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"Stephen K. Medvic's Campaigns and Elections addresses two distinct but related aspects of American electoral democracy-both the processes that constitute campaigns and elections and the players who are involved. In addition to this balanced coverage on process and actors, it also gives equal billing to both campaigns and elections, and to contests for both legislative and executive positions at the national and state and local level. The book starts by providing students with the conceptual distinctions between what happens in an election and the campaigning that proc."

"Turisme adalah bahasan yang acapkali kalah pamor dibandingkan dengan bahasan Hubungan Internasional yang lain. Padahal, sifatnya sendiri adalah menghubungkan antar dua negara dan aktor-aktor terkait di dalamnya, serta menjadi sumber penghasilan bagi kedua negara. Tugas karya akhir ini kemudian akan membahas mengenai satu tipe dari turisme yang dapat menjembatani kedua bidang studi tersebut, yaitu volunteer tourism atau turisme sukarelawan. Secara definisi, turisme sukarelawan adalah turisme yang mengajak partisipannya untuk berkontribusi balik, atau membantu, tempat yang ia kunjungi. Secara teori, bentuk turisme ini diharapkan menjadi bentuk turisme yang lebih ramah lingkungan daripada turisme masal. Namun secara praktik, bentuk turisme ini menimbulkan masalah yang jauh lebih dalam daripada degradasi lingkungan dan komunitas. Tulisan ini akan memetakan tema-tema dari literatur yang muncul mengenai turisme sukarelawan. Tema-tema tersebut termasuk (1) turisme sukarelawan sebagai turisme alternatif yang berkelanjutan, (2) turisme sukarelawan sebagai turisme tidak ramah lingkungan, (3) turisme sukarelawan sebagai bentuk dominasi Barat, dan (4) turisme sukarelawan dalam dunia neoliberal. Tulisan ini kemudian akan menganalisa tema-tema di atas, dan munculnya perdebatan akan etikalitas dari turisme sukarelawan. Penulis menutup dengan kesimpulan bahwa turisme sukarelawan memang tidak etis, terutama dengan tumpuan nilai neokolonial-neoliberal, dan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah untuk meninjau ulang perlunya diselenggarakan kegiatan ini.

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The topic of tourism is one of the most underappreciated topics in International Relations studies, despite its clear role of connecting two countries together and bringing in revenue. Tourism also transcends the boundary of state with its local actor and stakeholders. This literature review then tries to address this gap by reviewing one form of tourism that potentially bridges tourism and international relations together, which is volunteer tourism. Volunteer tourism is a form of tourism that encourages the tourist to give back or ‘help’ the host community. Theoretically, this form of alternative tourism supposedly has a more sustainable approach to tourism than its mass counterpart. In practice however, this form of tourism creates more problem than what it can solve. This exceeds its blatant environmental and community degradation. This literature review then attempts to map the themes occurring in the volunteer tourism discourse. The themes found are; (1) volunteer tourism as a sustainable form of alternative tourism, (2) volunteer tourism as an environmentally degrading form of tourism, (3) volunteer tourism as a form of Western supremacy, and (4) volunteer tourism in a neoliberal world. This literature review will then analyze said themes, noting the debate regarding the ethicality of volunteer tourism. Lastly, this review will summarize that volunteer tourism will never be ‘ethical’ as long as it’s built on neoliberalism and neocolonialism. One then recommends the government to reassess thoroughly volunteer tourism in its practice."