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"Latar belakang Prediabetes merupakan kondisi di mana kadar glukosa darah di atas normal, namun belum memenuhi standar diagnosis diabetes. Kondisi ini merupakan tahap kritis di mana bila tidak dilakukan perubahan gaya hidup dan pengobatan yang adekuat, subjek dapat jatuh pada diagnosis diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh prevalensi prediabetes di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor prediksinya. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan oleh Divisi Metabolik Endokrin Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI/RSCM dan Pusat Diabetes dan Lipid Jakarta dengan disain potong lintang, menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia tahun 2007. Total responden adalah 24417 subjek dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan terhadap karakteristik, uji korelasi, faktor-faktor prediksi, dan analisis ukuran dampak/efek. Hasil Prevalensi prediabetes di Indonesia diperoleh berdasarkan data TGT (toleransi glukosa terganggu) sebesar 10%. Faktor-faktor prediksi prediabetes di Indonesia adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia lanjut, status sosial ekonomi tinggi, tingkat pendidikan rendah, hipertensi, obesitas, obesitas sentral, dan kebiasaan merokok. Prioritas pencegahan diabetes dan prediabetes di Indonesia diarahkan pada target antara penurunan tekanan darah (Attributable Risk/AR 56.5%), pengecilan lingkar pinggang (AR 47.3%), dan berhenti merokok (AR 44.4%). Kesimpulan Prevalensi prediabetes di Indonesia sangat besar (10%) sehingga perlu dilakukan strategi pencegahan baik terhadap prediabetes maupun progresivitas prediabetes menjadi diabetes. Implementasi berbagai strategi itu dirangkum dan dijalankan melalui Indonesian Diabetes Prevention Program (IDPP).

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AbstractBackground Pre-diabetes is a state where glucose level higher than normal, but not satisfsatisfyies the criteria for diabetes. This condition is very critical, so that if subject don?t do lifestyle modification and pharmacology therapy, they could fall to diabetes. This research objective is to describe the prevalence and predictors of pre-diabetes in Indonesia. Research method A cross-sectional study was conducted by Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine FMUI/RSCM and Jakarta Diabetes and Lipid Center using secondary data from National Health Survey 2007. Total respondents are 24417 subjects from 33 provinces in Indonesia. We analyze characteristics, correlation, predictors, and attributable risks for some predictors of pre-diabetes and diabetes. Results Prevalence of pre-diabetes (based on impaired glucose tolerance data) in Indonesia is 10%. Predictors of pre-diabetes are male, old-age, high socio-economic status, low education level, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, and smoking. Priority for pre-diabetes and diabetes prevention in Indonesia directed to decrease blood pressure (Attributable Risk/AR 56.5%), reduce waist circumference (AR 47.3%), and stop smoking (AR 44.4%). Conclusion Prevalence of pre-diabetes in Indonesia is high so that we need a prevention strategy for pre-diabetes and the development from pre-diabetes to diabetes. The implementation of those strategies is compiled in the Indonesian Diabetes Prevention Program. "

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan faktor risiko dominan dan membuat skor risiko diabetes tidak terdiagnosis (UDDM) dan prediabetes. Metode: Pembuatan skor risiko berdasarkan data yang tersedia hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013, dengan kriteria ≥ 18 tahun, baru terdiagnosis saat Riskesdas, tidak menderita penyakit kronis/menular lainnya. Nilai koefisien β hasil analisis regresi logistik multinomial model prediksi digunakan untuk mengenmbangkan skor. Keakuratan skor prediksi diabetes dan prediabetes dinilai dengan ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Hasil: Dua model prediksi dikembangkan menjadi skor risiko. Model 1 prediksi diabetes tidak terdiagnosis dengan 7 prediktor AUC 73,5%, sen 62,2%, spes 70,8%, PPV 12,8%, NPV 96,5%, titik potong ≥22, model 2 prediksi diabetes tidak terdiagnosis dengan 5 prediktor AUC 72,4%, sen 68,3%, spes 64,7%, PPV 11,8%, NPV 96,7%, titik potong ≥20. Prediksi prediabetes tidak dikembangkan menjadi skor karena tidak akurat, tetapi dapat diketahui faktor dominannya. Kesimpulan: Indonesia dapat memiliki perhitungan skor risiko guna memprediksi diabetes yang tidak terdiagnosis berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar yang tersedia. Skor Risiko tersebut dapat digunakan tenaga kesehatan untuk mengidentifikasi individu dengan risiko tinggi dan masyarakat awam mampu menggunakan skor tersebut.

