Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Membandingkan probabilitas kesuksesan suatu perlakuan antara dua kelompok populasi sering dilakukan pada penelitian di dunia medis dengan menggunakan odds ratio. Penelitian yang sama seringkali dilakukan berulang kali oleh peneliti dan atau dengan sampel yang berbeda sehingga dalam kasus ini didapat nilai odds ratio yang belum tentu sama. Meta-analisis untuk odds ratio digunakan untuk mencari inferensi gabungan dari odds ratio dengan mempertimbangkan kontribusi yang beragam dari masing-masing penelitian, yaitu ukuran sampel. Inferensi gabungan untuk odds ratio yang dibahas dalam tugas akhir ini meliputi taksiran titik, taksiran interval, dan uji hipotesis.

---

Comparing the probability of success of a treatment between two groups of population has frequently been conducted in medical research by applying odds ratio. Although similar research is performed by different researchers and or different samples, but the odds ratio are not necessarily the same. Meta-analysis on odds ratio is used to find the inference combination by considering various contributions from each research, based on sampel size. The inference combination of odds ratio in this mini thesis consist of point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis test."

"Salah satu contoh penelitian yang dilakukan di dunia medis adalah membandingkan mean suatu variabel pada dua treatment yang berbeda. Jika penelitian seperti itu dilakukan beberapa kali, baik oleh peneliti yang berbeda, waktu yang berbeda, tempat yang berbeda, maupun menggunakan sampel yang berbeda, maka ada kemungkinan akan didapatkan kesimpulan yang berbeda pula. Bisa saja ada penelitian yang menghasilkan kesimpulan adanya perbedaan mean, ada pula penelitian yang menghasilkan kesimpulan tidak adanya perbedaan mean. Karenanya perlu dicari inferensi gabungan untuk beda mean. Metode yang digunakan adalah meta-analisis untuk beda mean. Tugas akhir ini membahas meta-analisis guna mencari inferensi gabungan untuk beda mean.

---

One kind of research which often done in medical field is to compare variable mean between two different treatments. If this kind of research is done for several times, observed by different researchers, time, place, and/or using different samples, then statistical inferences for ‘mean differences’ in each research are not necessarily the same. This research may lead us to the two types of conclusion: the difference in the mean and no differences mean. Therefore, it is necessary to find a joint statistical inference for mean differences. The method used was a meta-analysis of mean differences. This final project discussed the meta-analysis for mean differences."

"Suatu alat ukur menggunakan skala likert perlu diketahui reliabilitasnya. Adapun salah satu cara untuk menaksir reliabilitas suatu alat ukur adalah dengan menggunakan koefisien Alpha Cronbach. Biasanya alat ukur tidak hanya digunakan satu kali, melainkan beberapa kali dengan sampel yang berbeda-beda. Karena perbedaan sampel maka taksiran koefisien Alpha Cronbach yang didapatkan juga berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu cara untuk mencari koefisien Alpha Cronbach gabungan yang memperhatikan ukuran sampel dan variasi dalam dan antar sampel. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Meta-Analisis. Tugas akhir ini membahas tentang meta-analisis untuk mencari inferensi statistik dari taksiran reliabilitas gabungan suatu alat ukur berdasarkan koefisien Alpha Cronbach.

---

In research, the variables which are usually used in measurement are latent variables. The latent variables are measured by likert scales. A measuring instrument using a likert scale necessary to know its reliability. As one way to assess the reliability of a measurement is using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Measuring instrument are not typically used only once, but more with different samples. Because of differences in sample size, then the estimation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained are also different. Therefore, we need a way to find the Cronbach's Alpha coefficients combined by attention to sample size and variation within and between samples. The method used is a Meta-Analysis. The final task is about the meta-analysis to look for statistical inference of the estimated reliability of a composite measure based on Cronbach's Alpha coefficient."

