Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"After Japanese taking over Indonesia from the Dutch, they have built military bases across the country. Every one of it is completed with adjunct comfort station, a place for serving Japanese army's biological needs. Comfort station is filled with Indonesian women called jugun-ianfu. Jugun-ianfu is a form of concentrated systematic rape. Jugun-ianfu is a value system that Japanese brought to Indonesia. And yet, it is a form of crime that Japanese conduct to Indonesian women. It is an ideal value system for Japanese, not Indonesian women. They have tried to impose their culture values over Indonesian women. Culture hegemony is a term that never discussed comprehensively in jugun-ianfu discourse. It was only explain about victim's condition, Indonesian's social condition and jugun-ianfu's related law process. This research's purpose is to discuss how jugun-ianfu could be seen as Japanese culture hegemony over Indonesia. This research utilizes qualitative method in order to yields descriptive data as a result. Thus could represent Japan's social condition before and after their presence in Indonesia, Indonesia's social condition and form of hegemony which Japanese have creates. The data has divided to primary and secondary. Primary data obtained from deep interview with Mr. Mardiyono (late Mrs. Mardiyem's son), Mr. Budi Hartono (late Mrs. Mardiyem's lawyer), and Dwi Mulyatari (Indonesian History tutor staff at Cultural Science Faculty, University of Indonesia). Then the secondary data obtained from literatures and newspaper clipping related to jugunianfu."

"Penelitian menganalisis pengaruh Enviromental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan, Nilai Perusahaan, dan Efisiensi Investasi perusahaan non-finansial di ASEAN selama periode 2018 hingga 2022, serta peran Board Cultural Diversity dalam memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi panel data dengan Generalized Least Squares (GLS) menggunakan data sekunder dari Refinitiv-Eikon dan laporan tahunan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ESG berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas (ROAt+1) dan efisiensi investasi, tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan (Tobin’s Q). Board Cultural Diversity memperkuat pengaruh positif ESG terhadap profitabilitas, namun tidak signifikan untuk nilai perusahaan dan efisiensi investasi. Penelitian menyarankan agar perusahaan lebih fokus pada pengembangan dan pelaksanaan strategi ESG serta meningkatkan keberagaman budaya dalam direksi untuk memaksimalkan manfaat dari inisiatif ESG.

---

This study analyzes the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on the profitability, firm value, and investment efficiency of non-financial companies in ASEAN from 2018 to 2022. It also examines the moderating role of Board Cultural Diversity on these relationships. The method used is panel data regression with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) using secondary data from Refinitiv-Eikon and company annual reports. The results show that ESG has a significant positive impact on profitability (ROAt+1) and investment efficiency but is not significant for firm value (Tobin’s Q). Board Cultural Diversity strengthens the positive impact of ESG on profitability but is not significant for firm value and investment efficiency. The study suggests that companies should focus on developing and implementing ESG strategies and enhancing cultural diversity in the board of directors to maximize the benefits of ESG initiatives."

"Conflict is a socio economic phenomenon that has trended upward since the end of the Cold War all over the world and causes a condition called global tension. Indonesia has high ethnic diversity and high income inequality and thus has also seen an upward trend of conflict that is called Indonesian tension. Because of the upward trend, there are many studies about conflict, but the results are divergent. It is debatable whether conflict was caused by social issues such as ethnic diversity or economic aspects such as income inequality.This research aims to examine the relationship between ethnic diversity and income inequality in the intensity of conflict by using Village Potency PODES 2011 combined with Population Census 2010 and National Social Economic Survey Susenas 2010. Econometrics estimations using Ordinary Least Square OLS and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial ZINB regression combining with descriptive analysis confirm that there is a U shaped correlation between EFI and the intensity of conflict and a positive correlation between the income gap and the intensity of conflict.Another result is that economic aspects such as electricity, poor people and slum households more influenced the intensity of conflict than social aspects. The implication of these findings is that improvement in economic aspects is the more preferable policy to reduce the intensity of conflict rather than focusing on ethnic diversity, which is heritage and cannot be changed.

