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"[Latar belakang. Infeksi virus hepatitis B (VHB) di Indonesia masih tinggi dengan rerata prevalensi 9,4%. Tingginya prevalensi HB ini terkait dengan terjadinya infeksi VHB pada masa dini kehidupan, terutama melalui transmisi vertikal. Di Indonesia proporsi transmisi vertikal 45,9% dan 5,2% ibu hamil HBsAgnya positif. Cara paling efektif mengontrol infeksi VHB adalah dengan imunisasi, namun terdapat perbedaan seroproteksi titer anti-HBs pada usia lebih dari 10 tahun di berbagai tempat. Selain itu terdapat faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi titer anti-HBs, namun penelitian ini masih jarang dan belum pernah dilakukan di Manado.Tujuan. Mengetahui seroproteksi titer anti-HBs dan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi titer anti- HBs tersebut.Metode. Penelitian analitik observational dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan stratified random sampling pada usia 10-15 tahun di Kecamatan Tuminting, Kota Manado sejak Oktober sampai November 2014. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS 22.Hasil. Dari 48 sekolah terpilih 10 sekolah dengan 105 anak sebagai subyek penelitian, namun hanya 23 anak yang mempunyai seroprotektif (21,9%). Sebanyak 76 (72,4%) subyek adalah perempuan, 78 (74,3%) subyek berstatus gizi baik dan 98 (93,3%) subyek memiliki berat badan lahir ≥ 2.500 gram. Dari buku imunisasi didapatkan 26 (24,8%) subyek dengan vaksinasi HB-1 ≤ 7 hari dan 45 (42,9%) subyek dengan jarak HB-2 dan HB-3 ≥ 2 bulan. Didapatkan 86 (81,9%) ibu subyek berusia 20-35 tahun, 64 (60,9%) ibu subyek berpendidikan SMA dan 79 (75,2%) orangtua subyek berpenghasilan ≥ 2 juta per bulan. Analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor pemberian HB-1 < 7 hari atau ≥ 7 hari (p=0,02) dan jarak pemberian HB-2 dengan HB-3< 2 bulan atau ≥ 2 bulan (p<0,001) berperan terhadap seroproteksi HB pada anak.Simpulan. Penelitian ini mendapatkan angka seroproteksi HB yang rendah (21,9%) serta faktor pemberian HB-1 ≤ 7 hari atau > 7 hari dan jarak pemberian HB-2 dengan HB-3 < 2 bulan atau ≥ 2 bulan berperan terhadap seroproteksi HB pada anak usia 10-15 tahun.;Background. Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection in Indonesia is still high with average prevalence of 9.4%. The high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) is related to the occurence of HBV infection during the early life, especially through vertical transmission. In Indonesia proportion of vertical transmission 45.9% and 5.2% pregnant women have HBsAg positive. The most effective way to control HBV infection is with immunization HB, but there is differential in anti-HBs seroprotection titer at the age more than ten years in many locations. In addition there are factors that can affect anti-HBs titer, but these studies are rare and have ever been done in Manado.Objective. Knowing anti-HBs seroprotection titer and factors that can affect the anti-HBs titer.Method. Analitic observational study with cross sectional design. Research was done with stratified random sampling in children age 10-15 years old at Tuminting district, Manado city since October until November 2014. Analise data with SPSS 22.Results. From 48 schools, selected 10 schools with 105 children as subject of research, but only 23 (21.9%) children who were having seroprotective (21,9%). A total of 76 (72.4%) subjects were female, 78 (74.3%) subjects with good nutrition status and 98 (93.3%) subjects had ≥2,500 grams birth weight. From the immunization record book 26 (24.8%) subjects were obtained with HB-1 vaccination done at ≤7 days of age and 45 (42.9%) subjects with the distance between HB-2 and HB-3 were ≥2 months. Mother’s age was found 86 (81.9%) were 20-35 years old, 64 (60.9%) mothers’s education were high school graduated and 79 (75.2%) parents subjects had income ≥2 million per month. From multivariate analysis obtained that administration of HB-1 ≤7 days or >7 days (p=0.02) and distance between administration of HB-2 and HB-3 <2 months or ≥2 months (p<0.001) had important role in HB seroprotection in children.Conclusion. This study obtained a number of low HB seroptotection (21.9%) as well as administration of HB-1 ≤7 days or >7 days and distance between administration of HB-2 and HB-3 <2 months or ≥2 months had important role in HB seroprotection in children age 10-15 years old., Background. Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection in Indonesia is still high with average prevalence of 9.4%. The high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) is related to the occurence of HBV infection during the early life, especially through vertical transmission. In Indonesia proportion of vertical transmission 45.9% and 5.2% pregnant women have HBsAg positive. The most effective way to control HBV infection is with immunization HB, but there is differential in anti-HBs seroprotection titer at the age more than ten years in many locations. In addition there are factors that can affect anti-HBs titer, but these studies are rare and have ever been done in Manado.Objective. Knowing anti-HBs seroprotection titer and factors that can affect the anti-HBs titer.Method. Analitic observational study with cross sectional design. Research was done with stratified random sampling in children age 10-15 years old at Tuminting district, Manado city since October until November 2014. Analise data with SPSS 22.Results. From 48 schools, selected 10 schools with 105 children as subject of research, but only 23 (21.9%) children who were having seroprotective (21,9%). A total of 76 (72.4%) subjects were female, 78 (74.3%) subjects with good nutrition status and 98 (93.3%) subjects had ≥2,500 grams birth weight. From the immunization record book 26 (24.8%) subjects were obtained with HB-1 vaccination done at ≤7 days of age and 45 (42.9%) subjects with the distance between HB-2 and HB-3 were ≥2 months. Mother’s age was found 86 (81.9%) were 20-35 years old, 64 (60.9%) mothers’s education were high school graduated and 79 (75.2%) parents subjects had income ≥2 million per month. From multivariate analysis obtained that administration of HB-1 ≤7 days or >7 days (p=0.02) and distance between administration of HB-2 and HB-3 <2 months or ≥2 months (p<0.001) had important role in HB seroprotection in children.Conclusion. This study obtained a number of low HB seroptotection (21.9%) as well as administration of HB-1 ≤7 days or >7 days and distance between administration of HB-2 and HB-3 <2 months or ≥2 months had important role in HB seroprotection in children age 10-15 years old.]"

