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"Taylor & Francis Ltd, United Kingdom, 2017. Hardback. Condition: New. 4th New edition. Language: English. Brand new Book. Written by leading authors in the field, this clear and highly accessible volume provides full coverage of the topics commonly found in the contract law syllabus, alongside up-to-date illustrative case examples and stimulating posed of approximately one-quarter authors' commentaries and three-quarters cases and materials, including academics' articles and extracts from books and Law Commission papers, this book takes account of a variety of theoretical perspectives, including economic, relational and empirical conceptions of the law.This book facilitates the development of personal study skills and encourages readers to engage with the leading academic commentaries in the area. Features to support your learning include: chapter introductions to highlight the salient features under discussion and signpost topics to guide readers through this comprehensive text; additional reading listed at the end of each chapter to assist further study and independent research; clear and attractive text design that differentiates between the authors' commentaries and the materials; a companion website that provides skills materials and self-assessment tasks to help further your learning.The range of material covered, straightforward style and targeted updates to this fourth edition make Text, Cases and Materials on Contract Law a comprehensive and invaluable resource for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of contract law"

"The United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) adalah konvensi jual beli internasional yang disusun oleh United Nations Commission on International Trade Law demi menjembatani perbedaan sistem hukum negara-negara di dunia mengenai hukum jual beli internasional. Salah satu ketentuan CISG memungkinkan pembeli untuk membatalkan kontrak jual beli internasional, selama persyaratan tertentu dalam CISG terpenuhi. Adapun persyaratan tersebut adalah wanprestasi yang merupakan Fundamental Breach berdasarkan dalam Pasal 25 CISG. Fundamental Breach memiliki 2 elemen: substantial deprivation dan foreseeability. Berdasarkan 2 kasus yang dibawa ke hadapan pengadilan Kanada, yaitu Brown & Root v. Aerotech dan Diversitel v. Glacier, terdapat keengganan majelis hakim untuk memberlakukan CISG sebagai dasar hukum pembatalan kontrak.

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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) is an international sale of goods convention made by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law to bridge the differences among every countries international sales laws. One of the provisions in the CISG allows the buyer to avoid a contract if certain requirements within the CISG are satisfied. One of those requirements is if the breach amounts to a Fundamental Breach according to Article 25 CISG. Fundamental Breach consists of 2 elements: substantial deprivation and foreseeability. According to 2 cases brought before Canadian courts, Brown & Root v. Aerotech and Diversitel v. Glacier, there is reluctance within courts in applying CISG as the basis of avoidance of the contracts."

"Dalam praktek kedudukan Para Pihak dalam suatu kontrak kerja konstruksi masih belum seimbang, antara lain disebabkan oleh: begitu banyaknya jumlah Penyedia Jasa yang mengakibatkan penawaran jauh lebih besar daripada permintaan, tidak adanya standar baku kontrak kerja konstruksi di Indonesia yang dipakai umum dan ditaati dalam setiap pekerjaan konstruksi di Indonesia, Penyiapan kontrak kerja konstruksi yang disiapkan oleh Pengguna Jasa, Penyedia Jasa hanya memiliki waktu yang relatif singkat untuk mempelajari kontrak kerja konstruksi, budaya yang menganggap Pengguna Jasa lebih berkuasa daripada Penyedia Jasa, dan latar belakang perseorangan dari pelaku pekerjaan konstruksi yang kurang memahami hukum. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengupayakan kedudukan yang lebih seimbang antara para pihak dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi di Indonesia, dapat dibagi berdasarkan urutan waktunya, yaitu: Pertama, dalam Masa Pra-Kontrak, dengan mempelajari kontrak serta menegosiasikan pada saat aanwijzing. Namun hal ini terkendala permasalahan jangka waktu yang relatif singkat, ditambah lagi budaya yang menganggap kontrak kurang penting. Kedua, Dalam Masa Kontrak, yaitu dengan melakukan Negosiasi, dan jika menjadi sengketa, maka diselesaikan melalui mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang disepakati. Selain itu, LKPP mempunyai fungsi advokasi, dengan memediasikan dan memberikan masukan kepada para pihak. Selain itu, terdapat juga asas-asas hukum perjanjian seperti Unidroit Principles dan Lex Mercatoria yang dapat diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah ketidakseimbangan kedudukan para pihak dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi di Indonesia, seperti Freedom of Contract, Sanctity of Contract (Pacta Sunt Servanda), Good Faith and Fair Dealing, Mandatory Laws, mengenai Kekeliruan (Mistake), Penipuan (Fraud), Ancaman dan Paksaan, serta Gross Disparity.

