. Using quantitative approach with survey technique to 100 respondents and using accidental sampling technique. The results shows that the level of demedicalization behavior among herbal medicine patients are low, however the level of the use of herbal medicine are high. However, there’s a relationship between the use of herbal medicine perception and demedicalization behavior. This is caused by the fear felt by the patient Clinic of side effects that would be caused by medical drugs. In addition, factors that influence is felt to be a herbal medicine health solutions that are safe and free from side effects. Suggestions such as the need for strengthening the role of government in regulating medical activity. This is done so that medical activities more organized and safer for the public.]"