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"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang eksistensi Amerika Serikat sebagai faktor dalamkebijakan Demokrasi dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di Indonesia selama rentangtahun 1985 sampai dengan 1999. Melalui Foreign Aid dan Demokrasi Liberal,kebijakan demokrasi dan HAM di Indonesia kemudian dihadapkan pada persoalanserius tentang tujuan demokrasi liberal yang terkadang tidak selaras dengan citacitademokrasi dan nilai-nilai HAM di Indonesia, terutama yang terkandung didalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Masa pemerintahan Orde Baru danpemerintahan transisi reformasi akan mengambil peran penting terhadapimplementasi demokrasi dan HAM dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Diharapkanmelalui tesis ini, akan menjelaskan dilematisasi negara berkembang sepertiIndonesia dan menjembatani pencarian solusi terhadap hutang yang diakibatkanoleh kontinuitas ‘ketergantungan’ Indonesia terhadap bantuan atau pinjaman luarnegeri.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis about the existence of the United States as afactor in the policy ofDemocracy and Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia over the span of 1985 to1999. Through the theory of Foreign Aid and Democracy Liberal Policy, thepolicy of democracy and human rights in Indonesia and then faced with theserious problem of liberal democracy objectives are sometimes not aligned withthe ideals of democracy and human rights values in Indonesia, especially thosecontained in the Act of 1945. The New Order government and transitionalgovernment reform will take a leadership role on the implementation ofdemocracy and human rights from a different perspective. Hopefully, through thisthesis, will explain the ‘dilemma’ of developing countries such as Indonesia andthe search for sollutions to bridge the debt caused by the continuity of Indonesia’sdependence toward the aid or foreign loans."

"To understand human rights from the perspective of the value theories, the article applies axiological approach. It places man as a valuing animal, who acts consciously drawn by certain values. They are to help man to give meaning to his life. The legal form of the human rights was established in 1215, known as the Magna Charta Libertatum, which later permeated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). It reflects man?s ethical and political awareness of his natural rights, which in essence, has no tie with values, dignity, and sovereignty."

"The book provides in-depth insight to scholars, practitioners, and activists dealing with human rights, their expansion, and the emergence of 'new' human rights. Whereas legal theory tends to neglect the development of concrete individual rights, monographs on 'new' rights often deal with structural matters only in passing and the issue of 'new' human rights has received only cursory attention in literature. By bringing together a large number of emergent human rights, analysed by renowned human rights experts from around the world, and combining the analyses with theoretical approaches, this book fills this lacuna. The comprehensive and dialectic approach, which enables insights from individual rights to overarching theory and vice versa, will ensure knowledge growth for generalists and specialists alike. The volume goes beyond a purely legal analysis by observing the contestation, rhetorics, the struggle for recognition of 'new' human rights, thus speaking to human rights professionals beyond the legal sphere."

"The metaphor of 'dialogue' has been put to different descriptive and evaluative uses by constitutional and political theorists studying interactions between institutions concerning rights. It has also featured prominently in the opinions of courts and the rhetoric and deliberations of legislators. This volume brings together many of the world's leading constitutional and political theorists to debate the nature and merits of constitutional dialogues between the judicial, legislative, and executive branches. Constitutional Dialogue explores dialogue's democratic significance, examines its relevance to the functioning and design of constitutional institutions, and covers constitutional dialogues from an international and transnational perspective."

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Negara Indonesia melindungi dan menjamin hak asasi manusia setiap warga negaranya sebagaimana yang telah tertulis pada Pasal 28A sampai dengan 28I UUD 1945. Dengan adanya jaminan dari negara atas hak-hak tersebut, bukan berarti negara telah membuka pintu seluas-luasnya kepada warganya untuk melakukan segala macam perbuatan tanpa batas, sebagaimana yang ada pada Pasal 28J UUD 1945. Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender merupakan sebuah penyimpangan dalam perilaku seksual.Beberapa kelompok di negara-negara eropa membungkus bentuk penyimpangan tersebut dengan sebuah “bungkus” yang bernama hak asasi manusia guna justifikasi terhadap prilaku homoseksual dan legalisasi perkawinan sejenis. Dalam penelitian ini mempunyai dua rumusan masalah yaitu; I) Bagaimana pandangan Hak asasi manusia di Indonesia terhadap perkawinan sesama jenis dan perbuatan homoseksual? II) Bagaimana norma hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia dalam menyikapi fenomena perkawinan sejenis dan perbuatan homoseksual kaum  LGBT dengan mempertimbangkan Hak Asasi Manusia? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan normatif dengan sumber data sekunder. Menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Sedangkan analisis data mengunakan analisis kualitatif sehingga bentuk penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluatif. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan konsep, pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan sejarah. Pada akhirnya penelitan ini menyimpulkan I) berdasarkan cara pandang theosentris perkawinan sejenis dan prilaku homoseksual bukan merupakan hak asasi manusia, sedangkan berdasarkan cara pandang antroposentris, sebaliknya. II) Indonesia adalah negara yang menganut teori hukum alam irasional dengan pandangan theorisentris, sehingga prilaku homoseksual dan perkawinan sejenis sejatinya telah bertentangan dengan Pancasila dan norma hukum yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar Pemerintah Indonesia merumuskan adanya norma hukum yang melarang prilaku homoseksual dan perkawinan sejenis.