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Objective: This studi aims to find the risk factors and develop risk score for undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Method: Risk score made based on available data from Basic Health Research 2013 in Indonesia, with criteria 18-55 years old, newly diagnosed diabetes, and not affected by chronic /infectious diseases before.β coeff value from multinomial logistic regression analysis results of predictive models are used to develop risk score. The accuracy of risk score assessed with ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Result: 2 prediction models are use to develop risk score. The accuracy form 7 predictors for undiagnosed diabetes in model 1 are AUC 73.5%, sen 62.2%, spes 70.8%, PPV 12.8%, NPV 96.5%, cut off ≥22. The accuracy form 5 predictors for undiagnosed diabetes in model 2 are AUC 72.4%, sen 68.3%, spes 64.7%, PPV 11.8%, NPV 96.7%, cut off ≥20 . Score predikction for diabetes not developed, because of poor accuray, but the result of analysis can showed prediabetes dominant risk factors. Conclusion: Indonesia may have a risk score calculation for predicting undiagnosed diabetes based on data from Health Research provided. The risk score can be used by health workers to indentified individuals with high-risk and the general public are able to use these scores."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronik serius yang menyebabkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolisme yang merupakan suatu kumpulan gejala yang timbul pada seseorang karena adanya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah diatas nilai normal. Prevalensi global diabetes meningkat 2 kali lipat sejak tahun 1980 dari 4.7% menjadi 8.5%. Kejadian diabetes melitus di DKI Jakarta dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat, bahkan pada tahun 2018 DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi tertinggi dengan kejadian diabetes melitus di Indonesia yaitu sebesar 3.4%, dimana kejadian diabetes melitus di DKI Jakarta melebihi angka nasional yaitu 2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, uji statistik menggunakan chi square untuk meihat prediktif faktor yang berhubunagn dengan diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari program skirining Faktor Risiko PTM berbasis Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (POSBINDU) Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta tahun 2018. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara umur (POR 6.6 95%CI 6.125-7.151), jenis kelamin (POR 1.5 95%CI 1.411-1.614), tingkat pendidikan (POR 1.6 95%CI 1.549-1.770), riwayat keluarga (POR 18.6 95%CI 17.393-19.954), indeks massa tubuh (POR 2.1 95%CI 2.046-2.356), tekanan darah (POR 5.5 95%CI 5.219-5.942) dan obesitas sentral (POR 2.04 95%CI 1.914-2.188) dengan diabetes melitus. Status merokok bukan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes melitus.

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Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that causes public health problems. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is a collection of symptoms that arise in a person because of an increase in blood glucose levels above normal values. The global prevalence of diabetes has increased since 1980 from 4.7% to 8.5%. The incidence of diabetes mellitus in DKI Jakarta has increased from year to year, Diabetes melitus even in 2018 DKI Jakarta is the highest province with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia which is 3.4%, where the incidence of diabetes mellitus in DKI Jakarta exceeds the national figure of 2%. This study aims to determine factors associated with diabetes mellitus. This study uses a cross sectional design, statistical tests using chi square to see the predictive factors associated with diabetes mellitus. This study uses secondary data from the Integrated Coaching Post-based PTM Risk Factor screening program (POSBINDU) of the DKI Jakarta Health Office in 2018. The results of the bivariate analysis showed an association between age (POR 6.6 95% CI 6.125-7.151), gender (POR 1.5 95% CI 1,411-1,614), education level (POR 1.6 95% CI 1,549-1,770), family history (POR 18.6 95% CI 17,393-19,954), body mass index (POR 2.1 95% CI 2,046-2,356), blood pressure (POR 5.5 95% CI 5.219-5,942) and central obesity (POR 2.04 95% CI 1,914-2,188) with diabetes mellitus. Smoking status is not a factor associated with diabetes mellitus."

"[Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 274 orang mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun 2014. Presentasi torus palatinus dilihat melalui inspeksi dan palpasi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus sebanyak 77,4% dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (86,9% vs. 69,7%, P = 0,001). Pada laki-laki, torus palatinus berukuran kecil (<3 mm) ditemukan paling banyak (67,9%), sementara pada perempuan, torus palatinus berukuran sedang (3-6 mm) mendominasi (50,9%) dengan nilai P <0,001. Berdasarkan jumlahnya, torus palatinus paling banyak ditemukan berjumlah satu buah pada laki-laki dan perempuan dengan persentase yang sedikit berbeda (92,5% dan 88,7% secara berurutan, P = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat.;The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population., The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population.]"

"Tujuan Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor prediksi dan biomarker dalam perkembangan lesi prakanker leher rahim atau neoplasia serviks intraepitel (CIN).Metode Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2007 hingga September 2008. Desain penelitian adalah kasus-kontrol dengan stratifikasi uji respons dosis. Kasus adalah penderita dengan CIN. Kontrol adalah pasien non CIN. Dilakukan analisis bivariat diikuti dengan analisis multivariat.Hasil Ada 130 pasien, yang terdiri dari 124 pasien yaitu CIN 1, CIN 2 dan CIN 3, dengan jumlah masing-masing 30, 41,33, dan 26 pasien non CIN. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa umur <41 tahun, pendidikan ≥ 13 tahun, mitra seksual ≥ 2, hubungan HPV DNA positif, ekspresi p16INK4a, Ki-67, MCM5 dan Survivin tinggi merupakan variabel independen untuk terjadinya CIN dengan nilai P <0,05. Namun demikian, hasil analisis multivariat, menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yang ditemukan adalah umur, pendidikan ≥ 13 tahun, ≥ 2 orang mitra seksual, HPV DNA positif, dan ekspresi berlebih p16INK4a, Ki-67 dan Survivin yang menunjukkan nilai P <0,005. Kesimpulan Usia muda, pendidikan usia ≥ 13 tahun, mitra seksual ≥ 2 orang, HPV DNA positif, ekspresi p16INK4a,Ki-67 dan Survivin tinggi merupakan faktor risiko untuk terjadinya peningkatan CIN, dan digunakan dalam persamaan untuk memprediksi peningkatan lesi prakanker serviks.

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Aim To identify the predictive factors and biomarkers in the progression of cervical precancer lesion or Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Methods The study was conducted from August 2007 to September 2008. Design of the study was case-control with stratifications of test dose response. The cases were patients with CIN. Control patients were non CIN patients. Bivariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis was conducted.

Results There were 130 patients, consisting of 124 CIN patients divided into CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3, with the following numbers of patients: 30, 41, and 33, respectively and 26 patients without CIN (non CIN). Bivariate analysis showed that age < 41 years, education ≥ 13 years, sexual partner ≥ 2, fi rst sexual relationship at age < 22 years, smoking, the presence of sexuallly transmitted infections, positive HPV DNA, high p16INK4a, Ki-67, MCM5 and Survivin expression constituted independent variables for the occurrence of CIN with P value of < 0.05. However, on multivariate analysis, independent variables that emerged were age, education ≥ 13 years, sexual partner ≥ 2 persons, positive HPV DNA, and over expression of p16INK4a, Ki-67 and Survivin that showed a P value of < 0.005. Conclusion Younger ages, education age ≥ 13 years, sexual partner ≥ 2 persons, positive HPV DNA, high p16INK4a,Ki-67 and Survivin expression constituted the risk factors for the occurrence of the progress of CIN, and was used in the equation to predict the progress of cervical precancer lesion."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Ventilasi mekanik (VM) adalah prosedur yang dipilih untukmenyelamatkan bayi dalam kondisi kritis, tetapi merupakan tindakan invasif danperlu pemantauan ketat untuk menghindari barotrauma dan volutrauma.Ekstubasi merupakan upaya untuk penyapihan VM.Tujuan: Mengetahui berapa prevalens keberhasilan ekstubasi dan prediktor apayang berperan dalam keberhasilan ekstubasi pada bayi di NICU RSCM.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitikdengan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektifdengan menggunakan data RM yang lengkap untuk melihat prediktor keberhasilanekstubasi.Hasil: Dari 60 RM yang dikumpukan, diperoleh data bayi yang berhasildiekstubasi dan data dicatat tanda vital 72 jam kemudian didapatkan 55 (91,7%)bayi yang berhasil diekstubasi dan 5 (8,3%) bayi tidak berhasil. Karakteristiksubyek penelitian adalah semua bayi yang dirawat di NICU, dengan UG antara 22- 41 minggu dan BL berkisar antara 820 g sd 4100 g. Pada bayi yang diekstubasidengan merujuk pada hasil AGD, tidak berbeda bermakna antara keberhasilanekstubasi dengan normal tidaknya nilai AGD. Lama pemakaian VM berkisarantara 1- 30 hari. Prediktor ekstubasi yang diteliti adalah setting VM meliputiFiO2, PIP, flow trigger, IT, napas spontan, dan hasil AGD. Pengolahan datadengan regresi logistik terbukti diantara semua prediktor ekstubasi, hanya FiO2saja yang bermakna dengan p value 0.057 dan OR 0.76.Simpulan: Prevalens keberhasilan ekstubasi adalah 91.7%. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkaan bahwa hanya rendahnya setting FiO2 yang terbukti secara statistiksebagai prediktor keberhasilan ekstubasi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Mechanical ventilation (VM) is a procedure which is chosen tosave the baby in critical condition, bu it is an invasive procedure and need closemonitoring to avoid barotrauma and volutrauma. Extubation was an attempt toweaning VM.Objective: To determine prevalence and predictors of successful extubation ininfants in the NICU RSCM.Methods: The study was design observational analytic research with crosssectional design. Data collected by retrospectively using complete medical record(MR) data to decided prevalence and predictors of successful extubation.Results: Of the 60 MR was collected, the data obtained were successfullyextubated infants and data recorded vital signs 72 hours later obtained 55 (91.7%)infants were successfully extubated and 5 (8.3%) infants did not succees.Characteristics of the study subjects were all babies admitted to the NICU,with GA between 22-41 weeks and BW ranged from 820 g up to 4100 g. Referto the results of blood gas analysis (BGA) normal or not was not significantlydifferent between succesful extubated. Long of used MV ranging between 1 to30 days. Predictors of extubation were studied were MV settings include FiO2,PIP, flow trigger, IT, spontaneous breath, and the results of BGA. Processing ofdata by logistic regresion among all predictors extubation, only setting FiO2 aresignificant with p value 0.057 and OR 0.76.Conclusion: Prevalence successful extubation is 91.7%. Research results thatonly the low setting FiO2 statistically proven as a predictor of extubation, Background: Mechanical ventilation (VM) is a procedure which is chosen tosave the baby in critical condition, bu it is an invasive procedure and need closemonitoring to avoid barotrauma and volutrauma. Extubation was an attempt toweaning VM.Objective: To determine prevalence and predictors of successful extubation ininfants in the NICU RSCM.Methods: The study was design observational analytic research with crosssectional design. Data collected by retrospectively using complete medical record(MR) data to decided prevalence and predictors of successful extubation.Results: Of the 60 MR was collected, the data obtained were successfullyextubated infants and data recorded vital signs 72 hours later obtained 55 (91.7%)infants were successfully extubated and 5 (8.3%) infants did not succees.Characteristics of the study subjects were all babies admitted to the NICU,with GA between 22-41 weeks and BW ranged from 820 g up to 4100 g. Referto the results of blood gas analysis (BGA) normal or not was not significantlydifferent between succesful extubated. Long of used MV ranging between 1 to30 days. Predictors of extubation were studied were MV settings include FiO2,PIP, flow trigger, IT, spontaneous breath, and the results of BGA. Processing ofdata by logistic regresion among all predictors extubation, only setting FiO2 aresignificant with p value 0.057 and OR 0.76.Conclusion: Prevalence successful extubation is 91.7%. Research results thatonly the low setting FiO2 statistically proven as a predictor of extubation]"

"The role and size of Japanese direct investment in Indonesia between the era of Orde Lama under Former President Soekarno and Orde Baru under Former President Soeharto was significantly changed. There was a rapid increase in Japanese direct investment starting in the Soeharto era. However a comprehensive historical survey is still lacking. (at any rate in the Indonesian or English language). This article hopes to fill this gap. This article provides a historical survey of the rise of Japanese direct investment in Indonesia since the late 1960s. It discusses the historical roots and the various phases of expansion provide information on the size and distribution by sector and discuss the major Japanese investors and their Indonesian counterparts. This historical survey is divided into four distinct phases: rapid expansion (1969-1976), relative stagnation (1977-1988), renewed expansion (1989-1997) and adaptation to the Asian economic crisis and its aftermath (as from 1998). Continuity has been conditioned by the general political climate in Indonesia and long-run changes in complementarities between the two countries rather than by short-run changes in foreign investment regulations. "

"This paper is written based on the riview of some studies, literatures and secondary data from some sources. For more than three decades, some efforts have been done and succesfully reduced the number of poverty, from 40 percent in 1970s to 11 percent in 1996....."