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In practice the position of the Parties in a construction contract is still not balanced, this can be caused by: the large number of construction companies which resulted in much greater offer than the demand, the lack of standards for construction contracts in Indonesia that is commonly used and adhered to in each Indonesian construction projects, preparation of construction contract that is prepared by the Owner, the relatively limited time to learn the construction contract by the contractors, a culture that considers the owner has more power than the contractor, and the background of the individual actors in the construction business who do not understand the construction law. Efforts should be made to seek a more balanced position between the parties in a construction contract in Indonesia, can be divided in order of time, which are: First, in the precontract period, to study the contract and negotiate the clauses at the clarification time. However, it is constrained problems of relatively short period of time, plus a culture from the contractor that considers the less concern of the contract. Secondly, in the contract period, efforts can be made by negotiations, and if it becomes a dispute, then resolved through the agreed dispute resolution mechanism. In addition, Indonesia already has the National Public Procurement Agency (Lembaga Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah/LKPP) that has advocacy function, through mediate and provide input to the parties. In addition to that, there are also the principles of contract law as in Lex Mercatoria and UNIDROIT Principles that can be applied to solve the problems of imbalance position of the parties in a construction contract in Indonesia, such as the Freedom of Contract, Sanctity of Contract (Pacta Sunt servanda), Good Faith and Fair Dealing, Mandatory Laws, Mistake, Fraud, Threats and Coercion, as well as the Gross Disparity."

"Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, peramalan basis data deret waktu di berbagai bidang terapan di implementasikan. Sejauh ini, berbagai teknik telah diusulkan untuk memprediksi dan menganalisis literatur dalam arah yang berbeda. Riset ini dilakukan di sebuah perusahaan manufaktur katup yang menghasilkan produk berupa katup untuk industri minyak dan gas. Riset ini berfokus pada tipe pemesanan yang disebut Call of Order atau pemesanan berdasarkan panggilan. Objek riset berupa kontrak perjanjian pembelian produk dalam satu periode dan historis penjualan produk. Pada riset ini, terdapat fenomena deviasi permintaan antara kontrak awal pada Pull Contract dengan aktual order pada realisasi pemesanan yang berdampak pada biaya yang di keluarkan dalam pemenuhan kontrak tersebut. Pull Contract memiliki karakteristik dan pola permintaan yang tidak umum pada pemesanan selama periode penjualan. Tujuan riset ini adalah menentukan prediksi kesenjangan permintaan antara kontrak dan realisasi, serta meminimalisir biaya pemenuhan kontrak untuk tipe pemesanan berdasarkan panggilan. Metode yang digunakan pada riset ini adalah perhitungan nilai deviasi, perhitungan Expected fill rate, perhitungan biaya kepemilikan dan metode prediksi deret waktu. Dalam riset ini, metode Arima digunakan untuk menentukan nilai prediksi pemenuhan Pull Contract dengan tipe Call of Order. Selain itu perhitungan biaya dilakukan dari hasil nilai prediksi yang didapat untuk dapat mengetahui estimasi penurunan biaya agar dapat meminimalisir biaya pemenuhan kontrak. Riset ini telah mengembangkan model prediksi Arima dengan penerapan penggunaan stok pengaman pada sebuah kontrak yang tidak umum yaitu Pull Contract dalam mempertimbangkan ketidakpastian pada besar biaya kepemilikan. Menerapkan penggunaan stok pengaman berdasarkan dari nilai prediksi dapat meminimalisir total biaya pemenuhan kontrak secara efektif apabila jangka waktu penggunaan tidak melebihi waktu enam bulan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan penggunaan stok pengaman tetap dapat memenuhi syarat meskipun terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya penambahan biaya dalam jangka waktu tertentu.

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In recent years, time series database forecasting in various applied fields has been implemented. So far, multiple techniques have been proposed to predict and analyze the literature differently. This research was conducted at a valve manufacturing company that produces products in the form of valves for the oil and gas industry. This study focuses on the type of order called Call of Order or orders based on calls. The object of this research is a product purchase agreement contract in one period and the historical sales of the product. In this research, there is a phenomenon of demand deviation between the initial contract on the Pull Contract and the actual order on the realization of the order, which impacts the costs incurred in fulfilling the contract. Pull Contracts have unusual characteristics and demand patterns on orders during the sales period. This research aims to determine the predicted demand gap between contract and realization and minimize the cost of contract fulfillment for the call-based order type. The methods used in this research are the calculation of the deviation value, the calculation of the Expected fill rate, the calculation of the holding cost, and the time series prediction method. In this study, the Arima method is used to determine the predicted value of the Pull Contract fulfillment with the Call of Order type. In addition, the cost calculation is carried out from the predicted value results obtained to determine the estimated cost reduction to minimize the cost of fulfilling the contract. This study has developed an Arima prediction model by applying the use of safety stock in an unusual contract, namely the Pull Contract, in considering the uncertainty of the cost of ownership. Implementing the use of safety stock based on the predicted value can effectively minimize the total cost of fulfilling the contract if the period of use does not exceed six months. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the use of safety stock can still meet the requirements even though there is the possibility of additional costs within a certain period."