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"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari chanel yang menghubungkan antara FDI dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dari sektor manufaktur, sektor nonmigas dan semua sektor ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kausalitas Granger. Tes ini akan dilaksanakan dalam kerangka kointegrasi dan vektor model koreksi kesalahan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada kausalitas satu arah dari FDI terhadap PDB, namun, ekspor dan investasi domestik tidak dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel di mana FDI bisa menguntungkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil penting lain menegaskan bahwa ada kausalitas dari PDB untuk FDI di Indonesia, di mana ekspor dan domestik dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel yang menghubungkan antara PDB ke FDI. Hasil ini memiliki implikasi kebijakan yang penting bagi pemerintah Indonesia, seperti pemerintah harus fokus pada ekonomi domestik ketimbang promosi ekspor, mengelola stabilitas makroekonomi dan memberikan perhatian pada ekspor dan investasi dalam negeri untuk menarik FDI.

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This study investigates various channels through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia from manufacture sector, non-oil sector and all economic sectors in Indonesia by using Granger Causality approach. This test will be implemented within a cointegration framework and vector error correction model. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causality from FDI to GDP, however, export and domestic investment cannot be treated as the channel through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia. Another important result confirms that there is causality from GDP to FDI in Indonesia, thus export and domestic investment can be treated as the passage. These findings have important policy implications such as the Indonesia government should focus in domestic economy rather than exports promotion; manage the macroeconomic stability and give attention in exports and domestic investment to attract FDI."

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Granger Causality dengan model regresi Vector Autoregressive (VAR). Penelitian menggunakan data deret waktu dengan rentang antara 1976-2018. Data yang digunakan meliputi data PDB riil sebagai proxy dari pertumbuhan ekonomi, konsumsi energi, konsumsi energi kelistrikan, dan konsumsi energi non kelistrikan yang semuanya merupakan data agregat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kausalitas yang terbentuk antara konsumsi energi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi bersifat independen dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti tingkat pendapatan negara, kebijakan terkait energi dan dependensi negara terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan energinya.

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This study explains the causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Indonesia. Granger Causality with Vector Autoregressive regression model is used on time series data from 1976 to 2018. Several aggregated data are used: real GDP as a proxy for economic growth, energy consumption, electricity consumption, and non-electricity consumption. This study shows the causality between energy consumption and economic growth is independent in short term and long term. This is caused by several factors such as: national income levels, energy policy and national dependency to its energy fulfillment."

"Salah satu target utama pembangunan pertanian terkait dengan globalisasi ekonomi dan penerapan kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan di sektor pertanian adalah mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi sektor pertanian melalui perdagangan internasional khususnya ekspor dan dengan meningkatnya arus masuk modal asing termasuk melalui PMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (i) menganalisis pengaruh ekspor, impor, serta PMA terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di sektor pertanian, dan sebaliknya pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ekspor, impor dan PMA di sektor pertanian; (ii) menganalisis pengaruh guncangan pada ekspor, impor serta PMA terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di sektor pertanian dan pengaruh guncangan pada PDB terhadap ekspor, impor dan PMA di sektor pertanian. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Vector Autoregression (VAR) dengan data triwulanan tahun 1995-2011.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan dua arah yang positif dan signifikan antara ekspor pertanian dan PDB pertanian. Sedangkan hubungan impor pertanian terhadap PDB pertanian hanya satu arah yang bernilai negatif dan signifikan namun tidak terjadi sebaliknya. Sementara hubungan PDB pertanian dengan PMA pertanian menunjukkan hasil tidak adanya hubungan. Hasil analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) memperlihatkan bahwa respon PDB pertanian terhadap guncangan pada ekspor pertanian paling besar. Hal sebaliknya juga berlaku terhadap guncangan PDB pertanian yang direspon lebih besar oleh ekspor pertanian dibandingkan impor pertanian. Hasil variance decomposition, juga mendukung hasil IRF dimana dekomposisi varian PDB pertanian terbesar diberikan oleh ekspor pertanian disusul oleh PMA pertanian dan impor pertanian. Dekomposisi varian ekspor pertanian dengan nilai terbesar diberikan oleh ekspor, PDB, PMA dan impor di sektor pertanian. Adapun impor pertanian dan PMA pertanian memberikan pengaruh yang terbesar terhadap perubahan variabel impor pertanian dibandingkan ekspor dan PDB di sektor pertanian. Dekomposisi varian untuk PMA pertanian disumbangkan oleh PMA pertanian dan PDB pertanian dengan nilai tertinggi, kemudian ekspor dan impor di sektor pertanian.