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The Indonesian state protects and guarantees the human rights of every citizen. Protection of these rights is written in Articles 28A through 28I of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. With the guarantee from the state of the rights possessed by each citizen, it does not mean that the state has opened the widest possible door for its citizens to do all kinds of actions according to their own personal desires without clear boundaries. In Article 28J of the 1945 Constitution, according to Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution Lesbian Bisexual and Transgender Gay is a deviation in sexual behavior. Some groups in European countries wrap the form of deviation with a "wrapper" called human rights for justification of homosexual behavior and the legalization of similar marriage. In this study there are two formulation of the problem, namely; I) What is the view of human rights in Indonesia towards same-sex marriage and homosexual behavior of LGBT people? II) What are the legal norms in force in addressing the phenomenon of similar marriages and homosexual behavior of LGBT people by considering human rights? This research is normative research with secondary data sources consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Using data collection techniques with literature studies and interviews. While the data analysis uses qualitative analysis so that the form of this research is evaluative research. The approach taken is the conceptual approach, legislative approach and historical approach. The purpose of this study is I) The purpose of writing this paper is to explain more about the human rights perspective in Indonesia in addressing homosexual behavior of LGBT people and same-sex marriage. II) to explain the legal norms in Indonesia in responding to homosexual behavior of LGBT people and same-sex marriage based on consideration of the concept of human rights in Indonesia In the end, this research concludes I) that based on irrational natural law theory with theorocentric views will see homosexual and marital behavior of a kind not part of human rights, but based on rational natural law theory with an anthropocentric view will see this as part of human rights. II) Indonesia is a country that adheres to irrational natural law theory with a theoretic view, so that homosexual and marital behaviors of a kind have actually contradicted Pancasila, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights Suggestions from this study suggest that the Indonesian Government formulate legal norms that prohibit similar homosexual and marital behavior.

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"Falun Gong, yang merupakan pergerakan yang direpresi oleh pemerintah China, menggunakan jaringan untuk mencari solusi di luar batas negara. Penelitian ini ingin memberikan pemahaman mengenai bagaimana Falun Gong menggunakan jaringan advokasi transnasional untuk menghadapi represi pemerintah China, dengan melihat strategi pergerakan dan taktik jaringan. Temuan penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat signifikansi peran jaringan transnasional bagi suatu pergerakan sosial dalam kacamata studi Hubungan Internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka pemikiran pergerakan sosial, jaringan advokasi transnasional, dan konsep hak asasi manusia, serta dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Falun Gong menggunakan struktur kesempatan politik dan pembingkaian budaya sebagai strategi pergerakannya, serta politik informasi, politik simbolik, dan politik pengaruh moral sebagai taktik jaringan.

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Falun Gong, a movement that is repressed by Chinese government, uses transnational networks to find solution across China?s national borders. The focus of this study is to understand how Falun Gong uses transnational advocacy networks to face the repression from Chinese government, by examining its movement strategy and network tactics.

This research aims to see the significance of transnational networks for social movement in the framework of International Relations study. This study will use social movement, transnational advocacy networks and human rights as frameworks of thinking. This study used qualitative method and the data were collected by literature study.

This study found that Falun Gong used political opportunity structures and cultural framing as its movement strategy, as well as information politics, symbolic politics and moral leverage politics as its network tactics."

"Indonesia has just ratified the two most important international human rights covenants, namely, in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The implications of these ratifications are enormous, either for the government and other state's institutions or for the victims of human rights violation as well as human rights defenders. The two Covenants could become part of the effort of legal reform to improve human rights condition in Indonesia. the two Covenants are related with the history of the world organization, namely, the United Nations, in developing the what so called the international law, in this regard the international human rights law. The human rights law was developed as mechanisms, either Charter-based or Treaty-based. The main purposes of the Indonesian are to maintain peace and prevent violance."