"BackgroundProdromal factors of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) are often associated with previous viral infection (60%). The ailment supported by the acquired immunomediated disorder concept. Viral hepatitis is very rarely found in GBS, preceded by cytomegalovirus (15-18%), Campylobacter jejuni (28%), and Epstein-Barr virus (5%). There is no specific etiology of GBS because those viruses usually appear sporadically (subclinically). All hepatitis virus infection can cause neurological complications, including GBS.Case ReportWe report two cases of hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) in GBS patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital during 5 years of observation (1996-2000) from 92 GBS patients. The diagnosis of HAV was based on more than 2 times increment of transaminase enzyme, positive IgM anti HAV, negative HbsAg, and negative IgM ami HCV. The diagnosis of GBS was based on clinical symptoms of acute generalized paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and electromyelography. In both cases, sub-clinical and sporadic symptoms appeared several days before paralysis, which makes it more likely that the prodromal period of GBS occurred at the same time of HAV incubation period.DiscussionThe incidence of HAV in GBS patients during 5 years of observation was 2%. This corresponds with the case reported by Verona et al, 1996 and Pelletier et al, 1985, i.e. the presence of peripheral neuropathy (n. facialis and n. occulomotorius). Possible alternative pathways for hepatitis virus complicating as GBS are perivascular and endometrial peripheral nerve infiltration by mononuclear cells, T cell sensitization, stimulation of IL-2 growth factor surface receptor, and B cell stimulation. All of the conditions mentioned above causes necrotizing arteritis, vascular occlusion, and at the end, segmental demyelinization. Hepatitis virus may replicate in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system, subsequently developing into multiple neuropathy disorder and poly arteritis.ConclusionThe diagnoses of HAV and GBS in both cases were established. HAV is one of several viruses that may trigger GBS. In both cases, HAV infection was sub-clinical and sporadic. Symptoms of hepatitis infection subsided along with improvements in the patient's neurological status. Acute viral hepatitis has a wide clinical spectrum and laboratory manifestation that is in accordance with the severity, varying from unclear symptom (anicteric) to jaundice. Acute hepatitis A, B, C infections have the same symptoms in general. However, hepatitis B and C tend to be more severe. The mildest symptoms are transaminase enzyme level increment, no jaundice, gastrointestinal symptoms, flu-like symptoms, and sometimes it can not be diagnosed. The more severe symptoms are jaundice with obvious generalized symptoms.' The incidence of hepatitis A is difficult to be determined accurately because of its characters, i.e. sporadic, endemic, and has a high rate of asymptomatic infection.23-4"