"The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected practical issues relating to research synthesis. Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations, effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues around research quality and research design and their roles in synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher. "

"Modern meta-analyses do more than combine the effect sizes of a series of similar studies. Meta-analyses are currently increasingly applied for any analysis beyond the primary analysis of studies, and for the analysis of big data. This 26-chapter book was written for nonmathematical professionals of medical and health care, in the first place, but, in addition, for anyone involved in any field involving scientific research. The authors have published over twenty innovative meta-analyses from the turn of the century till now. This edition will review the current state of the art, and will use for that purpose the methodological aspects of the authors' own publications, in addition to other relevant methodological issues from the literature.Are there alternative works in the field? Yes, there are, particularly in the field of psychology. Psychologists have invented meta-analyses in 1970, and have continuously updated methodologies. Although very interesting, their work, just like the whole discipline of psychology, is rather explorative in nature, and so is their focus to meta-analysis. Then, there is the field of epidemiologists. Many of them are from the school of angry young men, who publish shocking news all the time, and JAMA and other publishers are happy to publish it. The reality is, of course, that things are usually not as bad as they seem. Finally, some textbooks, written by professional statisticians, tend to use software programs with miserable menu programs and requiring lots of syntax to be learnt. This is prohibitive to clinical and other health professionals."

"Latar Belakang Disfungsi saluran kemih bawah (LUTD) adalah istilah yang merujuk pada gangguan penyimpanan dan pengosongan urin, atau disfungsi kandung kemih, termasuk gejala saluran kemih bawah (LUTS). Arus interferensial digunakan untuk memberikan arus frekuensi rendah yang diperlukan untuk stimulasi transkutan struktur internal tanpa menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan. Elektroterapi interferensial (IET) telah banyak digunakan untuk mengobati LUTD. Namun, IET belum banyak diteliti dalam hal evaluasi klinisnya, terutama pada anak-anak dengan LUTD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas dan efek IET terhadap kualitas hidup pasien disfungsi kandung kemih dibandingkan dengan terapi konservatif konvensional.Metode Basis data PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EBSCOhost EMBASE, dan CINAHL dicari secara sistematis termasuk semua studi dengan data primer yang membandingkan kualitas hidup dan hasil urodinamik terapi listrik interferensial dan terapi konservatif konvensional. Risiko bias untuk studi yang termasuk dievaluasi. Meta-analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Review Manager (Revman 5.4).Hasil Delapan studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan sebagian besar menunjukkan risiko bias rendah, telah dimasukkan dalam tinjauan ini. Dari delapan studi yang termasuk, lima studi dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan meta-analisis. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa IET secara signifikan mengurangi kejadian inkontinensia siang hari (RR: 0,27, 95% CI: 0,14-0,50), dan pola pengosongan abnormal (RR: 0,44, 95% CI: 0,22-0,91) dibandingkan dengan CCT. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan yang diamati dalam kejadian inkontinensia malam hari, waktu pengosongan, volume pengosongan, PVR, Qmax, atau Qave dengan IET dibandingkan dengan CCT.Kesimpulan Studi ini mengkonfirmasi IET sebagai modalitas yang efektif dalam pengobatan disfungsi kandung kemih dengan beberapa LUTS pada anak-anak.

---

Background Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is an exclusive term that refers to impairments in urine storage and voiding, or bladder dysfunction, including lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). During recent decades, inferential electrotherapy (IET) has been expanded and extensively used to treat LUTD in both adults and children. Despite some prior studies, to our knowledge IET has not been studied much in terms of its clinical evaluation, especially in children with LUTD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address the efficacy and effect of IET on the quality of life for bladder dysfunction patients compared to conventional conservative therapy (CCT).

Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EBSCOhost EMBASE and CINAHL databases were systematically searched including all studies with primary data that compared the quality of life and urodynamic outcomes of interferential electric and conventional conservative therapy. The risk of bias for included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed in Review Manager (Revman 5.4).

Results Eight Studies were included that meet the eligibility criteria, with the majority exhibiting a low risk of bias. Of the eight studies included, five studies were able to be further analyzed using meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results show that IET significantly reduced the incidence of daytime incontinence (RR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.50), and abnormal voiding patterns (RR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22–0.91) compared to CCT. However, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of nighttime incontinence, voiding time, voiding volume, PVR, Qmax or Qave with IET compared to CCT.

Conclusion Overall, studies confirm IET as an effective modality in the treatment of bladder dysfunction with several LUTS in children. IET is safe, with no significant adverse events reported promising results in bowel and urinary disorders in children."

"Penelitian ini merupakan studi meta-analisis terhadap penelitian empiris tentang hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan. Metode meta-analisis Glassian dan koreksi kesalahan samping dari Hunter dan Schmidt digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan ini. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 152 studi dari 11 penelitian empiris tentang hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan (N=32.901), yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2008, untuk dianalisis dalam meta-analisis ini. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan yang positif signifikan antara religisitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan, tetapi tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara regiligiusitas dengan tidak memaafkan."