---

Konflik adalah sebuah fenomena sosial dan ekonmi dengan tren yang meningkat setelah perang dingin berakhir di seluruh dunia dan menyebabkan adanya kondisi bernama global tension. Kondisi seperti global tension juga dialami oleh Indonesia yang merupakan negara dengan tingkat keberagaman etnik dan ketimpangan yang tinggi atau disebut sebagai Indonesian tension. Dikarenakan tren yang meningkat ini, banyak studi membahas tentang konflik namun menghasilkan kesimpulan yang berbeda. Hasilnya adalah terjadi perdebatan mengenai penyebab konflik apakah disebabkan oleh aspek sosial seperti keberagaman etnik atau aspek ekonomi seperti ketimpangan pendapatan.Penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara keberagaman etnik dan ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap intensitas konflik di Indonesia menggunakan PODES 2011 dikombinasikan Sensus Penduduk 2010 dan Susenas 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi OLS dan ZINB dikombinasikan dengan analisis deskriptif mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan berbentuk U antara EFI dan intensitas/jumlah konflik dan adanya hubungan positif antara ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap intensitas/jumlah konflik.Hasil lainnya adalah variabel kontrol dalam aspek ekonomi seperti tingkat listrik, kodisi kemiskinan serta rumah tangga di kawasan kumuh lebih berpengaruh ke intensitas/jumlah konflik dibandingkan dengan variabel kontrol dalam aspek sosial. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan adalah perbaikan di aspek ekonomi untuk mengurangi konflik di Indonesia dibanding fokus pada keberagaman etnik merupakan warisan yang tidak dapat ditolak."

"Kondisi kehidupan pada masyarakat majemuk sering menimbulkan suatu problematika berupa ketidaksetaraan, diskriminasi kebudayaan dan asimilasi. Munculnya problematika tersebut biasanya didasari atas perbedaan identitas etnis, ras, gender dan agama. Menurut Michael Walzer problematika yang timbul pada masyarakat mejemuk pada dasarnya karena atas usaha suatu kelompok ataupun komunitas tertentu yang menerapkan suatu prinsip keadilan secara universal tanpa mempertimbangkan prinsip keadilan yang partikular. Michael Walzer mengatakan bahwa keadilan merupakan hasil dari konstruksi manusia yang hidup dalam suatu komunitas dengan nilai-nilai yang dianutnya. Oleh karena itu konsekuensinya adalah, tidak akan ada suatu prinsip keadilan yang dapat diterapkan secara universal ditengah-tengah masyarakat majemuk.

---

The condition of life on the plural society often causes problems such as unequality, cultural discrimination and assimilation. The existence of those problems usually based on the etnic differential identity, race, gender, and religion. According to Michael Walzer, the problems that exist on the certain community which applies justice principle universally without considering justice principle particularly. Michael Walzer mentioned that justice is a result of human constructions which lives in a community with values followed by them. The consequence is there will never be justice principle which can be applied universally in the middle of a plural society."

"Berdasarkan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan sensus penduduk sejak 2010, penelitian ini menguji pengaruh keragaman etnis terhadap ketimpangan pengeluaran di Indonesia. Ini dicapai dengan menggunakan estimasi OLS menggunakan ethnic fractionalization index (efi) dan ethnic polarization index (epoi) sebagai proksi keanekaragaman etnis. Tanpa variabel kontrol, ethnic fractionalization index adalah positif dan signifikan dalam mempengaruhi ketimpangan pengeluaran di Indonesia. Tidak seperti ethnic fractionalization index, ethnic polarization index dan ketimpangan pengeluaran memiliki hubungan berbentuk U terbalik. Namun, pengaruh keragaman etnis kurang signifikan ketika variabel kontrol ditambahkan ke estimasi. Selain itu, efek keanekaragaman etnis kehilangan signifikansinya ketika memasukkan dummy wilayah ke dalam estimasi. Kami menemukan bahwa semua dummy wilayah secara signifikan mempengaruhi ketimpangan dan mengurangi efek keragaman etnis. Akhirnya, dimasukkannya interaksi antara proxy keragaman etnis dan dummy wilayah mengungkapkan hasil yang tidak terduga. Meskipun tidak signifikan, baik interaksi ethnic fractionalization index atau ethnic polarization index dengan dummy wilayah menunjukkan hubungan negatif.