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One of the main targets of agricultural development associated with economic globalization and the implementation of trade liberalization policies in the agricultural sector is to accelerate economic growth in the agricultural sector through export and international trade particularly with the increased inflow of foreign capital, including FDI. This study aimed to: (i) analyze the effect of export, import and FDI in agricultural sector on economic growth in the agricultural sector and likewise the effect of economic growth on export, import and FDI in the agricultural sector and analyzes the effect of shocks on export, import and FDI on economic growth in agricultural sector and the effect of GDP shocks on exports, imports and FDI in the agricultural sector. The method used in this study is Vector Autoregression (VAR) with quarterly data started in 1995 until 2011.

The results showed that there is a two-way positive and significant correlation between agricultural export and agricultural GDP. While the relationship of agricultural import to agricultural GDP is only one way that is negative and significant, but not the other way around. While there is no relationship between the agricultural GDP and agricultural FDI. Impulse Response Function (IRF) analysis showed that the response of agricultural GDP due to agricultural export shock is the most. The opposite also applies to agricultural GDP shock responded by a larger agriculture export than agriculture import. The results of variance decomposition also supports the results of IRF. It is showed that the largest agricultural GDP variance decomposition given by export followed FDI and agricultural import. Variance decomposition of agricultural exports shows the greatest value given by export, GDP, FDI and import in the agricultural sector. The import of agriculture and agricultural FDI influences on more changes in agricultural import than export and GDP in the agricultural sector. Decomposition of variance for agricultural FDI is contributed by agricultural GDP with the highest value, then export and import in the agricultural sector."

"Empirical studies on the impact of decentralization on economic growth have resulted in mixed findings....."

"This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness."

"Globalisasi mendorong negara-negara untuk membuka perekonomiannya terhadap perdagangan luar negeri dalam hal arus barang, jasa, modal dan sumber daya manusia. FDI, trade openness, dan kualitas kelembagaan merupakan determinan globalisasi yang memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunan sebuah bangsa. Hal tersebut krusial dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Namun, literatur terdahulu menyediakan hasil yang kompleks dan ambigu mengenai hubungan antara ketiga variabel tersebut dari perspektif pertumbuhan ekonomi. Menggunakan data panel dari 10 negara ASEAN dari tahun 2002 hingga 2019, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara trade openness, FDI, dan kualitas kelembagaan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menginkorporasikan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN 2015 dalam observasi FDI dan perdagangan internasional. Penelitian ini menekankan pada variabel interaksi antara trade openness, FDI, dan kualitas institusional dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan menerapkan model fixed effect, trade openness, dan FDI. Sejalan dengan teori ekonomi, hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peningkatan trade openness dan FDI memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi ASEAN. Hal yang sama juga terlihat pada hubungan antara kualitas kelembagaan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, variabel interaksi antara trade openness, FDI dan kualitas institusional berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Apalagi sejak pemberlakuan MEA tahun 2015, trade openness semakin meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun pemberlakuan MEA membuat efek daripada FDI terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi menjadi negatif.

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Globalisation encourages nations to open their economies to foreign trade in terms of flows of goods, services, capital, and human resources; it becomes the world with no borders. FDI, trade openness, and institutional quality are critical determinants of globalization and significant roles in a nation’s development. They have important roles in enhancing economic growth, especially in developing countries. However, previous literatures have provided complicated and ambiguous results towards the relationship between trade openness, FDI, and institutional quality on economic growth. Using panel data in 10 ASEAN countries during 2002-2019, this study aims to examine the relationship between each trade openness, FDI, and institutional quality on economic growth. Along with the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community 2015 towards trade openness and FDI on economic growth. This study emphasizes on the interaction between trade openness, FDI, and institutional quality on economic growth by conducting the Fixed Effect Model, trade openness and FDI has positive and significant effect on growth of ASEAN growth, higher level of trade openness will increase the economic growth. These results are aligned with the economic theories. Positive and significant results also found in the relationship between institutional quality and economic growth. The main conclusion of this study is that the interaction between trade openness, FDI, and institutional quality has a positively significant relationship to economic growth. Moreover, trade openness since the implementation of AEC 2015 does increase the economic growth but FDI decreases the economic growth."

"Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut adalah investasi dibidang ICT. Peningkatan perekonomian di Amerika adalah salah satu contoh yang dapat diambil sebagai akibat adanya investasi disektor ICT. Investasi ICT dapat membuka bidang usaha baru bagi perusahaan maupun industri yang menggunakan ICT sebagai alat usahanya. Selain membuka bidang baru, ICT juga dapat digunakan untuk optimisasi pekerjaan. ICT dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan, melakukan hal-hal yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh manusia secara langsung, dll. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji sampai sejauh manakah dampak investasi ICT di Indonesia terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilihat, faktor-faktor ICT mana sajakah yang memiliki korelasi tinggi dengan sektor perekonomian dan akan dicoba ditarik kesimpulan mengenai tanggapan positif dan negatif yang selalu menyertai investasi di sektor ICT.Hasil yang diperoleh adalah investasi ICT mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia terutama disektor investasi telekomunikasi dan services piranti lunak. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa dampak investasi ICT tidak signifikan mempengaruhi perekonomian. Penyebabnya adalah data sekunder yang digunakan belum mencakup keseluruhan investasi ICT di Indonesia.

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Economic growth in one country can be affected by many factors. One factor that can affect the economic growth is ICT Investment. The growth of economic in United States is one of the good examples as the result of the ICT investment. ICT investment can open a new work field for companies or even industries that use ICT as their production tools. ICT can also be used as an optimation tools for work. ICT can be used as a tool to simplify a job especially the job that can?t be done by human.

This research is to study the impact of ICT investment contributed to economic growth in Indonesia. In this research we will explore which ICT Investment factor that have high corellation with economic sector in Indonesia.

The result of this study shows that ICT investment affect Indonesia?s Economic Growth especially at telecommunication investments and software services. This research also concluded that ICT investment impact is not significant compare to economic growth. This may cause by the secondary data that used in this study were not complete."

"Peran kota adalah sebagai pusat aktivitas ekonomi suatu negara. Di Indonesia, aktivitas ekonomi terkonsentrasi di area perkotaan, terutama di kota-kota pesisir yang memiliki pelabuhan. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran pelabuhan terhadap pertumbuhan kota di Indonesia dan perbedaan pertumbuhan antara kota pelabuhan dan kota yang tidak memiliki pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelabuhan berperan penting terhadap pertumbuhan kota, sesuai dengan pola pertumbuhan kota pelabuhan di Asia. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan kota pelabuhan dan kota yang tidak memiliki pelabuhan dilihat dari proporsi jumlah tenaga kerja manufaktur, kepadatan penduduk, dan rata-rata tingkat pendidikannya.

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City acts as a core of economic activity in a country. In Indonesia, economic activity is concentrated in urban areas, especially in coastal cities which have ports. This study examines the role of port on cities? economic growth in Indonesia and the differences on growth among port cities and non-port cities. The result shows that ports play important role on cities? economic growth, similar with the pattern of port cities growth in Asia. Moreover, there are differences on growth among port cities and non-port cities in proportion of manufacture employment, population density, and average education level."

"ABSTRAKPengaruh kriminalitas terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi masih belum konklusif karena sebagian studi mengindikasikan korelasi yang negative, sedangkan beberapa lainnya menunjukkan sebaliknya. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kontribusi terhadap riset yang sudah adamengenai kiriminalitas dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan menginvestigasi hubungan tersebut secara empiris. Skripsi ini menggunakan dara tahunan per negara bagian di Amerika Serikat dari tahun 2000-2011. Dengan menggunakan regresi OLS, variabel kriminalitas dimasukkan ke dalam regresi bersama beberapa kontrol variabel lainnya. Pada akhirnya, sebuah kesimpulandiambil dimana pengaruh kriminalitas terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi signifikan secara statistic dan negatif

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ABSTRACTThe effect of crime on economic growth is still unclear as some studies indicate a negative relationship, while a few others show otherwise. This paper is aiming to contribute to the existing research about crime and economic growth by investigating the relationship empirically, using a state-level annual data from 50 states in the US between 2000-2011. By employing OLSregressions, crime is regressed on economic growth along with several control variables. At the end, a conclusion is drawn in which the effect of crime on growth is statistically significant"

"[Pengaruh positif infrstruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi konsensus di antara para ekonom. Akan tetapi beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Walaupun investasi publik untuk infrastruktur relatif kecil tetapi Indonesia berhasil menjaga pertumbuhan ekonominya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data level provinsi di Indionesia, studi ini berusaha mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur secara agregat dan individual terhadap perkeonomian daerah. Perhitungan regresi menggunakan efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa secara agregat infrastruktur berkontibusi secara positif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, studi ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa secara individual setiap tipe infrastruktur berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kecuali untuk tipe infrastruktur air bersih. Dengan demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur akan lebih baik jika dilakukan secara komprehensif dan integral.;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensus among the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain its economic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure to economic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, this study estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individual infrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, we find that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individual effect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access. Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented, The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented]"