"ABSTRAKPada tahun 1987 dan 1991 terjadi wabah Hepatitis E (HE) di Kabupaten Sintang, Kalimantan Barat. Sampai saat ini di Indonesia belum ada angka-angka yang jelas mengenai prevalensi HE, khususnya mengenai endemisitas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan prevalensi petanda serologik VHE pada penderita tersangka hepatitis akut dan pada orang sehat.Pemeriksaan anti-VHE IgG dilakukan terhadap 192 sampel (31 anak, 161 dewasa) penderita tersangka hepatitis akut dan 75 sampel dari orang sehat. Hasil anti-VHE IgG yang positif dikonfirmasi dengan Western Blot (WB).Tidak dijumpai anti-VHE IgG positif pada populasi sehat yaitu donor darah. Di Jakarta dijumpai hepatitis virus E secara endemik, dengan prevalensi anti-VHE IgG pada kelompok tersangka hepatitis akut sebesar 3,3%. Dari 48 orang dewasa tersangka hepatitis A akut ada 1 orang dengan anti-VHE IgG positif setelah konfirmasi. Adanya hasil anti-VHA IgM dan anti-VHE IgG positif mungkin disebabkan oleh adanya superinfeksi dari HA atau terjadi infeksi ganda HA dan HE. Pada anak tersangka hepatitis akut maupun hepatitis A (HA) akut tidak ada yang anti-VHE IgG positif.Penelitian HE masih perlu dilanjutkan untuk mengetahui sampai berapa jauh dampaknya di Indonesia. Kriteria sampel dan keadaan lingkungan hidup dapat mempengaruhi prevalensi penyakit. Untuk HE akut sebaiknya dilakukan pemeriksaan anti-VHE IgM bila reagen anti-VHE IgM sudah tersedia. Pemeriksaan ini dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu pemeriksaan pada penderita hepatitis yang diduga penularannya melalui fekal-oral, terutama pada daerah endemis.

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ABSTRACTEpidemies of Hepatitis E at Sintang, West Kalimantan on 1987 and 1991 were reported. However, endemicity of this disease in Indonesia is still unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of serologic marker for HEV in patients with suspected acute hepatitis as well as in healthy individuals.IgG Anti-HEV was determined on 192 samples from patients with suspected acute hepatitis (31 children and 161 adults), and 75 samples of blood donors. Positive results were confirmed by Western blot method.None of the blood donors positive for IgG anti-HEV. We found viral hepatitis Eendemic in Jakarta with prevalence of 3,3% among acute hepatitis patients. One out of 48 adult patients with suspected hepatitis A was anti-HEV confirmed positive, this finding probably caused by HAV superinfection or coinfection of HAV and HEV. None of children with suspected acute hepatitis or hepatitis A was anti-HEV positive.This study need to be continued on other places in Indonesia to find how big the problem of HEV infection is. For diagnosis of acute hepatitis E, IgM anti-HEV should be used. Anti-HEV should be considered as one of parameters in diagnosis of patients with acute hepatitis, especially in endemic areas."

"Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi membawa program imunisasi ke dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan yang bermutu dan efisien. Upaya terscbut didukung dengan kemajuan yang pesat dalam penemuan vaksin baru. Kemajuan lainnya adalah menggabungkan beberapa jenis vaksin dalam satu kemasan/vial. Salah satu vaksin tersebut adalah Vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo, yang mcrupakan kombinasi antara vaksin DPT dan Hepatitis B.Kabupaten Tangerang masih menggunakan 3 jenis vaksin dalarn imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B, yaitu vaksin DPT, Hepatitis B Vial dan DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Sejauh ini belum diketahui vaksin mana yang lebih cost Mctive antara DPT dan Hepatitis B Vial dengan DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui vaksin manakah yang lebih cost effective dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B di Kabupaten Tangerang.Peneilitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Cisoka yang menggunakan vaksin DPT dari Hepatitis B Vial, dan Puskesmas Jayanti yang menggunakan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Operasional Research, dasar penilaian Cost effectiveness menggunakan sistem atau metode Acifivily Based Costing (ABC).Hasil penclitian menunjukkan bahwa niiai Cost Ejjieclive Rario (CER) penggunaan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Vial lebih besar dibandingkan dengan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo, yaitu CER berdasarkan cakupan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Vial scbcsar Rp. 151.981 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo sebesar Rp. 85.l27. CBR Indeks pemakaian Vaksin DPT » Hepatitis B Vial scbcsar Rp. 21.788470 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo scbcsar Rp. 2l.2l7.8l9. CER berdasarkan dosis vaksin terbuang vaksin DPT -» Hepatitis B vial sebesar Rp. 16,510,787 dan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo sebesar Rp. 7.0~'l4.23l. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa vaksin DPT -» Hepatitis B Combo lebih murah dibandingkan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo.Berdasarkan hasil peneiitian disarankan khususnya kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tangerang agar menggunakan vaksin DPT - Hepatitis B Combo dalam pelaksanaan imunisasi DPT dan Hepatitis B.

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Development of science and technology brought immunization program into qualitative and efficiently services management. lt supported by vast progress in finding new vaccine. Other development is gathering various vaccines in one vial. One of the vaccines is DPT Vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo, that representing combination between DPT vaccine and Hepatitis B.Tangerang Regency still utilized three types of vaccine in immunization DPT and Hepatitis B, there are DPT vaccine, Hepatitis B Vial and DPT - Hepatitis B Combo. Meanwhile, didn?t know yet whether vaccine is most effective costly between DPT and Hepatitis B Vial with DPT - Hepatitis B Combo.This research conducted to recognize which vaccine is more cost effective in conducting DPT immunization and Hepatitis B at Tangerang Regency. This research conducted in Cisoka Puskesrnas that use DPT vaccine and Hepatitis B Vial, and Jayanti Puskesmas that use DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo. Research designed utilized operational research. Bases on Cost Effectiveness asses? system or method activity based costing (ABC).Research result shows that Cost EiTective Ratio (CER) using DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial value is higher that DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo, which is CER based on coverage of DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 151.981 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 85.l27. CER Index of using DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 2l.788.4'70 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 21.2l7.819. CER based on wasted vaccine dose of DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Vial as much as Rp. 16.5lO.787 and DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as much as Rp. 7.044.23l. This result shows that DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo is more lower at cost.Based on research result, suggested to, especially, Health Agency Tangerang Regency use DPT vaccine - Hepatitis B Combo as altemative vaccine in conducting DPT immunization and Hepatitis B."

"Hepatitis virus A dan E merupakan jenis hepatitis yang termasuk paling sering dijumpai di masyarakat. Secara Minis penyakit hepatitis virus yang akut mempunyai gejala dan tanda antara lain demam, menggigil, sakit kepala, hilang nafsu makan, mual, muntah, lemas, cepat lelah, nyeri begah pada perut, urin seperti air teh dan ikterik.Penularan hepatitis A melalui jalur oro-faecal, erat kaitannya dengan hygiene dan sanitasi, makanan dan penggunaan air untuk keperluan sehari hari. Penyakit hepatitis A masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena sering menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Pada Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) hepatitis A di kecamatan Seputih Raman Kabupaten Metro bulan Agustus sampai dengan September 2000, diduga sumber penularannya antara lain; air tercemar oleh virus hepatitis A dari sarana air yang tidak terlindung. Penelitian. ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan antara penggunaan sumber air sarana tidak terlindung dengan kejadian hepatitis A pada daerah Kejadian Luar Biasa hepatitis A di kecamatan Seputih Raman Kabupaten Metro tahun 2000. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi analitik dengan pendekatan rancangan kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder hasil investigasi KLB hepatitis A di kecamatan Seputih Raman Kabupaten Metro Agustus-September 2000 oleh tim Ditjen.PPM&PL dan Namru-2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan air bersumber dari sarana yang tidak terlindung berhubungan bermakna (p= 0,000) dengan kejadian hepatitis A setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pendidikan, cuci tangan sebelum makan, makan lalap mentah dan makan es mambo dengan kekuatan hubungan OR = 4,945 (Cl; 2,727-8,967).Disarankan kepada puskesmas setempat untuk meningkatkan penyuluhan kesehatan secara langsung maupun melalui media (film, Radio Pemerintah Daerah) agar masyarakat menggunakan air dari sarana yang terlindung sehingga dapat mencegah kejadian penyakit hepatitis A dimasa yang akan datang.Daftar bacaan : 56 (1955-2000).

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The Association between Utilization of Unprotected Water Source Facility and Type A Hepatitis Infection, during Hepatitis A Outbreak, in Sub-district of Seputih Raman, District of Metro, Lampung Province, year 2000Type A and E hepatitis are among the most prevalent viral hepatitis cases occurred in the population. Clinically, the acute viral hepatitis infection may produce several symptoms and signs, such as fever, shivering, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal discomfort. like tea urine color and yellowish skin or eye, etc.

Type A hepatitis is transmitted through oro-fecal route and closely related to hygiene and sanitation of daily food and water use. Hepatitis A infection is still an important public health problem due to its characteristic to frequently induce an outbreak. When type A hepatitis outbreak occurred in sub-district Seputih Raman, District of Metro, Lampung, from August to September 2000, it was suspected that the source of transmission was water contaminated with hepatitis-A virus, due to utilization of unprotected. water source facility.

This case control study was conducted using secondary data of Hepatitis-A outbreak investigation report in sub-district Seputih Raman, District of Metro, Lampung, from August to September 2000. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between utilization of unprotected water source facility and type A Hepatitis infection, during the outbreak.

The study result showed that utilization of unprotected water source facility was significantly associated with the occurrence of Hepatitis-A infection, after controlling other variables (OR=4.95; 95% Cl; 2.73 - 8.97).

It is suggested that local Community Health Center is supposed to enhance health promotion, directly or through the media, to prevent the community from utilizing potentially contaminated water from unprotected source. It is also recommended to reduce the risk of getting infected, by educating the community to avoid drinking water without boiling it or making ice cube or ice cream from unboiled water or eating raw vegetable and to wash hand before eating."

"Hepatitis merupakan peradangan hati akibat infeksi virus. Semua virus hepatitis dapat menyebabkan hepatitis akut. Penyakit hepatitis merupakan penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan yang besar di masyarakat karena penularannya yang relatif mudah. DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi di Indonesia dengan kasus hepatitis akut tertinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi jumlah penderita hepatitis akut khususnya di DKI Jakarta. Beberapa faktor dianggap berkaitan erat dengan tingginya kasus hepatitis akut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan faktor-faktor yang secara signifikan dapat menjelaskan kasus penyakit hepatitis di DKI Jakarta agar dapat diambil tindakan untuk pencegahan munculnya kasus hepatitis akut di masyarakat. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari dinas kesehatan DKI Jakarta tahun 2021. Pemodelan yang sesuai untuk jumlah penderita hepatitis akut adalah model regresi Poisson karena jumlah penderita hepatitis akut merupakan count data. Dalam mengatasi kasus overdispersi pada model regresi Poisson digunakan model regresi Generalized Poisson dan model regresi Binomial Negatif yang lebih sesuai sebagai alternatifnya. Pada penelitian ini, estimasi parameter model dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) yang dibantu dengan metode Newton Raphson. Berdasarkan nilai AIC dari pemodelan yang dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa model terbaiknya adalah model Generalized Poisson Regression. Hasil analisis menemukan 1 variabel yang secara signifikan menjelaskan jumlah penderita hepatitis akut di DKI Jakarta yaitu jumlah penderita diebetes.

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Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver due to a viral infection. All hepatitis viruses can cause acute hepatitis. Hepatitis is an infectious disease which is a major public health problem because of its relatively easy transmission. DKI Jakarta is the province in Indonesia with the highest cases of acute hepatitis. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to reduce the number of acute hepatitis sufferers, especially in DKI Jakarta. Several factors are considered to be closely related to the high incidence of acute hepatitis. The aim of this research is to find factors that can significantly explain cases of hepatitis in DKI Jakarta so that action can be taken to prevent the emergence of cases of acute hepatitis in the community. The data for this study were obtained from the DKI Jakarta health office in 2021. The appropriate modeling for the number of acute hepatitis sufferers is the Poisson regression model because the number of acute hepatitis sufferers is count data. In dealing with cases of overdispersion in the Poisson regression model, Generalized Poisson Regression model and Negative Binomial regression model is used which is more suitable as an alternative. In this study, model parameter estimation was carried out using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method assisted by the Newton Raphson method. Based on the AIC value of the modeling performed, it is found that the best model is the Generalized Poisson Regression model. The results of the analysis found 1 variable that significantly explained the number of acute hepatitis sufferers in DKI Jakarta, namely the number of diabetics."

