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"In West Sumatra, surrounded by the three mountains of Gunung Men Gunung Sago, and Gunung Singgalang, there lies one of the most fertile lands in Indonesia.l This region is called darek (the inner highlands in contrast to the rantau (the outer areas or frontiers). Darek is the cradleland of the Minangkabau who, in their legends, trace their ancest to Alexander the Great. Maharaja Diraja, one of Alexander's three legendary sons, and his retinue are supposed to have arrived Gunung Merapi when that mountain top was only as large as an egg and when all other lands were still under the sea. What follows is a study of t4e people who created these accounts--an attempt to understand their society, history, and tradition. The Minangkabau are one of some 1402 ethnic groups scattered over 3,000 islands in Indonesia. According to the 1930 Dutch census, their share among the native population was only about three percent,3 yet 1If rural population density is any indication of the land's capa¬city to absorb population pressure, the darek, particularly the Agam plateau, is indeed fertile. The Agam plateau (237 persons per sq. km.) is the second most densely populated area outside of Java—Madura, after South Bali (453 persons per sq. km.) (Volkstelling 1930 Vol. VIII:38). 2As Hildred Geertz pointed out, the number of ethnic groups enumer¬ated depends on how they are classified. The number represented here is adopted from the ethnic categories applied in the 1930 census (Volk¬stelling 1930 Vol. VIII: 44). Geertz (1967:24) herself gives a number of more than three hundred ethnic groups."

"This book about large crystal growth and new crystal exploration of mid-infrared second-order nonlinear optical materials, simulation and design of infrared second-order nonlinear optical materials in metal cluster compounds., the recent development Of SRS and SRS SF- conversion laser crystal, and exploration of new second-order nonlinear optical compounds containing main group elements."

"ABSTRAKNagari as government and customary institutions in West Sumatra is torn between the interests of the government system and the importance of maintaining the fundamental values in the community. Various government regulations regarding the village or Nagari generate new questions, the loss of the community's identity and local wisdom of Nagari as an autonomous and independent society. This study aims to explore and describe the Nagari system of government, as a social system of indigenous peoples of Minangkabau that combine the state government system with the adat system of local customary institutions. The study was conducted with qualitative methods, using in-depth interviews with the community leaders as well as some observations related to the dynamics of its social community in addition to literature study. This study found that Nagari as Minangkabau community social unity has a sacred local wisdom from the community's comprehensive thinking, and natural conditions. With its history, Nagari grows as an autonomous region where the community manages the social and natural resources potential independently. The Institutional system of Nagari is a combination between the state, custom, and religion, which is combined in the framework of tungku tigo sajarangan, tali tigo sapilin, the government, niniek mamak, and religious scholars. The social system that emerged from the wisdom of "reading" nature, as the strength of the Minangkabau community, made Nagari be one of the regions in Indonesia which are called by the Netherlands as "the Small Republic"."

"Summary:Intellectual Property and Property Rights is an invaluable reference work in light of the increasingly important policy debates over patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights."