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"ABSTRAK

Salah satu bentuk Public Service Obligation (PSO) di bidang komunikasi adalah penyediaan Layanan Pos Universal (LPU) yang mana pemerintah menyediakan layanan pos jenis tertentu sehingga masyarakat dapat mengirim dan atau menerima kiriman pos di seluruh wilayah di dunia dengan harga yang terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal atau Layanan Pos Dasar telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN sejak era kemerdekaan sampai dengan saat ini. Di dalam perjalanannya, terdapat perubahan-perubahan yang prinsipil terkait penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal, namun belum terimplementasi secara penuh sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah adanya perubahan prinsip pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal sebagai Public Service Obligation (PSO) berdasarkan ketentuan perundangan bidang pos dan implementasi pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal oleh pemerintah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan preskriptif-deskriptif analitis sehingga dapat menggambarkan perbedaan penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal di masa sebelum ditetapkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos dan setelahnya. Penulis menemukan terdapat perubahan-perubahan prinsipil penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal setelah Undang-Undang Pos diberlakukan yaitu perubahan terkait penyelenggaraan layanan pos universal, mekanisme penunjukan penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal, prinsip kerahasiaan surat, dan sumber pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal. Namun, pemerintah belum mengimplementasikan beberapa amanat dari Undang-Undang Pos seperti pelaksanaan seleksi penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal, prinsip kerahasiaan surat tidak lagi menjadi prioritas perlindungan, dan pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal kini bersumber dari kontribusi dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Penulis menyarankan kepada pemerintah agar segera mengesahkan ketentuan mengenai mekanisme seleksi penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal dan mempertimbangkan mekanisme pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal yang lebih baik

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ABSTRACT

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One form of Public Service Obligation (PSO) in communication sector is the provision of Universal Postal Services (UPS) in which the government provides certain types of postal services so that people could send and / or receive postal items in all region around world at affordable prices. The implementation of Universal Postal Services has been carried out by the government through State-Own Enterprise since independence era up until now. Through time, there have been fundamental changes related to the implementation of Universal Postal Services (UPS). However, those changes haven`t been fully implemented in accordance with the Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. The primary issues are the changes in principles of implementing Universal Postal Services as Public Service Obligation based on the provisions of postal legislation and the implementation of Universal Postal Services itself by the government in accordance with the Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. This research is a juridical-normative research with prescriptive-analytical approach, so author can describe the differences in the implementation of Universal Postal Service in the period before and after the enactment of Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. The author finds that there are fundamental changes related to the implementation of Universal Postal Service, the mechanism for appointing Universal Postal Service provider, the principles of letter confidentiality, and funding sources of Universal Postal Services. However, the government has not implemented several mandates from the postal law such as selection of the Universal Postal Service provider, the principles of letter confidentiality are no longer priorities, and financing of Universal Postal Services is now sourced from both contributions and National Budget. The author suggests to the government to immediately ratify the provision regarding the selection mechanism for Universal Postal Services and consider a better Universal Postal Services financing mechanism.

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"Mechanical A-road transport is a very modern innovation, whose international history may be said to have begun only with the influence of the pneumatic tyre on cycling in the 1890s and the subsequent evolution of the internal combustion engine. The firstdraft of an international air navigation convention, was the first international convention for the regulation of motor traffic signed. International road transport questions may be broadly divided into two categories, the Highway and the Traffic. This book divides some countries such as Europe, Africa, India, Middle East, andAmerica explaining the road freight transport, postal and electricity."

"Salah satu bentuk Public Service Obligation (PSO) di bidang komunikasi adalah penyediaan Layanan Pos Universal (LPU) yang mana pemerintah menyediakan layanan pos jenis tertentu sehingga masyarakat dapat mengirim dan atau menerima kiriman pos di seluruh wilayah di dunia dengan harga yang terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal atau Layanan Pos Dasar telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN sejak era kemerdekaan sampai dengan saat ini. Di dalam perjalanannya, terdapat perubahan-perubahan yang prinsipil terkait penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal, namun belum terimplementasi secara penuh sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah adanya perubahan prinsip pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal sebagai Public Service Obligation (PSO) berdasarkan ketentuan perundangan bidang pos dan implementasi pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal oleh pemerintah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan preskriptif-deskriptif analitis sehingga dapat menggambarkan perbedaan penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal di masa sebelum ditetapkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos dan setelahnya. Penulis menemukan terdapat perubahan-perubahan prinsipil penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal setelah Undang-Undang Pos diberlakukan yaitu perubahan terkait penyelenggaraan layanan pos universal, mekanisme penunjukan penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal, prinsip kerahasiaan surat, dan sumber pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal. Namun, pemerintah belum mengimplementasikan beberapa amanat dari Undang-Undang Pos seperti pelaksanaan seleksi penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal, prinsip kerahasiaan surat tidak lagi menjadi prioritas perlindungan, dan pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal kini bersumber dari kontribusi dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Penulis menyarankan kepada pemerintah agar segera mengesahkan ketentuan mengenai mekanisme seleksi penyelenggara Layanan Pos Universal dan mempertimbangkan mekanisme pembiayaan Layanan Pos Universal yang lebih baik.

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One form of Public Service Obligation (PSO) in communication sector is the provision of Universal Postal Services (UPS) in which the government provides certain types of postal services so that people could send and/or receive postal items in all region around world at affordable prices. The implementation of Universal Postal Services has been carried out by the government through State-Own Enterprise since independence era up until now. Through time, there have been fundamental changes related to the implementation of Universal Postal Services (UPS). However, those changes haven't been fully implemented in accordance with the Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. The primary issues are the changes in principles of implementing Universal Postal Services as Public Service Obligation based on the provisions of postal legislation and the implementation of Universal Postal Services itself by the government in accordance with the Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. This research is a juridical-normative research with prescriptive-analytical approach, so author can describe the differences in the implementation of Universal Postal Service in the period before and after the enactment of Law Number 38 of 2009 concerning Posts. The author finds that there are fundamental changes related to the implementation of Universal Postal Service, the mechanism for appointing Universal Postal Service provider, the principles of letter confidentiality, and funding sources of Universal Postal Services. However, the government has not implemented several mandates from the postal law such as selection of the Universal Postal Service provider, the principles of letter confidentiality are no longer priorities, and financing of Universal Postal Services is now sourced from both contributions and National Budget. The author suggests to the government to immediately ratify the provision regarding the selection mechanism for Universal Postal Services and consider a better Universal Postal Services financing mechanism."

"Dengan diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos menggantikan undang-undang yang lama, maka terjadi perubahan paradigma penyelenggaraan pos di Indonesia, termasuk dalam penyelenggaraan Layanan Pos Universal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulasi tentang Layanan Pos Universal serta kesesuaian antara pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara terkait penugasan Layanan Pos Universal, menganalisis mekanisme pelaksanaan Layanan Pos Universal setelah berakhirnya penugasan Pemerintah kepada PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2014, serta menganalisis upaya penyehatan Badan Usaha Milik Negara Pos oleh pemerintah sebagai amanat Pasal 51 Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos. Dalam penyusunan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Pasal 15 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos memberikan kesempatan kepada semua penyelenggara pos untuk melaksanakan fungsi kemanfaatan umum yaitu Layanan Pos Universal, tidak hanya BUMN melainkan juga kepada BUMS, BUMD dan Koperasi. Sedangkan Pasal 66 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang mengamanatkan bahwa Pemerintah dapat memberikan penugasan khusus kepada BUMN untuk menyelenggarakan fungsi kemanfaatan umum dengan tetap memperhatikan maksud dan tujuan kegiatan BUMN. Penugasan Layanan Pos Universal sebagai fungsi kemanfaatan umum diberikan kepada BUMN, tidak diberikan kepada BUMS, BUMD maupun koperasi. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos tidak sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 terkait dengan penugasan khusus kepada BUMN untuk menyelenggarakan fungsi kemanfaatan umum (Layanan Pos Universal). Mengingat Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2009 tentang Pos mulai berlaku pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2009, maka pemerintah perlu segera menyiapkan metode seleksi untuk menunjuk penyelenggara pos Layanan Pos Universal serta perlu segera dilakukan penyehatan korporasi PT. Pos Indonesia dalam rangka menghadapi kompetisi.

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The Issued of Act Number 38 Year 2009 Concerning Post has brings a change in the paradigm of post activity in Indonesia, including the implementation of the Universal Postal Service. The purpose of the study is to analyze the regulation of the Universal Postal Service and the correspondence between the implementation of Act Number 38 Year 2009 Concerning Post by Act Number 19 of 2003 Concerning State-Owned Enterprises and the assignment of the Universal Postal Service. The study also analyzed the mechanism of the implementation of the Universal Postal Service after Indonesian Government ended assignment of the PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) on October 14, 2014, as well as analyzing restructure State-owned Enterprise of Post by government as the mandate of Article 51 of Act Number 38 Year 2009 Concerning Post. In order to preparing this study, the authors used normative research method.

Based on the research, Article 15 paragraph (3) of Act Number 38 Year 2009 on the Post provides the opportunity for all postal providers to carry out the functions of the public benefit, which is the Universal Postal Service, not only the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) but also to State Owned private (BUMS), provincial enterprises (enterprises) and Cooperatives. While Article 66 paragraph (1) of Act Number 19 Year 2003 Concerning State-Owned Enterprises which mandates that the Government can give special assignments to SOEs to perform the functions of public benefit with regard to the intent and purpose of the activities of SOEs. An assignment of the Universal Postal Service (BDS) as a function of the public benefit provided to SOE, is not given to private enterprises, enterprises and cooperatives. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of Act Number 38 Year 2009 Concerning Post does not comply with the Act Number 19 Year 2003 relating to special assignment to SOEs to perform the functions of public benefit (Universal Postal Service).

Considering The Act Number 38 Year 2009 Concerning Post has been valid since October 14, 2009, therefore the government should immediately set the selection method to designate the Universal Postal Service providers as well as post needs to be done to restructure the corporation PT. Pos Indonesia in order to face the competition."