"Hepatitis akut klinis merupakan penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh adanya peradangan yang bersifat akut pada hepatosit karena adanya agen yang masuk ke dalam sel hepar tersebut. Secara klinis umumnya ditandai dengan Panas, mual/muntah, rasa penuh di perut dan ikterik.Yang tersering di antara hepatitis akut klinis ini antara lain adalah hepatitis virus A. Di tinjau dari teori HL Blum ada beberapa faktor yang berperan dalam penyebaran hepatitis virus A ini yaitu lingkungan, perilaku, genetika dan fasilitas kesehatan.Hepatitis A seringkali menyebabkan masalah diberbagi penjuru dunia , baik dalam bentuk epidemi, wabah , kasus luar biasa ( KLB ) maupun outbreak. Akhir-akhir ini terjadi KLB hepatitis akut yang berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaanlaboratorium dari tempat pasien di rawat dideteksi sebagai hepatitis A. Berdasarkan kepustakaan penularan hepatitis virus A merupakan jenis oral fecal transmission . Sehingga penularan penyakit ini erat hubungannya dengan perilaku higiene perseorangan. Praktek cuci tangan merupakan variabel penting dalam perilaku kebersihan dini, mengingat di daerah tersebut umumnya penduduk makan pakai tangan (tanpa sendok), yang dilakukan 3-4 kali sehari dan kebanyakan dari mereka tidak cuci tangan sebelum makan. Oleh karena itu praktek cuci tangan sebelum makan penduduk di daerah KLB tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara prektek cuci tangan sebelum makan yang merupakan komponen penting dari faktor perilaku dengan kejadian hepatitis akut klinis di daerah KLB hepatitis A tersebut.Desain dari penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol dengan menganalisa data sekunder hasil investigasi wabah yang telah dilakukan pada bulan Nopember 2001 sampai Januari 2002 . Sehingga populasi didasarkan atas data sekunder tersebut, yaitu masyarakat yang tinggal di perumahan Calincing desa Cogreg kecamatan Parung kabupaten Bogor kelompok umur 15-55 tahun. Jumlah kasus yang dianalisa adalah 60 orang dan kontrol 120 orang.Hasil dari penelitian adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna ( p = 0.000 ) antara praktek cuci tangan sebelum makan dengan kejadian sakit hepatitis Akut klinis. Nilai OR = 3.442 (95% CI ; 1.638 - 7.235).Diketemukan adanya konfounding, Sebagai konfonder adalah variabel Pendidikan, sehingga hubungan antara variabel praktek cuci tangan sebelum makan dengan kejadian sakit hepatitis akut dipengaruhi oleh variabel pendidikan.Daftar bacaan : 51 (1973-2001)

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Clinical acute hepatitis is disease because acute inflammatory in hepatocyte caused by some agents which infecting hepar cells. Clinical symptoms of hepatitis are body temperature increasing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, icterus or yellow skin. The most cases of clinical acute hepatitis is hepatitis A virus (HAV). According to H. L Blum theory, there are some factors related to spreading of the disease (HAV) such as environment, behaviour, genetic, and health service facilities.

Hepatitis A virus often becomes serious problem in any area as epidemic or outbreak. Recently, an outbreak of hepatitis -has known as hepatitis A based on laboratory test of patients. This hepatitis A (clinical acut hepatitis) spreading from faecal-oral transmission when individuals do not wash their hand after using the toilet and then the handle the food, so this behaviour in this disease.In area of the outbreak , washing hand before handling food is very importan variable, becauese most of the people do not wash their hand before breakfast, lunch and dinner and without spoon. This study is to find out relation between washing hand before handling food with clinical acut hepatitis cases in the area of outbreak of Hepatitis A.

This study using case control design, analysing secondary data of epidemic investigation from November 2001 to January 2002. The population is community which living in Calincing housing in Cogreg County, Parung sub district of Bogor, aged from 15 to 55 years old. 60 cases and 120 controls have analysed.

Result of this study has find that is a significant relation (p-0.000) between washing hand before handling food with clinical acute hepatitis case, OR=3.442 (95% Cl : 1.638 - 7.235). Education is a confounding variable to this relation.

References : 51 (1973-2001)"