---

Based on the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and population census from 2010, this study examines the effect of ethnic diversity on expenditure inequality in Indonesia. This is achieved using the OLS estimation using ethnic fractionalization index (efi) and ethnic polarization index (epoi) as the proxy of ethnic diversity. Without the control variable, the ethnic fractionalization index is positive and significant in affecting expenditure inequality in Indonesia. Unlike the ethnic fractionalization index, the ethnic polarization index and expenditure inequality have an inverted U-shaped relationship. However, the effect of ethnic diversity is less significant when control variables are added to the estimation. Additionally, the effect of ethnic diversity loses its significance when incorporating regional dummies into the estimation. We found that all regional dummies significantly affect inequality and diminish the ethnic diversity effect. Finally, the inclusion of the interaction term between ethnic diversity proxy and regional dummies reveals an unexpected result. Though not significant, both interactions of the ethnic fractionalization index or the ethnic polarization index with regional dummies show a negative relationship."

"Parmalim merupakan sebuah agama asli Batak yang berasal dari Sumatera Utara. Parmalim cabang Tangerang sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2001. Salah satu hal yang penting dimiliki dalam Parmalim untuk mencapai suatu tujuannya adalah terciptanya kohesi sosial melalui interaksi dan aktivitas sosial. Kohesi sosial merupakan karakteristik masyarakat yang menunjukkan ketergantungan antar- individu. Penelitian ini membahas tentang ikatan sosial yang terjadi pada anggota Parmalim Tangerang dikaitkan dengan ruang terjadinya interaksi dan aktivitas sosial. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif berupa studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan keruangan. Hasil tipologi kohesi sosial yang terbentuk yaitu bonding social untuk hubungan internal anggota Parmalim atas dasar kepentingan kekerabatan & ibadah, bridging social untuk hubungan eksternal Parmalim Tangerang dengan dasar kepentingan organisasi Parmalim dan kehidupan bermasyarakat, serta linking social dengan dasar kepentingan kehidupan bermasyarakat. Pola spasial kohesivitas sosial yang dihasilkan oleh ketua cabang (Ulu Punguan) Parmalim Tangerang berbeda dengan anggota Parmalim (orangtua dan anak muda/naposo). Perbedaan tersebut terlihat pada ruang sosial didasarkan pada aktivitas sosial yang terjadi.

---

Parmalim is a native Batak religion originating from North Sumatra. The Tangerang branch of Parmalim has been established since 2001. One of the important things in Parmalim to achieve its goals is the creation of social cohesion through social interactions and activities. Social cohesion is a characteristic of society that shows inter-individual dependence. This study discusses the social ties that occur in members of Parmalim Tangerang associated with the space for interaction and social activities. The data used in this research are qualitative data in the form of literature studies, observations, and in-depth interviews. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method using a spatial approach. The results of the typology of social cohesion that are formed are social bonding for internal relations of Parmalim members on the basis of kinship & worship interests, social bridging for external relations of Parmalim Tangerang on the basis of Parmalim organizational interests and community life, and social linking on the basis of the interests of social life. The spatial pattern of social cohesiveness produced by the branch chairman (Ulu Punguan) of Parmalim Tangerang is different from that of Parmalim members (parents and youth /naposo). This difference can be seen in the social space based on the social activities that occur."

"Keberagaman sosio - kultural yang dimiliki oleh bangs aIndonesia, di samping menjadi kebanggan dan potensi kekayaan yang tak ternilai, tetapi juga mengandung potensi konflik yang amat besar...."

"This article discusses how Indonesian state manages its religious diversity. The state policies on religious diversity cannot be understood without analyzing the history of how the founding fathers decided to choose Indonesia as neither secular nor Islamic country, but somewhere the two...."